Papilio

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Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Papilio Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 458; TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

Papilio (Papilio); [P&N23]
Papilio; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 233; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Papilio (Papilionini); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85; [NL4A], 96; [AfrL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [RFEL]

800x657 (~158Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, August, 2002), Photo © Erich Mangl

The exact identification of this species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Subgenus Papilio

Amaryssus Dalman, 1816; K. VetenskAcad. Handl. 1816 (1): 60; TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
- = Papilio; [NL4A], 96
Aernauta Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 106-109; TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
- = Papilio; [NL4A], 96
Achivus Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 286; TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
- = Papilio; [NL4A], 96

Achivus; [NHM-BMW]
Aernauta; [NHM-BMW]
Amaryssus; [NHM-BMW]
Papilio (Papilio); [AfrL]
Papilio (Papilionidi); [NL4A], 96

The machaon species-group

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

EU, NAF, Temperate Asia, NA. See [maps] Schwalbenschwanz Riddarfjäril Makaon Artemisia Swallowtail Swallowtail Old World Swallowtail Makaonfjäril Common Yellow Swallowtail Paź królowej Le Grand Porte-queue Ritariperhonen

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462; TL: Sweden
Papilio machaon ab. spuleri Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17): 129
Papilio machaon ab. sphyroides Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (1-2): 109
Papilio machaon ab. benesignata Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (1-2): 110
Papilio machaon ab. oudemansi Strand, 1912; Ent. Zs. 25 (49): 253
Papilio machaon ab. intacta Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 16; TL: Torgau
Papilio machaon ab. nigrimarginalis Kuwayama, 1921; Dobuts. Z. 33: 332 [Matsumura?]
Papilio machaon ab. analidilatata Obraztsov, 1936; Z. Öst. EntVer. 21: 46; TL: Zürich
Papilio machaon ab. subintacta Obraztsov, 1936; Z. Öst. EntVer. 21: 46; TL: Malaja Korenicha
Papilio machaon melitensis Eller, 1936; Abh. bayer. Acad. Wiss. (N.F.) 36: 42; TL: Malta
Papilio machaon hispanicus Eller, 1936; Abh. bayer. Acad. Wiss. (N.F.) 36: 42; TL: Barcelona
?Papilio machaon britannicus Eller, 1936; Abh. bayer. Acad. Wiss. (N.F.) 36: 56 (Spengel i.l.), pl. 11, f. 6
Papilio machaon mutingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 74
Papilio machaon taigensis Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 101
Papilio machaon ruettimanni Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 105
Papilio machaon guttmanni Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 112
Papilio machaon dodi Seyer, 1977; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 27 (4): 114

Papilio (Papilio) machaon dodi; [P&N23]
Papilio (Papilio) machaon; [AfrL]; [P&N23]
Papilio machaon britannicus; [iNaturalist]
Papilio machaon hispanicus; [iNaturalist]
Papilio machaon melitensis; [iNaturalist]
Papilio machaon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 272; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [BIR], 395; [SPRK]; [BRU], 149; [H&R], 35; [BOR], 60; [NACL], #4166; [NAB], 333; [BOW]: pl. 1, f. 5; [MRS], 159; [BNA]: 164, pl. 7; [Opler]; [NL4A], #121; [Otakar Kudrna]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62; [RFEL]; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [SVF] ; [Mario Maier]

500x345 (~52Kb) upperside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x377 (~38Kb) underside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	600x429 (~75Kb) upperside Finland, Konnevesi, June 1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen
358x480 (~21Kb) larva Northern Poland, Biebrza river, 20.8.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski	500x750 (~31Kb) larva Finland, Sotkamo, Kontinjoki 711:54, 21.7.1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen	1047x773 (~55Kb) larva Asamushi, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
596x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	475x523 (~116Kb) ♂ ♀ (copulation) The steppe-meadow top of the hill Sopka Lysaya of the hill chain called Bugotakskie Sopki, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. Flat and woody surroundings are seen. 12th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	596x400 (~36Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
596x400 (~42Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	750x507 (~40Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	750x504 (~38Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
750x495 (~71Kb) upperside Sipoo 670:40, ex.l. 17.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	900x1242 (~202Kb) ♀ Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x1406 (~159Kb) larva Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004 (on Cichorium intybus), Photo © Markku Savela
800x600 (~154Kb) pupa Poland: Podkarpacie - Region, Zalesie Antoniowskie, 15.8.2005, Photo © Jaroslaw Bury	1200x987 (~128Kb) Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 22.08.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant	840x615 (~123Kb) upperside Russia, Moscow area, 15.8.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
692x467 (~100Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area, 7.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	636x558 (~100Kb) larva cocoon Russia, Moscow area, 11.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	602x560 (~101Kb) cocoon Russia, Moscow area, 11.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
1004x655 (~126Kb) upperside Russia, Moscow area, 11.5.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	895x679 (~137Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 11.5.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	1149x798 (~248Kb) ♂ upperside A woody Suenga River valley on the border of Iskitim and Toguchin Districts of Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia, 6th June 2000. O. Kosterin , Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1200x800 (~336Kb) ♂ upperside A woody Suenga River valley on the border of Iskitim and Toguchin Districts of Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia, 6th June 2000. O. Kosterin , Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Umbelliferae , Cicuta virosa, Carum carvi, Pimpinella saxifraga, Aegopodium podagraria, Anethum graveolens, Angelica silvestris, A. archangelica, Levisticum officinale, Peucedanum palustre, Pastinaca sativa, Heracleum sphondylium, Daucus carota [SPRK], Daucus spp., Foeniculum vulgare, Heracleum spp. [MRS]

P. m. machaon C.Europe
- Papilio machaon var. marginalis Robbe, 1891; C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 35: cccxcv; TL: Belgium
- Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciata Rothke, 1895; Stettin Ent. Ztg 55 (7-9): 303; TL: Crefeld
- Papilio machaon ab. niger Heyne, [1895]; Palaearkt. Grossschm. 1: 694
- ?Papilio machaon var. aurantiaca de Selys-Longchamps, 1857; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge 1: 4
- Papilio machaon var. aurantiaca Speyer, 1858; Geogr. Verbr. Schmett. 1: 278
- Papilio machaon machaon; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon ab. marginalis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
- Papilio machaon ab. niger; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
- Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
- Papilio machaon ab. gen. aest. aurantiacus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
P. m. asiaticus Ménétriés
- Papilio machaon var. asiatica Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 70
  - = Papilio machaon sphyrus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
- Papilio machaon asiatica; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon asiaticus; [MRS], 159; [iNaturalist]
P. m. hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864 Japan
- Papilio hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 314, 362; TL: Japan
- Papilio machaon var. micado Pagenstecher, 1875; Verh. Nat. Ver. Heidelberg: 98 [? or 48]
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276
- Papilio hippocrates; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 94
- Papilio machaon hippocrates; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; [Oleg Kosterin]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [RFEL]; [iNaturalist]
806x618 (~77Kb) A grassy bank pond, Dragonfly Biotope Ponds, Hiraoka, Ikazaki-cho, Ehime-ken, Shikoku-Chiho, Japan. 7th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
P. m. bairdii Edwards, 1866 Nevada - Kansas, Arizona, Colorado Western Black Swallowtail
- Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (4): 200; TL: Fort Whipple, nr. Prescott, Arizona
- Papilio asterius var. utahensis Strecker, 1878; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (14): 128; TL: Utah
  - = ; [NL4A], #121a
- Papilio hollandii Edwards, 1892; Can. Ent. 24 (3): 50; TL: Colorado
  - = ; [NL4A], #121a
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon bairdii; [P&N23]
- Papilio bairdi; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 548; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 11 (text only)
- Papilio bairdii hollandii; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3
- Papilio bairdii; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3; [NACL], #4164; [NAB], 331; [BOA]
- Papilio machaon bairdii; [NL4A], #121a; Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68 (note); [BNA], 168; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68, Artemisia dracunculus [BNA]
P. m. aliaska Scudder, 1869 Chukot Peninsula, Alaska - N.British Columbia
- Papilio aliaska Scudder, 1869; Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 12: 407
- Papilio machaon joannisi Verity, [1907]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (7-8): pl. 10, f. 16
- Papilio machaon petersii Clark, 1932; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 81 (2934): 8, pl. 6, f. 3
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon aliaska; [P&N23]
- Papilio aliaska; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13
- Papilio machaon aliaska; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [NACL], #4166a; [BNA], 167; [Bernard Rond]; [RFEL]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Larva on Artemisia norvegica ssp. arctica, Heracleum lanatum [BNA]
P. m. oregonia Edwards, 1876 S.British Columbia - Oregon, Idaho Oregon Swallowtail
- Papilio hippocrates var. oregonia Edwards, 1876; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5: 208; TL: Columbia River, nr. The Dalles
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon oregonia; [P&N23]
- Papilio bairdii oregonia; [BOA]
- Papilio bairdii oregonius;
- Papilio machaon oregonia; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon oregonius; [BNA], 167; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio oregonius; [NACL], #4165; [NAB], 332; [BOC], 117
- ?Papilio bairdii oregonia; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3
Larva on (as oregonius) Artemisia dracunculus [BNA]
P. m. ladakensis Moore, 1884 E.Pamirs
- Papilio ladakensis Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1): 46; TL: Tarhsam, Ladak
  - = Papilio machaon asiaticus; [MRS]
- orienus Sheljuzhko, 1919
  - = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13
- Papilio machaon ladakensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon sphyrus ab. ladakensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275

P. m. sikkimensis Moore, 1884 Tibet

Papilio sikkimensis Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1): 47 (?preocc. Papilio sikkimensis Wood-Mason, 1882):Sollo,

Papilio machaon sikkimensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; Huang, 2001; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note); [iNaturalist]

1024x768 (~124Kb) ♀ upperside China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

1000x910 (~120Kb) ova China, S.Tibet, Nyalam town (4200m, on Heracleum sp.), 6.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. m. centralis Staudinger, 1886 Turan, W.Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs
- Papilio machaon var. centralis Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 193
- Papilio machaon centralis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon var. centralis; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 193
P. m. brucei Edwards, 1893 Alberta, Saskatchewan - Nebraska, Utah
- Papilio brucei Edwards, 1893; Can. Ent. 25 (10): 254 (nom. nud.?)
- Papilio brucei Edwards, 1895; ; TL: Colorado
  - = Papilio machaon bairdii; [NL4A], #121a
- Papilio machaon[?] dodi McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71 (10): ? (216-217); TL: Red Deer River, Gleichen, MT
  - = ; [BNA], 167
- Papilio baidii brucei; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3
- Papilio bairdii dodi; ; [BOA]
- Papilio machaon brucei; [BNA], 167; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon dodi; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio oregonius dodi; [NACL], #4165a; [BOC], 117
Larva on Artemisia dracunculus, Petasites frigidus var. palmatus [BNA]
P. m. montanus Alphéraky, 1897 W.Sichuan, SW.Gansu, E.Qinghai, NW.Yunnan
- Papilio machaon var. montanus Alphéraky, 1897; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9: 85 (preocc. Papilio crino var. montanus C. & R. Felder, 1864); TL: Ta-tsien-lu
- Papilio machaon var. montanus Alphéraky, 1897; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9: 229 (preocc. Papilio crino var. montanus C. & R. Felder, 1864); TL: Ta-tsien-lu
- Papilio machaon alpherakyi Bang-Haas, 1933; Ent. Zs. 47 (11): 90; TL: Gansu
- Papilio machaon minschani Bang-Haas; (nom. nud.)
- Papilio machaon chinensomandschuriensis Eller, 1939; (nom. nud.)
- Papilio machaon hieromax Hemming, 1934; (repl. Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897)
- Papilio machaon montanus; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note); [iNaturalist]

P. m. kamtschadalus Alphéraky, 1897 Kamchatka

Papilio kamtschadalus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14 (?)
Papilio machaon kamtschadalus; [RFEL]; [iNaturalist]

700x700 (~118Kb) ♀ upperside A stone birch parkland, the foot of the Vilyuchinskaya Sopka volkano, Kamchatka, 3rd August 1991, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

400x400 (~43Kb) larva A park stone birch wood on a pumice tephra cover in the Teplaya River lower flow, 87 km NE Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, S Kamchatka, 27th August 1991 (A second last instar larva on Heracleum lanatum), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

667x1000 (~156Kb) larva A park stone birch wood on a pumice tephra cover in the Teplaya River lower flow, 87 km NE Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, S Kamchatka, 27th August 1991 (A last instar larvae on Heracleum lanatum), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. m. mauretanica Verity, 1905 N.Africa

Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (1): 12, pl. 2, f. 5; TL: Algeria
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Blachier, 1908; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2): 209; TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 92; TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. caerulescens Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 139, f. 5; TL: Harrach, Algeria
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. djezïrensis Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 140; TL: Algeria
Papilio sphyrus Hübner, [1823]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1]: pl. 155, f. 775-776
Papilio machaon machaon r. maxima Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 296, pl. 52, f. 2; TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon maxima gen.aest. angulata Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 296, pl. 60, f. 14; TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon f. chrysostoma Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (6): 41, f. 1; TL: Tunisia

Papilio machaon mauretanica; [BMAT], 3, pl. 1, f. 1-2; [iNaturalist]
Papilio machaon maxima; [iNaturalist]
Papilio machaon sphyrus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275; [iNaturalist]

600x435 (~47Kb) larva Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	435x600 (~37Kb) larva Morocco, Siroua, Anti-Atlas , Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~39Kb) upperside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
600x435 (~41Kb) underside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~42Kb) ♂ ♀ Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Haplophyllum tuberculatum, Bupleurum fruticescens, Daucus carota, Seseli varium, Ruta graveolens, Ruta chalepensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula communis, Dictamnus sp., Artemisia sp. [BMAT]

P. m. verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907 N.Burma, Shan States, S.Yunnan
- Papilio machaon verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (41): 301; TL: Mannao, Yunnan
- Papilio machaon verityi; [MRS], 159; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note); [iNaturalist]
Larva on Umbelliferae [MRS]
P. m. archias Fruhstorfer, 1907 S.Sichuan
- Papilio machaon f. archias Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (41): 301; TL: Sichuan, Fou-Lin
- Papilio machaon archias; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note); [iNaturalist]
P. m. birmanicus Rothschild, 1908 S.Shan States
- Papilio machaon birmanicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 168; TL: Shan States; Burma
- Papilio machaon birmanicus; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (ntoe); [iNaturalist]
P. m. ussuriensis Sheljuzhko, 1910 Amur (south), N/C.Ussuri
- Papilio machaon ussuriensis Sheljuzhko, 1910; 383
- Papilio machaon ussuriensis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [RFEL]; [iNaturalist]
P. m. emihippocrates Verity, 1911 ..., Nepal
- Papilio machaon emihippocrates; Fujioka, 1970, Spec. Bull. Lepid. Soc. Japan (4): 4
P. m. neochinensis Sheljuzhko, 1913
- Papilio machaon m.v. neochinensis Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 15; TL: Ta-tsien-lu
- Papilio machaon neochinensis; [MRS], 159; [iNaturalist]
P. m. lapponica Verity, 1911 N.Europe
- Papilio machaon lapponica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 295, pl. 60, f. 9; TL: Lappland
- Papilio machaon lapponica; [iNaturalist]
P. m. orientis Verity, 1911 Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Amur (north), Far East
- Papilio machaon orientis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 297, pl. 60, f. 10-12; TL: Sajan
- Papilio machaon orientis; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 62; [RFEL]; [iNaturalist]
P. m. septentrionalis Verity, 1911 Kurile Islands
- Papilio machaon septentrionalis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (26-29): 299, pl. 61, f. 10-11
- Papilio machaon chishimana Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4): 192; TL: Kuriles
- Papilio machaon septentrionalis; [iNaturalist]
P. m. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911 Sakhalin
- Papilio machaon var. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911; J. Coll. Agr. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sapporo 4 (1): 4; TL: Solowiyofka
- Papilio machaon sachalinensis; [iNaturalist]
P. m. bigenerata Verity, 1919
- machaon bigenerata Verity, 1919; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 31: 88
- Papilio machaon bojorum Fruhstorfer, 1922; Ent. Rundschau 39 (4): 13; TL: "Oberbayern"
P. m. oreinus Sheljuzhko, 1919 Tian-Shan
- Papilio machaon oreinus Sheljuzhko, 1919; Neue Beitr. syst. Ins. 1 (16): 124; TL: Naryn
- Papilio machaon oreinus; [iNaturalist]
P. m. gorganus Fruhstorfer, 1922 S.Europe, Urals, Caucasus Major
- Papilio machaon gorganus Fruhstorfer, 1922; Ent. Rundschau 39 (4): 13
- Papilio machaon gorganus; [iNaturalist]
P. m. hudsonianus Clark, 1932 Alberta - Quebec
- Papilio machaon hudsonianus Clark, 1932; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 81 (2934): 6, pl. 3, f. 1-2
- Papilio machaon r. avinoffi Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36 (1): 12
- ?Papilio machaon hudsonianus f. comstocki Scott, 1986; Butts. N. America: 167
  - = ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 114 (nom. nud.)
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon hudsonianus; [P&N23]
- Papilio machaon hudsonianus; [NACL], #4166b; [BNA], 167; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Larva on Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera [BNA]
P. m. sylvina Hemming, 1933 Taiwan
- Papilio machaon sylvina Hemming, 1933; Entomologist 66: 279 (repl. sylvia Esaki, 1930)
- Papilio machaon sylvia Esaki & Kano, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (4): 201; TL: Formosa
- Papilio machaon sylvina; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon sylvinus; [MRS], 159
Larva on (as sylvinus) Angelica dahurica, A. hirsutiflora, Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Daucus carota, Peucedanum formosanum [MRS]
P. m. syriacus Verity, 1908 Caucasus Minor, Armenia, Talysh Mts
- Papilio machaon machaon r. syriaca Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (1): 12
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon syriacus; [AfrL]
- Papilio machaon syriacus; Eller, 1936, Abh. bayer. Acad. Wiss. (N.F.) 36: 61; [iNaturalist]
P. m. taliensis Eller, 1939 N.Yunnan
- Papilio machaon taliensis Eller, 1939; ; TL: Dali
- Papilio machaon taliensis; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note); [iNaturalist]
P. m. kunkalaschani Eller, 1939 W.Sichuan
- Papilio machaon kunkalaschani; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note); [iNaturalist]
P. m. suroia Tytler, 1939 Manipur, Assam, NE.India
- Papilio machaon suroia Tytler, 1939; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 41 (2): 239
- Papilio machaon suroia; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note); [iNaturalist]
P. m. weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976 Kopet-Dagh
- Papilio machaon weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 72
- Papilio machaon weidenhofferi; [iNaturalist]
P. m. schapiroi Seyer, 1976 S.Ussuri
- Papilio machaon schapiroi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 107
- Papilio machaon schapiroi; [iNaturalist]
?P. m. pikei Sperling, 1987
- pikei Sperling, 1987; ; TL: Dunvegan, Alberta
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon pikei; [P&N23]
- Papilio machaon pikei; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio oregonius pikei; [BOC], 117
P. m. muetingi Seyer, 1976 S.Arabia
- Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 74
- Papilio (Papilio) machaon muetingi; [AfrL]
- Papilio machaon muetingi; [iNaturalist]
P. m. kiyonobu Morita, 1997 Tibet
- Papilio machaon kiyonobu; [iNaturalist]
P. m. chinensis Verity, 1905 Sichuan, ...?
- Papilio machaon chinensis Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (1): 16, (11-12):109, (26-29):297, (5-6): pl. 11, f. 2; TL: Sichuan, Venchuan
- Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen
- ?Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936; Abh. bayer. Acad. Wiss. (N.F.) 36: 41; TL: Tsingtau
- Papilio machaon chinensis; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note); [iNaturalist]
- Papilio machaon venchuanus; [MRS], 159
P. m. annae Gistel, 1857
- machaon annae Gistel, 1857; Vacuna 2: 603
- Papilio machaon annae; [MRS], 159; [iNaturalist]
P. m. baijianensis Huang & Murayama, 1992 Xinjiang (Tianshan)
- Papilio machaon baijianensis Huang & Murayama, 1992; Tyô to Ga 43 (1): 1; TL: Huocheng, Tianschan, 2300m
- Papilio machaon baijianensis; [MRS], 159

Papilio saharae Oberthür, 1879 N.Africa, Arabia. See [maps]
- Papilio machaon var. saharae Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 68; TL: Laghouat, Algeria
  - = Papilio machaon sphyrus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
- Papilio machaon var. hospitonides Oberthür, 1888; Étud. d'Ent. 12: 21 (larva); TL: Biskra, Algeria
  - = Papilio machaon sphyrus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
- Papilio machaon saharae f. xanthosoma Turati, 1924; Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 63: 27, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Bengazi, Libya
- Papilio (Papilio) saharae; [AfrL]
- Papilio machaon saharae; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio saharae; [BMAT]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE]
600x435 (~16Kb) larva Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier 600x435 (~41Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Deverra scopularia, D. chloranthus, D. tortuosus, Seseli varium, (Saudi Arabia) Ferula sinaica, Pycnocycla glauca [BMAT]
- P. s. saharae
  - Papilio saharae saharae; [BMAT]: 3, pl. 1, f. 3-5, 10; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. rathjensi Warnecke, 1932 Yemen, SW.Saudi-Arabia
  - Papilio saharae rathjensi Warnecke, 1932; Int. Ent. Zs. 25: 473; TL: Yemen
  - Papilio (Papilio) saharae rathjensi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio saharae rathjensi; [iNaturalist]
Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839 Corsica, Sardinia. See [maps] Corsican Swallowtail
- Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839; Mem. Acad. Torin.: 43, pl. 2, f. 20-21; TL: Tortoli, Sardinia
- Papilio hospiton ab. solaris Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17): 130
- Papilio hospiton; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277; [H&R], 35; [Otakar Kudrna]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE]
Larva on Umbelliferae , Foeniculum vulgare [H&R]
Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800 SEU, Asia Minor, S.Balkans, W.Asia, Iran, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan. See [maps] Baluchi Yellow Swallowtail Southern Swallowtail
- Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (8-9): 89, pl. 110, f. 1; TL: Nice, France
- Papilio polidamas Prunner, 1798; Lepidopt. Pedemont. Suppl.: 69
- Papilio alexanor augustinus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio alexanor; [BIR], 396; [BRU], 150; [H&R], 36; [BOW]: pl. 1, f. 4; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [Otakar Kudrna]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [Mario Maier]
- Papilio polidamas; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277
Larva on Falcaria vulgaris, Seseli libanotis, Torilis heterophylla, Ferula karategina, F. ugamica [BRU], Umbelliferae , Trinia vulgaris, Seseli montanum, Ptychotis heterophylla [H&R]
- P. a. alexanor
  - Papilio alexanor alexanor; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): pl. XVII, f. 3a; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. orientalis Romanoff, 1884 Armenia
  - Papilio alexanor var. orientalis Romanoff, 1884; Mém. Lépid. 1: 41, pl. 5, f. 1; TL: SE.Caucasus
  - Papiliio alexanor orientalis; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13
  - Papilio alexanor orientalis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio polidamas orientalis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277
- P. a. judaeus Staudinger, 1894 Asia Minor, Palestine, Transcaucasia
  - Papilio alexanor var. judaeus Staudinger, 1894; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 6 (2): 369 (repl. Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, 1891); TL: Jerusalem
  - Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, [1892]; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 4 (2): 224 (preocc.); TL: Jerusalem
  - Papilio alexanor judaeus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio polidamas orientalis ab. maccabaeus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278
- P. a. hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961 Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghissar
  - Papilio alexanor hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 2; TL: Joshanak Valley, S. of Band-iAmir, W. Koh-i-Baba Mts., 9500ft
  - Papilio alexanor hazarajatica; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983
  - Papilio alexanor destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983; Alexanor 13: (16-20)
  - Papilio alexanor destelensis; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75 (note), pl. XVII, f. 3c; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. voldemar Kreuzberg, 1989 W.Tian-Shan
  - alexanor voldemar Kreuzberg, 1989; 39
  - Papilio alexanor voldemar; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 13; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991
  - Papilio alexanor radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991; Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75, pl. XVII, f. 1-2, 3b, 4; TL: Piemonte, Valdieri
  - Papilio alexanor radighierii; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on Trinia glauca Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 77

Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866

-. See [maps] Cliff Swallowtail Short-tailed Black Swallowtail Indra Swallowtail

Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1): 123; TL: Pike's Peak, Colorado

Papilio (Papilio) indra indra; [P&N23]
Papilio (Papilio) indra; [P&N23]
Papilio indra; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 552; [NACL], #4168; [NAB], 335; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 7; [BNA]: 175, pl. 7, 8; Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68 (note); [BOC], 120; [Opler]; [NL4A], #120; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

700x597 (~57Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x739 (~92Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Cymopterus purpurea, C. panamintensis var. acutifolius, Aletes acaulis, Harbouria trachypleura, Lomatium lucidum, L. parryi, L. nuttallii, L. eastwoodi, L. marginatum, L. scabrum, L. latilobum, L. junceum, L. grayi, L. triternatum, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Pteryxia hendersonii, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, less Thamnosma montana [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

P. i. indra NW.USA
- Papilio indra indra; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. minori Cross, 1937 Colorado
- indra minori Cross, 1937; Proc. Colo. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16 (1): 4; TL: Colorado
- Papilio (Papilio) indra minori; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra minori; [NACL], #4168a; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. pergamus H. Edwards, 1874 W.California
- Papilio pergamus H. Edwards, 1874; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 (27): 423; TL: California
- Papilio (Papilio) indra pergamus; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra pergamus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [NACL], #4168b; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A], #120a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. kaibabensis Bauer, 1955 Arizona
- Papilio indra kaibabensis Bauer, 1955; Lepid. News 9 (2-3): 49; TL: Arizona
- Papilio (Papilio) indra kaibabensis; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra kaibabensis; [NACL], #4168c; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. fordi Comstock & Martin, 1956 E.California
- Papilio (Papilio) indra fordi; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra fordi; [NACL], #4168d; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. martini Emmel & Emmel, 1966 California
- indra martini Emmel & Emmel, 1966; Ent. News 77: 57
- Papilio (Papilio) indra martini; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra martini; [NACL], #4168e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. nevadensis Emmel & Emmel, 1971 Nevada
- indra nevadensis Emmel & Emmel, 1971; Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 220
- Papilio (Papilio) indra nevadensis; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra nevadensis; [NACL], #4168f; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. panamintensis Emmel, 1982 California
- indra panamintensis Emmel, 1982; J. Lep. Soc. 35 (4): (297-302)
- Papilio (Papilio) indra panamintensis; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra panamintensis; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. phyllisae Emmel, 1982
- indra phyllisae Emmel, 1982; J. Lep. Soc. 35 (4): (297-302)
- Papilio (Papilio) indra phyllisae; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra phyllisae; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. shastensis Emmel & Emmel, 1998 California (Napa Co.) - S.Oregon
- Papilio (Papilio) indra shastensis; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra shastensis; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998 California
- Papilio indra calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998; ; TL: California
- Papilio (Papilio) indra calcicola; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra calcicola; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. i. parvindra Emmel, Emmel & Griffin, 2008 California
- Papilio indra parvindra Emmel, Emmel & Griffin, 2008; (repl. Papilio indra pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin, 1998)
- Papilio indra pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin, 1998; ; TL: Dead Mountains in San Bernardino, California
- Papilio (Papilio) indra pygmaeus; [P&N23]
- Papilio indra parvindra; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio indra pygmaeus; [iNaturalist]
P. i. bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000 Utah
- Papilio indra bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000; ; TL: Utah

Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869 S.Labrador, Newfoundland. See [maps] Short-tailed Swallowtail
- Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869; Packard's Guide Ins.: 245
- Papilio anticostiensis Strecker, 1873; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (2): 10, pl. 2, f. 2
- Papilio medicandus Bryk, 1930
- Papilio (Papilio) brevicauda brevicauda; [P&N23]
- Papilio (Papilio) brevicauda; [P&N23]
- Papilio brevicauda; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3; [NACL], #4162; [NAB], 330; [BNA]: 174, pl. 7; [Opler]; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
- Papilio polyxenes brevicauda; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 548
Larva on Ligusticum scothicum, Coelopleurum lucidum, Heracleum lanatum, Angelica atropurpurea, Pastinaca sativa, Conioselinum chinense, Daucus carota var. sativus, Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Dictamnus albus? [BNA]
- P. b. brevicauda Newfoundland
  - Papilio brevicauda brevicauda; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- P. b. gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934 Labrador, Quebec
  - brevicauda gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934; Can. ent. 66 (4): 84
  - Papilio (Papilio) brevicauda gaspeensis; [P&N23]
  - Papilio brevicauda gaspeensis; [NACL], #4162a; [BNA], 175; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- P. b. bretonensis McDunnough, 1939
  - Papilio brevicauda bretonensis McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71 (7): ? (153-158); TL: ?Cape Breton I.
  - Papilio (Papilio) brevicauda bretonensis; [P&N23]
  - Papilio brevicauda bretonensis; [NACL], #4162b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775

-. See [maps] Eastern Black Swallowtail Black Swallowtail American Swallowtail

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 444; TL: America
asterioides Eimer, 1895; (not Reakirt, 1866)

Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes; [P&N23]
Papilio polyxenes; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 242; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 540; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4; [NACL], #4150; [NAB], 327; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 11; [BNA]: 171, pl. 6-8; [BCR]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #122; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [GALEPS]

700x534 (~118Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1200x830 (~122Kb) ♂ upperside USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x875 (~94Kb) ♂ underside USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x1050 (~238Kb) ♀ upperside USA: Alabama, 8.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	900x971 (~120Kb) ♀ underside USA: Alabama, 14.8.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1500x996 (~170Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x930 (~431Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x1258 (~118Kb) USA: Alabama, 20.5.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Daucus carota, Apiaceae , Rutaceae , Ruta graveolens, Thamnosma texana [NAB], Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]

P. p. polyxenes Cuba
- Papilio philoxenes; Holland, 1927, (missp.)
- Papilio polyxenes polyxenes; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 547; [NL4A], #122a; [Bernard Rond]; [BOA]
P. p. asterius Stoll, 1782 E.USA, S.USA, Mexico - Nicaragua
- Papilio asterius Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): pl. 385, f. C, D
- Papilio ajax Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462 (part, rej. name ICZN Op. 286)
- troilus Drury, 1773; (not Linnaeus, 1758)
- Papilio asterius var. ampliata Ménétriés, 1857; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 99; TL: N.Amer.
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio calverleyi Grote, 1864; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 2: 441; TL: New York
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterioides Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331; TL: Mexico
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterias[sic] var. viridis Cockerell, 1889
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterias[sic] var. alunata Skinner & Aaron, 1889; Can. Ent. 21: 127; TL: Pennsylvania
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio mediocauda Eimer, 1895; ; TL: "Canada?"
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterias[sic] var. semi-alba Ehrmann, 1900; Can. Ent. 32 (11): 348; TL: Pennsylvania
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio polyxenes var. curvifascia Skinner, 1902; Ent. News 13 (6): 183; TL: New Mexico
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterias[sic] ab. ehrmanni Ehrmann, 1925; Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 20 (2): 84; TL: Pennsylvania
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio asterius ab. gertrudis Kruck, 1931; Ent. Rndsch. 48: 236; TL: Mexico, Oaxaca
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio polyxenes ab. forsythae Wood, 1937; Ent. News 48 (10): 273; TL: Florida
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio gracehus Fabricius, 1938; ; TL: Pennsylvania
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio ajax f. pseudoamericus Brown, [1943]; ; TL: Illinois
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- f. subamplicata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 106; TL: Pennsylvania
  - = ; [NL4A], #122c
- Papilio joanae Heitzman, 1973; J. Res. Lepid. 12 (1): (1-10)
- Papilio (Papilio) joanae; [P&N23]
- Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes asterius; [P&N23]
- Papilio joanae; [NACL], #4160; [BNA]; [Opler]; [MPG] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
- Papilio mediocanda[sic, mediocauda]; Eimer, 1895, (incorr. orig. spell.)
- Papilio polyxenes alunata; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- Papilio polyxenes amplicata[sic, ampliata]; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- Papilio polyxenes asterius; [BNA]; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 543; [NACL], #4150a; Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68 (note); [NL4A], #122c; [Bernard Rond]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio polyxenes calverleyii; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- Papilio polyxenes curvifascia; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- Papilio polyxenes semialba; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 4
- Papilio poxyxenes asterius; Williams, 2003, J. Lep. Soc. 57 (2): 149 (note)
- alunatus;
- asterias; Fabricius, 1787, (missp.)
Misidentified/misapplied:
- Papilio asterius (= Papilio brevicauda); Gosse, 1840, Canad. Natur.: 184
Larva on (as joanae) Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Zizia aurea [BNA], Angelica ampla, A. atropurpurea, A. venenosa, Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Conium maculatum, Daucus pusillus, D. carota, Daucus carota var. sativus, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum scothicum, Berula erecta, Osmorhiza longistylis, Oxypolis canbyi, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Ptilimnium capillaceum, Carum carvi, Cicuta maculata, C. bulbifera, Cicuta douglasii, Sium suave, Spermolepis divaricata, Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Thamnosma texana, Ruta graveolens, Dictamnus albus [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 69, Oxypolis rigidior Williams, 2003, J. Lep. Soc. 57 (2): 149-150
P. p. kahli Chermock, 1937 S.Saskatchewan, S.Manitoba
- Papilio nitra f. kahli Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36 (1): 12
  - = Papilio machaon hudsonianus; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 113
- Papilio kahli; [NACL], #4161
- Papilio machaon kahli; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polyxenes kahli; [BNA], 172; [Bernard Rond]
Larva on Daucus carota, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Zizia aurea, Z. aptera [BNA]
P. p. coloro Wright, 1906 SE.California, W.Arizona Desert Swallowtail
- Papilio coloro Wright, 1906; Butts. West Coast (2nd edn.): 86, pl. 3, f. 25; TL: California
- Papilio bairdii f. rudkini Comstock, 1935; ; TL: California
  - = ; [NL4A], #122d
- Papilio rudkini f. clarki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36 (1): 8; TL: California
  - = ; [NL4A], #122d
- Papilio rudkini f. comstocki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36 (1): 10; TL: California
  - = ; [NL4A], #122d
- Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes rudkini; [P&N23]
- Papilio polyxenes coloro; [BNA], 172; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A], #122d
- Papilio polyxenes rudkini; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio rudkini; [NACL], #4161; [NAB], 329
Larva on Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Petroselinum crispum, Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, Thamnosma monana, Ruta graveolens [BNA]
P. p. stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 Costa Rica - Panama
- Papilio polyxenes stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 543; TL: Costa Rica
- Papilio asterius ab. streckeri Holland, 1927; ; TL: Costa Rica
  - = ; [NL4A], #122g
- Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes stabilis; [P&N23]
- Papilio polyxenes stabilis; [BCR]: 71, pl. 4, f. 7; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A], #122g; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Misidentified/misapplied:
- stabilis (= Papilio polyxenes asterius); dos Passos, 1964
Larva on Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]
P. p. americus Kollar, [1849] Colombia - Peru
- Papilio americus Kollar, [1849]; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 354; TL: Colombia
- Papilio polyxenes americus f. melasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 542; TL: Colombia
  - = ; [NL4A], #122b
- Papilio (Papilio) polyxenes americus; [P&N23]
- Papilio americus; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 243, 3: pl. 72, f. 8; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3 (missid.?)
- Papilio polyxenes americus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 541; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A], #122b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. p. gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002 Peru
- Papilio polyxenes gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002; Lambillionea 102 (2): 152, f. 1-2; TL: Peru, Cajamarca, road Celendín pass, ~(6°51'S 78°05'W), 1800-2500m
- Papilio polyxenes gerardi; [NL4A], #122e
P. p. sadalus Lucas, 1852 Ecuador
- Papilio sadalus Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 133, 4 (9): pl. 10, f. 4; TL: Ecuador, Quito
- Papilio sardalus Becker, 1851; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr.: 33 (nom. nud.); TL: Ecuador
  - = ; [NL4A], #122f
- Papilio polyxenes sadalus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #122f; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. p. costarum Orellana, 2009 Venezuela
- Papilio polyxenes costarum; [BOA]

Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852

Pacific Coast, British Columbia - Baja California. See [maps] Western Swallowtail Anise Swallowtail

Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 136; TL: San Francisco, California
Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. impunctata Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17): 129
- = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. melanotaenia Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17): 129
- = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. formosa Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17): 129
- = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
Papilio zelicaon tr.f. mcdunnoughi Gunder, 1928; Can. Ent. 60 (7): 162, pl. A, f.1 , 1a
- = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
Papilio macdunnoughi dos Passos, 1964; (emend.)

Papilio (Papilio) zelicaon; [P&N23]
Papilio formosus;
Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
Papilio zelicaon; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 550; [NACL], #4167; [NAB], 334; [BOW]: pl. 12, f. 14; [BNA]: 170, pl. 7; [Bernard Rond]; [BOC], 118; [Opler]; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Papilio zelicayn[sic, zelicaon]; Skinner, 1898
Papilio zolicaon[sic, zelicaon]; Boisduval, 1852, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 (2): 281; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3

1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Minto Island, Salem, Oregon, USA, 8-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

800x593 (~93Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x535 (~85Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, A. arguta, A. hendersonii, A. kingii, A. lineariloba, A. tomentosa, A. lucida, Apium graveolens, Cicuta maculata, Conioselinum scopulorum, Daucus carota, D. pusillus, Conium maculatum, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, H. sphondylium, Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum, Ligusticum porteri, L. grayi, Lomatium nuttallii, L. californicum, L. dasycarpum, L. urticulatum, L. parryi, L. grayi, Lomatium triternatum, Lomatium marginatum, L. martindalei?, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Zizia aptera, Pseudocymopterus montanus, Pimpinella , Petroselinum crispum, Pteryxia hendersoni, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Pastinaca sativa, Perideridia bolanderi, P. gairdneri, P. kelloggii, Sphenosciadium capitellatum, Tauschia arguta, T. parishii, Citrus sinensis, C. limon, Ruta graveolens [BNA]

P. z. zelicaon
- Papilio machaon var. californica Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 1: (supplement) 69 [?? bad ref.]; TL: California
  - = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
P. z. nitra Edwards, 1883
- Papilio nitra Edwards, 1883; Papilio 3 (7-10): 158, 162; TL: Montana
  - = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
- Papilio gothica Remington, 1968; Postilla 119: 2; TL: Colorado
  - = Papilio polyxenes zelicaon; [NL4A], #122h
- Papilio indra nitra; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 3
- Papilio nitra; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 550
- Papilio zelicaon nitra; [NACL], #4167a; [BNA]; Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68 (note); [iNaturalist]
Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera, Lomatium nuttallii [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

Subgenus Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983

Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 35; TS: Papilio xuthus Linnaeus

Sinoprinceps; [NHM-BMW]
Sinoprinceps (Papilionini); Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]

The xuthus species-group

Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767

E.China - Taiwan, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, Japan, Hawaii. See [maps] Asian Swallowtail

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 corrigenda; TL: Kanton, China
Papilio xanthus [= xuthus] Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 (missp. in some editions?)
Papilio xuthulus Bremer, 1861; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 3: 463
?Papilio xanthus xuthulus f. hondoensis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47; TL: Hondo,...
?Papilio xuthus ab. igneus Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 15; TL: Ogaki, Japan
Papilio xuthulinus Murray, 1874; Ent. mon. Mag. 11: 166; TL: Yokohama
Papilio xuthus ab. unipunctata Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 264, pl. 5, f. 3
Papilio xuthus ab. caeca Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 264, pl. 5, f. 4
Papilio xanthus[sic?] ab. fulvescens Wnukowsky, 1928; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 42 (1): 1
Papilio xuthus hondoensis ab. nivescens Naito, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (4): 203
Papilio xuthus xuthulus ab. osakensis Hirose, 1931; Trans. Kansai ent. Soc. 2: 8
Papilio xuthus ab. takagaminensis Sugitani, 1933; Zephyrus 5 (1): 6
Papilio xuthulus ab. kuramanus Sugitani, 1933; Zephyrus 5 (1): 7
Papilio xuthulus ab. gion Sugitani, 1933; Zephyrus 5 (1): 9

Papilio (Papilio) xuthus; [P&N23]
Papilio xanthus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. aest. xanthus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. vern. xuthulus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xuthus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (4): 503; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 94; [BOR], 60; [MRS], 157; [BNA]: 164, pl. 63; [BRU]; [Bernard Rond]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; [Oleg Kosterin]; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Sinoprinceps xuthus; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]; [SZMN]

1047x773 (~50Kb) underside Yonahadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

900x530 (~67Kb) Dragonfly Station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

800x630 (~176Kb) ♀ A woody Suenga River valley on the border of Iskitim and Toguchin Districts of Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia, 6th June 2000 (A female laying eggs on a larval foodplant Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Phellodendron amurensis [BRU], Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum sp., Citrus sp., Euodia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17, Dictamnus dasycarpus [Oleg Kosterin]

P. x. xuthus Yunnan, ...?
- Papilio xuthus xuthus; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
P. x. koxingus Fruhstorfer, 1908 Taiwan
- Papilio xanthus koxinga Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46; TL: Formosa
- Papilio xuthus koxinga ab. umbriferus Murayama & Shimonoya, 1966; Tyô to Ga 15 (3/4): 58, f. 5; TL: Kuraru, Formosa
- Papilio xuthus koxinga; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio xuthus koxingus; [MRS], 157
Larva on Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. nitidum, Citrus spp., Euodia rutaecarpa [MRS]
P. x. neoxuthus Fruhstorfer, 1908
- Papilio xanthus neoxuthus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46
- Papilio xanthus neoxuthus f. xuthina Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47
- Papilio xuthus neoxuthus; [MRS], 157; [iNaturalist]
- ?Papilio xanthus neoxanthus; Fruhstorfer, 1908, Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47 (missp.?)
P. x. benguetanus Joicey & Talbot, 1923² Philippines (N.Luzon, ...)
- benguelana Joicey & Talbot, 1923; The Entomologist 56: 273 (spell.?)
- ?benguetana Joicey & Talbot, 1929
- Papilio benguelana; [BOR], 60
- Papilio benguetana; [CoL]
- Papilio benguetanus; [iNaturalist]
- ?Papilio xuthus benguetanus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 43, f. 1-4

Subgenus Druryia Aurivillius, 1881

Druryia Aurivillius, 1881; Ent. Tidskr. 2 (1): 44; TS: Papilio antimachus Drury
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Eques Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 290 (preocc. Eques Bloch, 1793); TS: Papilio nireus Linnaeus
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
- = Druryia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Icarus Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12): 186 (preocc. Icarus Forbes, 1844); TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
- = Druryia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Melindopsis Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 461; TS: Papilio rex Oberthür
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
- = Druryia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Iterus Donitz, 1899; Berl. ent. Z. 44, SitzBer.: (22) (repl. Icarus Röber, 1898); TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
- = Druryia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Druryeia; [NHM-BMW]
Druryeia[sic, Druryia]; [EBW]
Druryia; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Druryia (Papilio); [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Eques; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Icarus; [NHM-BMW]
Iterus; [NHM-BMW]
Melindopsis; [NHM-BMW]

The antimachus species-group

Antimachus; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782 -. See [maps] Giant African swallowtail
- Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: index & 1, pl. 1; TL: Sierra Leone
- Druryeia antimachus; [EBW]
- Druryia antimachus;
- Papilio (Druryia) antimachus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) antimachus; [AfrL]
- Papilio antimachus; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 21; [BAFR], 6; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
800x573 (~110Kb) upperside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov 800x568 (~116Kb) underside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov
- P. a. antimachus Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, W.Congo Republic, S.Sudan, N.Angola
  - Drurya[sic] antimachus var. gigantea Watkins, 1899; Ent. mon. Mag. 35: 109; TL: Gabon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Druryia antimachus ab. plagiata Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20: 165; TL: Cameroon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. parvus Reuss, 1922; Archiv Naturg. 87 A (11): 232; TL: Sierra Leone
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. karschi Reuss, 1922; Archiv Naturg. 87 A (11): 233; TL: Togo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. rothschildiana Reuss, 1922; Archiv Naturg. 87 A (11): 234
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. staudingeri Reuss, 1922; Archiv Naturg. 87 A (11): 234; TL: Gabon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. centrispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 372; TL: Cameroon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus f. melanescens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 372; TL: Congo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. pupillata Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. obsoleta Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. virgularia Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus coffea Talbot, 1936; Entomologist 69: 112; TL: Ivory Coast
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. burgeoni Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) antimachus antimachus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) antimachus antimachus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus antimachus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio orsippus rothschildianus; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. parva (Jackson, 1956) E.Congo Republic, Uganda
  - Papilo antimachus parva Jackson, 1956; J. E Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 23 (1): 72; TL: Uganda, Kigezi, Kanyonza
  - Papilio (Druryia) antimachus parva; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) antimachus parva; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antimachus parva; [iNaturalist]

The zalmoxis species-group

Zalmoxis; [AfrL]

Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, 1864 Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, ?Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Congo, S.Sudan, Uganda. See [maps] Giant blue swallowtail
- Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio VI): [12], pl. [6], f. 18; TL: Nigeria, Calabar
- Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12): 186
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12): 186; TL: Calabara, Congo, ...
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio zalmozis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913; Archiv Naturgesch. 79 A (7): 4; TL: Cameroon
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Druryia zalmoxis;
- Iterus zalmoxis; [EBW]
- Papilio (Druryia) zalmoxis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) zalmoxis; [AfrL]
- Papilio zalmoxis; [BOW]: pl. 91, f. 2; [BAFR], 4; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The rex species-group

Rex; Aurivillius, 1908, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13: 32; [Bernard Rond]

Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886 -. See [maps] Regal Swallowtail
- Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6: 114; TL: Tanzania, Mhonda, dans l'Ouzigoua
- Papilio (Druryia) rex; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) rex; [AfrL]
- Papilio rex; Oberthür, 1888, Étud. d'Ent. 12: 2, pl. 1, f. 2; [BOW]: pl. 91, f. 1; [BK], 109; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
The Kenyan forms mimic Tirumala formosa.[BK]

Larva on Teclea tricocarpa, T. stuhlmanni, Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp., Clausena sp., Fagara sp., Toddalia sp. [AfrL]
- P. r. rex Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), NE.Tanzania, C.Tanzania
  - ?Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909; Int. Ent. Zs. 3: 102; TL: Hochländern zwischen Viktoria See und indischem Ozean
    
    = ?; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex rex; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex rex; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex rex; [BAFR], 8; [iNaturalist]
- P. r. mimeticus Rothschild, 1897 Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, NW.Tanzania, W.Kenya
  - Papilio mimeticus Rothschild, 1897; Entomologist 30: 165; TL: Uganda, Msarosaro
  - Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 373; TL: Congo Belge, Upper Lowa Valley, West of Masisi N.O. Kivu, 4500-5000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex mimeticus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex mimeticus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex mimeticus; [BAFR], 8; [iNaturalist]
- P. r. franciscae Carpenter, 1928 S.Sudan, SW.Ethiopia
  - Papilio rex franciscae Carpenter, 1928; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 76 (1): 28, pl. 2, f. 1-2; TL: Sudan, Didinga
  - Papilio (Druryia) franciscae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex franciscae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex franciscae; [iNaturalist]
- P. r. commixta Aurivillius, 1908 Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley)
  - Papilio rex commixta Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13: 12
  - Papilio rex alinderi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14; TL: Northern Victoria Nyanza
    
    = ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio rex var. alinderi f. lindblomi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14; TL: Kenya, Mount Elgon
    
    = Papilio rex alinderi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex f. intermediata Bryk, 1930; in Strand, Lepid. Cat. 39: 515; TL: Nyangori; Kisumu, Victoria Nyanza
    
    = Papilio rex alinderi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex alinderi f. holmi Bryk, 1953; Ent. Tidskr. 74: 48; TL: Ost-Seite Mount Elgon, Kaptega Estate, 2100m
    
    = Papilio rex alinderi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex commixtus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex alinderi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex alinderi; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio rex commixtus; [BAFR], 8 (text)
- P. r. schultzei Aurivillius, 1904 E.Nigeria, Cameroun (highlands)
  - Papilio schultzei Aurivillius, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (48): 363; TL: Hossere Uba, Nord Adamana
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex schultzei; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex schultzei; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex schultzei; [BAFR], 8 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. r. abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995 SE.Ethiopia (highlands)
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995; Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156; TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
  - rex abyssinicus Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 42 (preocc. Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900); TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex abyssinicana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex abyssinicana; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio rex abyssinicus; [BAFR], 8
- P. r. regulana Vane-Wright, 1995 Kenya (highlands E of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana Vane-Wright, 1995; Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156 (repl.); TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
  - Papilio rex var. regulus Le Cerf, 1919; Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 25: 162 (preocc. Papilio regulus Stoll, 1790); TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
  - Papilio rex ab. eisneri Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14; TL: Br. Ost. Afr., Escarpment, 9000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex f. endymion Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 5; TL: [Nairobi], Nairobi and Kitale
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) rex regulana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana; [AfrL]
  - Papilio rex regulana; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio rex regulus; [BAFR], 8

The mackinnoni species-group

Mackinnoni; [Bernard Rond]

Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891 Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Uganda, E.Zaire, S.Sudan. See [maps] MacKinnon's Swallowtail
- Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1891: 187, pl. 16, f. 1; TL: Between Sotik and Kavirondo, Kikuyu
- Druryia mackinnoni;
- Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni; [AfrL]
- Papilio mackinnoni; [BK]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 15; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Rutaceae , Clausema , Toddalia , Citrus [BK], Teclea simplicifolia, T. nobilis, T. tricocarpa [AfrL]
- P. m. mackinnoni S.Sudan, Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, NE.Tanzania
  - Papilio mackinnoni immaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 96; TL: Hinterlande von Usambara
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni bimaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 96; TL: Hinterlande von Usambara
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni f.indiv. unimaculatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 384; TL: Usambara hinterland
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnnoni[sic] var. elgonia Bryk, 1926; J. East Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc. (25): 89; TL: Mt. Elgon, 8300ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni ab. ampliusmaculata Krüger, 1928; Int. ent. Zs. 22: 255; TL: Mt. Elgon Gebiet
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni f. addenda Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43; TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni mackinnoni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mackinnoni; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni; [BAFR], 18; [BK], 111; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. benguellae Jordan, 1908 C.Angola (highlands)
  - Papilio mackinnoni benguellae Jordan, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 253; TL: Cuval River, Benguella
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni benguellae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni benguellae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni benguellae; [BAFR], 18 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. m. theodori Riley, 1921 S.Zaire (Shaba), NW.Zambia
  - Papilio mackinnoni theodori Riley, 1921; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1921 (1-2): 234; TL: N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni theodori; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni theodori; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni theodori; [BAFR], 18 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. m. isokae (Hancock, 1984) NE.Zambia, W.Tanzania, N.Malawi
  - Princeps (Druryia) mackinnoni isokae Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (12): 187; TL: Chowa Forest, Nyika Plateau, 2300m
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni isokae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni isokae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni isokae; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. mpwapwana Kielland, 1990 E.Tanzania
  - Papilio mackinnoni mpwapwana Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 42; TL: Tanzania, Mpwapwa, Rubeho Mts, Mangalisa Mt, 2200m
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni mpwapwana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mpwapwana; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni mpwapwana; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. reductofascia Kielland, 1990 N.Tanzania, S.Kenya
  - Papilio mackinnoni reductofascia Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 41; TL: Arusha, Longido, 2600m
  - Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni reductofascia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni reductofascia; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mackinnoni reductofascia; [iNaturalist]

The nireus species-group

Nireus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758 -. See [maps] Narrowly green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464
- Druryia nireus;
- Papilio (Druryia) nireus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) nireus; [AfrL]
- Papilio nireus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 17; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
740x567 (~118Kb) ♂ Ethiopia, Amhara, Lake Hayk. 7th August 2012, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Calodenderum capense, Citrus spp., Clausena anisata, C. spp., Fagara macrophylla, Oricia bachmannii, Teclea natalensis, Toddalia asiatica, Vepris lanceolata, Zanthoxylum capense, Z. delagoense [AfrL]
- P. n. nireus Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda (-Bwamba), W.Tanzania, Zambia
  - Papilio erinus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 26
  - Papilio nireus f. nora Strand, 1915; Ent. Mitt. 4 (7/9): 194 (nom. nud.); TL: Kamerun, Bonaberi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus f. dimidiatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 385, pl. 4, f. 37; TL: W. Africa, Aguapim
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireoides Braun, 1932; Ent. Zs. 46: 11; TL: Kamerun,Togo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. bedoci Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. seeldrayersi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. pierardi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. falcata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Luebo Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105; TL: Côte d'Ivoire, Man
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus f. tenuivittata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105; TL: Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus var. xerophila Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15; TL: Kafakumba [Congo Republic]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus micronireus Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15; TL: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus ?ab. lyaeoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 19; TL: Cameroon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus f. cedeae Sala, 1992; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. 75-76: 35; TL: Central African Republic
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) nireus nireus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nireus nireus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus nireus; [BAFR], 26; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. lyaeus Doubleday, 1845 S.Sudan (Didinga Mountains), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa, Swaziland Narrow Green-Banded Swallowtail
  - Papilio lyaeus Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 178; TL: Africa
  - Papilio lyaeus aelyus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 98, pl. 3, f. 1-2; TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa, Walde zwischen Mori und Mangati [Tanzania]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mantitheus Ehrmann, 1920; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 15 (1): 21; TL: Br. East Africa [Uganda]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus-lyaeus f. callistria Le Cerf, 1927; Encycl. ent. (B3) 2: 57; TL: Afrique orientale ex allemande [Tanzania]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireoides Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 51; TL: Busog, strada fra Jinja e Jganga [Uganda]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) nireus lyaeus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nireus lyaeus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus lyaeus; [PBSA]; [BK], 113; [BAFR], 26; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on Clausema inaequalis, Calodendron capense, Toddalia aculeata, T. lanceolata, T. natalensis, Citrus , Teclea swynnertoni, Fagara capensis [PBSA]
- P. n. pseudonireus C. & R. Felder, 1865 N.Kenya, N.Uganda, S.Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
  - Papilio pseudo-nireus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 94
  - Papilio donaldsoni Sharpe, 1896; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896: 537; TL: Darro Mts., Meo [Somalia]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900; Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 32: 292; TL: [Ethiopia] Adua
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1902; Misc. Ent. 10 (1): 2; TL: Eritrea
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. pseudolyaeus Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47; TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. anticemaculata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47; TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. minor Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47; TL: [Ethiopia] Ascalena, presso Let Marefia, Scioa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireus f. semivittata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47; TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) nireus pseudonireus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nireus pseudonireus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus pseudonireus; [BAFR], 26; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. aristophontes Oberthür, 1897 Comoro Is. (Grand Comore)
  - Papilio aristophontes Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897: 188; TL: Grand Comore
  - Papilio (Druryia) nireus aristophontes; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) aristophontes; [AfrL]
  - Papilio aristophontes; [BAFR], 26; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. wilsoni Rothschild, 1926 Ethiopia
  - Papilio wilsoni Rothschild, 1926; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 17: 113; TL: Ethiopia, Nubar Hills, Taldi, 10° 39'N, 1625ft
  - Papilio (Druryia) nireus wilsoni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) wilsoni; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nireus wilsoni; [BAFR], 26
  - Papilio wilsoni; [iNaturalist]
Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843 -. See [maps] Tailed green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 1: 189; TL: "Gold Coast" [Error, = Cameroon]
- Druryia charopus;
- Papilio (Druryia) charopus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) charopus; [AfrL]
- Papilio charopus; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 24; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- P. c. charopus Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Island of Bioko)
  - Papilio (Druryia) charopus charopus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) charopus charopus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio charopus charopus; [BAFR], 20 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. c. montuosus Joicey & Talbot, 1927 Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), W.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
  - Papilio charopus montuosus Joicey & Talbot, 1927; Encycl. Ent. (B3) 2 (1): 2; TL: [Congo Republic] N.W. Kivu, Upper Iowa Valley, near msisisi, 5000-6000ft, forest and long grass country
  - Papilio charopus juventus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 385, n. 42, pl. 4, f. 32, 35; TL: [Congo Republic] Semliki Valley
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) charopus montuosus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) charopus montuosus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio charopus juventus; [BAFR], 20 (text)
  - Papilio charopus montuosus; [BAFR], 21; [iNaturalist]
Papilio chrapkowskii Suffert, 1904 Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [maps] Chrapkowski's green-banded swallowtail Broad green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio chrapkowskii Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 98, pl. 2, f. 2; TL: Brit.-Ost.-Africa, Nairobi
- Papilio bromius var. brontia Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 120; TL: [Tanzania] Sigiund Amani
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. obliterata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105; TL: [Kenya/Uganda] Afrique Orientale Britannique
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. addenda Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 76; TL: [Kenya] Forêt de Ngong
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Druryia) chrapkowskii; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskii; [AfrL]
- Papilio bromius chrapkowskii; [BK], 112; [BAFR], 24
- Papilio chrapkowskii; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Teclea [AfrL]
Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952 -. See [maps] Broadly green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 9; TL: Uganda
- Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides; [AfrL]
- Papilio chrapkowskoides; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Larva on Calodendrum capense, Teclea spp., Vepris spp., Citrus spp. [AfrL]
- P. c. chrapkowskoides E.Congo Republic, SW.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W.Tanzania
  - Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides ab. opposita Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 11; TL: Uganda
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - interjacens Storace, 1961; Doriana 3 (115):2; TL: Rutschuru, Kivu orient; Altouelle, Faradje, Congo Republic di N.E., Uele-Itimbiri
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) bromius chrapkowskoides; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides chrapkowskoides; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides; [BAFR], 24 (text)
  - Papilio bromius interjacens; [BAFR], 24 (text)
  - Papilio chrapkowskoides chrapkowskoides; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. nurettini Koçak, 1983 Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda
  - Papilio nurettini Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845); TL: Ghana
    
    = Papilo bromius bromius; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 176 (preocc. Papilio bromius Stoll, [1787]); TL: [Ghana] Ashanti
  - Papilio bromius ab. tessmanni Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2): 23; TL: [Cameroon] Kamerun, Bassagebt b. Edea; Lolodorf Bipindi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius ab. incerta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2): 23; TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span. Guinea, Makomo Ntumgebt
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius ab. impunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius chrapkowskii ab. ornata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 105; TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius ?f. macrops Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55; TL: [Congo Republic] Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius f. latior Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55; TL: [Congo] Congo Français, Etoumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius f. imitans Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55; TL: Cameroon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius f. angustevittata Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55; TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius f. caerulea Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56; TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius var. tenuis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56; TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Dimbroki; Sierra Leone
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius var. septentrionicola Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 57; TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Ashanti, septentrional
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Druryia bromius;
  - Papilio (Druryia) bromius bromius; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Druryia) bromius; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides nurettini; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius bromius; [BAFR], 24
  - Papilio bromius; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 26
  - Papilio chrapkowskoides nurettini; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. nerminae Koçak, 1983 São Tomé and Principe
  - Papilio bromius nerminae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. furvus); TL: Island of Sao Thomé, West Africa
  - Papilio bromius furvus Joicey & Talbot, 1926; Entomologist 59: 220 (preocc. Papilio furvus Goeze, 1779); TL: Sao Thome
  - Papilio (Druryia) bromius nerminae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nerminae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius furvus; [BAFR], 24 (text)
  - Papilio nerminae; [iNaturalist]
Papilio desmondi van Someren, 1939 -. See [maps] Desmond's green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio desmondi van Someren, 1939; J. E. Afr. Uganda nat. Hist. Soc. 14 (2) / (63): 132; TL: Kenya, Chyulu Range, 6800ft
- Papilio (Druryia) desmondi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) desmondi; [AfrL]
- Papilio desmondi; [BK], 113; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Vepris eugeniifolia, Teclea spp., Clausena sp., Zanthoxylum sp., Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp. [AfrL]
- P. d. desmondi SE.Kenya (Chyulu Hills)
  - Papilio (Druryia) desmondi desmondi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) desmondi desmondi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio desmondi desmondi; [BAFR], 25; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. magdae Gifford, 1961 N.Tanzania (Mt. Meru, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro Crater)
  - Papilio magdae Gifford, 1961; Entomologist 94: 287
  - Papilio brontes Godman, 1885; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 540 (preocc. Papilio brontes Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775); TL: [Kenya/Tanzania] Kilimanjaro, in forest country at 5000 ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) desmondi magdae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) desmondi magdae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio brontes; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 26 (text)
  - Papilio desmondi magdae; [BAFR], 25 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. teita van Someren, 1960 SE.Kenya (Teita Hills)
  - Papilio teita van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70; TL: [Kenya] Wandanyi-Mabida, Teita Range
  - Papilio (Druryia) desmondi teita; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) desmondi teita; [AfrL]
  - Papilio desmondi teita; [BAFR], 25 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. usambaraensis Koçak, 1980 Tanzania, N.Malawi, NE.Zambia
  - Papilio brontes usambaraensis Koçak, 1980; Nota lepid. 2 (4): 139 (repl. Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960); TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
  - Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69; TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
  - Papilio (Druryia) desmondi usambaraensis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) desmondi usambaraensis; [AfrL]
  - Papilio desmondi australis; [BAFR], 25 (text)
  - Papilio desmondi usambaraensis; [iNaturalist]
Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879 highland forests of (Kenya, Tanzania). See [maps] Horniman's swallowtail Hornimans green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 647, pl. 47, f. 1-3; TL: [Tanzania] Magila, East Africa
- Papilio (Druryia) hornimani; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) hornimani; [AfrL]
- Papilio hornimani hornimani; [BK], 112
- Papilio hornimani; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 11; [BAFR], 21; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Teclea [BK]
- P. h. hornimani Kenya, Tanzania
  - Papilio (Druryia) hornimani hornimani; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) hornimani hornimani; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hornimani hornimani; [iNaturalist]
- P. h. mwanihanae Kielland, 1987 Tanzania
  - Papilio hornimani mwanihanae Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87 (9-10): 122; TL: Tanzania, Kilombero, Sanje, 300m
  - Papilio (Druryia) hornimani mwanihanae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mwanihanae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hornimani mwanihanae; [iNaturalist]
- P. h. mbulu Kielland, 1990 Tanzania
  - Papilio hornimani mbulu Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 40; TL: Tanzania, Mbulu, Mamahisara, Hasama Forest, 2000m
  - Papilio (Druryia) hornimani mbulu; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mbulu; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hornimani mbulu; [iNaturalist]
Papilio interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995 Uganda, W.Kenya. See [maps] Van Someren's green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio (Princeps) interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995; Carcasson's African Butterflies: 150; TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
- Papilio interjecta van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70 (preocc. Papilio leucothoe var. interjectus Honrath, 1892); TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
- Papilio (Druryia) interjectana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) interjectana; [AfrL]
- Papilio interjecta; [BK], 112; [BAFR], 24
- Papilio interjectana; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 -. See [maps] Medium green-banded swallowtail
- Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3): 488; TL: Sierra Leone
- Papilio (Druryia) sosia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) sosia; [AfrL]
- Papilio sosia; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Teclea sp.?, Toddalia sp.?, Zanthoxylum gillesi, Citrus sp.? [AfrL]
- P. s. sosia Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, W.Cameroon
  - Papilio (Druryia) sosia sosia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) sosia sosia; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sosia sosia; [BAFR], 26; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. pulchra Berger, 1950 Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, N.Angola, Congo Republic
  - Papilio sosia pulchra Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 30; TL: Congo Republic, Stanleyville, Secteur de Basoka
  - Papilio sosia f. imitatrix Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 45; TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sosia ab. pristina Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 46; TL: [Congo] Etoumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sosia ?ab. atlantica Birket-Smith, 1960; Bull. I.F.A.N. (A) 22: 525; TL: French Cameroons, near the river Nyong just south of Makak station
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) sosia pulchra; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) sosia pulchra; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sosia pulchra; [BAFR], 26 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. s. debilis Storace, 1951 Uganda (forests up to 1200m), NW.Tanzania
  - Papilio sosia debilis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 47; TL: Bussa-Busoga, route Jinja-Iganga (Busoga), Kakindu, Butiaba (Lac Albert, Uganda), Forêt de Budongo, 1200m
  - Papilio (Druryia) sosia debilis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) sosia debilis; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sosia debilis; [BAFR], 26 (text); [iNaturalist]
Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900 -. See [maps]
- Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26 (8): 126; TL: [Tanzania] Ostafrika, auf der Route von Ubena nach Langenburg
- Papilio (Druruia) thuraui; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) thuraui; [AfrL]
- Papilio thuraui; [BAFR], 23; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Toddalia sp., T. asiatica [AfrL]
- P. t. thuraui S.Tanzania, N.Malawi
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui thuraui; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui thuraui; [AfrL]
  - Papilio thuraui thuraui; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. cyclopis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Malawi (Nyika Plateau), Zambia
  - Papilio thuraui cyclopis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3): 489; TL: [Malawi] Kasungu Mt., Nyika, Nyassaland, 7450ft
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui cyclopis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui cyclopis; [AfrL]
  - Papilio bromius cyclopis; [BAFR], 24 (text)
  - Papilio thuraui cyclopis; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. occidua Storace, 1951 Congo Republic (Kasai), Malawi, NE.Zambia
  - Papilio thuraui occidua Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 51; TL: Congo Belge, Kasai
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui occidua; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui occidua; [AfrL]
  - Papilio brontes occidentale[sic]; van Someren, 1960, Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69 (missp.)
  - Papilio desmondi occidua; [BAFR], 25 (text)
  - Papilio thuraui occidua; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. heathi (Hancock, 1984) Malawi?
  - Princeps (Druryia) thuraui occidua f. heathi Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (12): 205; TL: [Malawi] Mlanje
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui heathi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui heathi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio thuraui heathi; Hancock, 1993, 563; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. ngorongoro (Hancock, 1984) N.Tanzania
  - Princeps (Druryia) thuraui ngorongoro Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (12): 204; TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro Crater, 3° 15'S, 35° 30'E, NW of Lake Manyara
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui ngorongoro; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui ngorongoro; [AfrL]
  - Papilio thuraui ngorongoro; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. viphya (Hancock, 1984) Malawi?
  - Princeps (Druryia) thuraui f. viphya Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (12): 206; TL: Malawi, Musamba, Viphya, 1570m
  - Papilio (Druruia) thuraui viphya; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) thuraui viphya; [AfrL]
  - Papilio thuraui viphya; Hancock, 1993, 557; [iNaturalist]
Papilio ufipa Carcasson, 1961 SW.Tanzania (Ufipa). See [maps]
- Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1961; Occ. Pap. Coryndon meml Mus. (7): 3; TL: Mbisi forest, Sumbawanga, Ufipa, south-west Tangnayika
- Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1960; J. E. Africa nat. Hist. Soc. (Suppl. 6): 16 (nom. nud.)
- Papilio (Druryia) ufipa; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) ufipa; [AfrL]
- Papilio bromius ufipa; [BAFR], 24 (text)
- Papilio ufipa; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio microps Storace, 1951 Ethiopia, N.Somalia. See [maps]
- Papilio aethiops microps Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 52; TL: Shoa, Abyssinia centrale
- Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan, 1905; Novit. Zool. 12: 190 (preocc. Papilio aethiops Esper, 1777, Papilio aethiops Palisot de Beauvois, [1805]); TL: Wori to Gamitscha, Kaffa
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio aethiops ab. elicola Strand, 1911; Ent. Rundsch. 28: 140; TL: Abyssinien, Eli
- Papilio aethieps f. oribazoides Carpenter, 1935; Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 83: 331; TL: Abyssinia, Saki (Shaki) R., Mocha district, 7°26', 35°26', 5800ft
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio aethiops ab. ragazzii Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 40; TL: Scioa, Scitalit, torrente Mantec
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio aethiopsis Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 38 (repl. Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan)
- Papilio yildizae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio aetihops Rothschild & Jordan)
- Papilio (Druryia) microps; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) microps; [AfrL]
- Papilio aethiops; [BAFR], 23
- Papilio microps; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966 Angola. See [maps]
- Papilio nireus chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966; Archivos do Museu Bocage (2) 1: 163; TL: Roça Chitonde-Jungo-Novo Redondo
- Papilio (Druryia) chitondensis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) chitondensis; [AfrL]
- Papilio chitondensis; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The oribazus species-group

Oribazus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond]

Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836 E.Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 223; TL: Madagascar
- Druryia oribazus;
- Papilio (Druryia) oribazus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) oribazus; [MadL]; [AfrL]
- Papilio oribazus; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 24 (text), pl. 90, f. 11 (text); [BAFR], 21; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833 -. See [maps]
- Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (2): 161; TL: Sainte-Marie and Madagascar
- Druryia epiphorbas;
- Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas; [AfrL]
- Papilio epiphorbas; [BAFR], 21; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 8; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. epiphorbas Madagascar
  - Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. hova Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 386; TL: Tamatave
  - Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. oriphorbas Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 386; TL: Tananarive
  - Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas epiphorbas; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas epiphorbas; [MadL]; [AfrL]
  - Papilio epiphorbas epiphorbas; [AfrL]; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. guyonnaudi Turlin & Guilbot, 1990 Comoro I. (Anjouan)
  - Papilio epiphorbas guyonnaudi Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 214; TL: Ajaho, 50, Ile d'Anjouan, Comores
  - Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas guyonnaudi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas guyonnaudi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio epiphorbas guyonnaudi; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. praedicta Turlin & Guilbot, 1990 Comoro I. (Grand Comore)
  - Papilio epiphorbas praedicta Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 216; TL: Trou de Prophète, Mitsamiouli, Littoral nord de Grande Comore
  - Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas praedicta; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas praedicta; [AfrL]
  - Papilio epiphorbas praedicta; [iNaturalist]
Papilio phorbanta Linnaeus, 1771
- Papilio phorbanta Linnaeus, 1771; Mantissa Plant. 2: 535; TL: [Reunion]
- Papilio (Druryia) phorbanta; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta; [AfrL]
- Papilio phorbanta; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- P. p. phorbanta Reunion
  - Papilio disparilis Boisduval, 1833; Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (2): 163; TL: Bourbon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) phorbanta phorbanta; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta phorbanta; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorbanta phorbanta; [BAFR], 21; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. nana Oberthür, 1879 Seychelles Is.
  - Papilio disparilis var. nana Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 54
  - Papilio (Druryia) phorbanta nana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorbanta nana; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorbanta nana; [BAFR], 21 (text); [iNaturalist]
Papilio manlius Fabricius, 1798 Mauritius
- Papilio manlius Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 422; TL: Isle de France
- Papilio (Druryia) manlius; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) manlius; [AfrL]
- Papilio manlius; [BAFR], 22; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The cynorta species-group

Cynorta; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793 Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [maps] Mimetic swallowtail
- Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 37
- Papilio zeryntius Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 370; TL: Sierra Leone
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio boisduvallianus Westwood, 1842; Arcana entomologica, 1: 151; TL: Sierra Leone
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta norcyta Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 94; TL: Togo
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio gallienus peculiaris Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11: 342; TL: [Uganda] Entebbe
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio triptolemus Ehrmann, 1918; Lepid. Forest Hills 2: 21; TL: [Uganda] Bujaka
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta f. lavochrea Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 391; TL: Cameroon, Bitje, Ja River, 2,000ft
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta f. ochrospila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 392; TL: Congo Belge oriental, Forest between Epuru, E. side, and Ituri River
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta f. acraeamimus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15; TL: [Uganda] Mabira Forest
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta f. albofurculatus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta ♀-f. parageoides Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2]; TL: Uganda Protectorate
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta cynorta f. agayana Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 20
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta cynorta f. bwambensis Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 20
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Druryia cynorta;
- Papilio (Druryia) cynorta; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) cynorta; [AfrL]
- Papilio cynorta cynorta; [BAFR], 34
- Papilio cynorta; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 25; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Female mimics Acraea epaea.[BK]

Larva on Clausena sp., Vepris sp., Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp., Fagara sp., Teclea sp. [AfrL]
Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995 SW.Ethiopia. See [maps]
- Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995; Carcasson's African Butterflies: 139 (repl. arnoldi Poulton, 1925)
- Papilio cynorta arnoldi Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 49, pl. D, f. 8 (preocc. Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909)
- Papilio (Druryia) arnoldiana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) arnoldiana; [AfrL]
- Papilio arnoldiana; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio cynorta arnoldi; [BAFR], 34 (text)
Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898 E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R, Congo Republic (Mongala, Uele, Ituri), S.Sudan, Uganda. See [maps] Mountain mimetic swallowtail
- Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898; Ent. Tidskr. 19: 183; TL: Congogebiet, Sassa am oberen Ubangi
- Papilio (Druryia) plagiatus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) plagiatus; [AfrL]
- Papilio plagiatus; [BAFR], 36; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 25 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775 Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Congo Republic, W.Uganda. See [maps] Volta swallowtail (for nobicea) Zenobia swallowtail
- Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 503; TL: Sierra Leon
- Papilio messalina Stoll, [1790]; Aanhangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 125; TL: "Land der Caffers" [error]
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio odenatus Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 96, pl. 3, f. 3-4; TL: Old Calabar
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio zenobia nobicea Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 94; TL: Togo
- Papilio zenobia f. amygdaliferus Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30 (9): 49; TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Sta Isabel, Basilé
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio zenobia ab. infrapicta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2): 23; TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span Guinea, Nkolentangen
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Druryia zenobia;
- Papilio (Druryia) zenobia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) nobicea; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Princeps) zenobia; [AfrL]
- Papilio nobicea; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio zenobia; [BAFR], 33; [BOW]: pl. 91, f. 3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio zenobia ab. nobicea;
- Papilio zenobia f. nobicea; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Larva on Piper umbellatum, Piper sp. [AfrL]
Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868 -. See [maps] Common white-banded swallowtail
- Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868; Ent. mon. Mag. 5: 60; TL: [Ghana] Ashantee
- ?Papilio zenobius Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 74 (?preocc. Papilio zenobia Fabricius)
- Papilio (Druryia) cyproeofila; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila; [AfrL]
- Papilio cypraeofila[sic];
- Papilio cyproeofila; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Piper sp. [AfrL]
- P. c. cyproeofila Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, W.Nigeria
  - Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila cyproeofila; [AfrL]
  - Papilio cyproeofila cyproeofila; [BAFR], 33; [iNaturalist]
Papilio fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903 -. See [maps]
- Papilio cypraeafila[sic] fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Stettin ent. Ztg 64 (2): 360
- Papilio cyproeofila fernandus f. fumigatus Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 317; TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Druryia) fernandus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) fernandus; [AfrL]
- Papilio cyproeofila fernandus; [BAFR], 33 (text)
- Papilio fernandus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. praecyola Suffert, 1904 E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R
  - Papilio cypraeafila[sic] praecyola Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 94; TL: Camerun
  - Papilio (Druryia) fernandus praecyola; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila praecyola; [AfrL]
  - Papilio cyproeofila praecyola; [iNaturalist]
Papilio filaprae Suffert, 1904 -. See [maps]
- Papilio cypraeafila[sic] filaprae Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 94; TL: Camerun, Barombi-Station
- Papilio (Druryia) filaprae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) filaprae; [AfrL]
- Papilio cyproeofila filaprae; [BAFR], 33 (text)
- Papilio filaprae; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. filaprae SE.Cameroon, Congo, SW.Congo Republic, Angola
  - Papilio cyraeofila[sic] f. lactifascia Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 390; TL: [Cameroon] Bitje, Ja River, 2000ft
  - Papilio (Druryia) filaprae filaprae; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) filaprae filaprae; [AfrL]
  - Papilio filaprae filaprae; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. musolanus (Hancock, 1988) Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), W.Cameroon
  - Princeps filaprae musolanus Hancock, 1988; Papilio International 5 (1): 302 (repl.?); TL: Fernando Po
  - Papilio cypraeofila[sic] f. insularis Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30 (9): 49 (preocc. Papilio agetes insularis Staudinger, 1895); TL: Fernando Po
  - Papilio (Druryia) filaprae musolanus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) filaprae musolanus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio filaprae musolanus; [iNaturalist]
Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879 Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Congo, C.Congo Republic of Congo. See [maps] Narrow-banded swallowtail
- Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 649; TL: [Nigeria] Isubu, Mongu-ma-lobah and Calabar district
- Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: Congo
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. ochreata Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo, Congo Belge
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio gallienus ab. hulstaerti Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 46; TL: [Congo Republic] Flandria, Distr. Tshuapa
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Druryia) gallienus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) gallienus; [AfrL]
- Papilio gallienus; [BAFR], 30; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 9; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881 -. See [maps]
- Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881; Berl. ent. Z. 25: 286; TL: Westafrika, Quango
- Druryia mechowi;
- Papilio (Druryia) mechowi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) mechowi; [AfrL]
- Papilio mechowi; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. mechowi Cameroon, Congo, C.A.R, S.Sudan (around Tambura), Uganda, Congo Republic, Angola
  - Paplio mechowi mechowi ab. albomaculata Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 45; TL: Kapanga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) mechowi mechowi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mechowi mechowi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mechowi mechowi; [BAFR], 32; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. whitnalli Neave, 1904 C.Uganda, E.Uganda
  - Papilio gallienus whitnalli Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11: 342; TL: Entebbe
  - Papilio (Druryia) mechowi whitnalli; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) mechowi whitnalli; [AfrL]
  - Papilio mechowi whitnalli; [BAFR], 32 (text); [iNaturalist]
Papilio mechowiana Dewitz, 1885 N.Angola, Congo Republic, C.A.R, Sudan?. See [maps]
- Papilio cypraeafila var. mechowiana Dewitz, 1885; Ent. Nachr. 11 (20): 305; TL: Niam Niam Ländern
- Papilio andoclides Grose-Smith, 1900; Rhop. Exot. [1] 3: (Papilio) 47, pl. 20, f. 1-2; TL: Upper Congo, Stanley Falls
  - = Papilio mechowianus; [AfrL]
- Papilio mechowianus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: Congo Belge, sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo
  - = Papilio mechowianus; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Druryia) mechowianus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) mechowianus; [AfrL]
- Papilio mechowiana; [CoL]
- Papilio mechowianus; [BAFR], 34; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 20; [iNaturalist]
Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871 Cameroon. See [maps]
- Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871; Ent. mon. Mag. 8: 121; TL: Cameroon
- Papilio chionicus Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38 (4): 370; TL: Barombi Station
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Druryia) andronicus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) andronicus; [AfrL]
- Papilio andronicus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 20 (text); [BAFR], 33; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio maesseni Berger, 1974 Ghana, Togo. See [maps]
- Papilio (Druryia) maesseni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio maesseni; [CoL]

The echerioides species-group

Echerioides; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868 -. See [maps] White-Banded swallowtail
- Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868 (1): 72; TL: Perie Bush, Sogana and Boolo forests near the river Tsomo, in Kaffraria; Tunjumbili, Tugela frontier of Natal
- Druryia echerioides;
- Papilio (Druryia) echerioides; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) echerioides; [AfrL]
- Papilio echerioides; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 6, 7; [BK], 115; [PBSA]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Larva on Clausena inaequalis, Toddalia lanceolata, Fagara capensis [PBSA], Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum delagoense, Vepris lanceolata, Citrus sp. [AfrL]
- P. e. echerioides South Africa, Swaziland
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides echerioides; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides echerioides; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides echerioides; [BAFR], 36; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. zoroastres Druce, 1878 Cameroun (highlands)
  - Papilio zoroastres Druce, 1878; Ent. mon. Mag. 14: 226; TL: [Cameroon] "Fernando Po" [error]
  - Papilio preussius Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38 (4): 368; TL: Buea-Gebirge, 2100m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres ab. zoroastroides Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 159; TL: Kamerun, Mussahe
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres ab. sapponis Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 159; TL: Kamerun, Soppo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres barnsi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152 (preocc. Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924); TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres gabrieli Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 319 (repl. Papilio zoroaster barnsi Gabriel, 1945); TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides zoroastres; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides zoroastres; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides zoroastres; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio zoroastres barnsi; [BAFR], 38 (text)
  - Papilio zoroastres gabrieli; Canu, 1994, Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 316 (fem. descr.)
  - Papilio zoroastres zoroastres; [BAFR], 38 (text)
  - Papilio zoroastres; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 6 (text), f. 12 (text)
- P. e. homeyeri Plötz, 1880 Angola, Congo Republic (Lomami, Shaba, Lualaba, Tanganika), SW.Tanzania, N.Zambia
  - Papilio homeyeri Plötz, 1880; Stettin ent. Ztg 41 (7-9): 306; TL: [Angola] Pungo-Adongo
  - Papilio neumanni Karsch, 1895; Ent. Nachr. 21 (15): 226; TL: Geri (Ssubuso)
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio tanganikae Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897: 190; TL: aux bords du lac Tanganikae
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. zoroastrides Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, pl. 13, f. 14; TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. subtanganikae Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 24, pl. 13, f. 15; TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides homeyeri; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides homeyeri; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides homeyeri; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio zoroastres homeyeri; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 12 (text)
- P. e. wertheri Karsch, 1898 E.Kenya, E.Tanzania, N.Tanzania
  - Papilio echerioides var. wertheri Karsch, 1898; in Werther, Die mittleren Hochländer der nördlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika: 315; TL: Tanzania, Mangati
  - Papilio echerioides rideschi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 93; TL: Modji an Fusse des Kilima-Ndjaro
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides rectofasciata Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39; TL: Tanzania, Oldeani, 1900m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides wertheri; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides wertheri; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides wertheri; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. e. leucospilus Rothschild, 1902 Ethiopia (highlands SE of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio echerioides leucospilus Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9: 598; TL: Ethiopia, Gara Mulata near Harar
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides leucospilus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides leucospilus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides leucospilus; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. e. oscari Rothschild, 1902 S.Ethiopia (highlands, W of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio echerioides oscari Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9: 597; TL: Kaffa and Djima
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides oscari; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides oscari; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides oscari; [BAFR], 36; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. joiceyi Gabriel, 1945 Sudan, Uganda, W.Kenya, W.Tanzania, Rwanda, Congo Republic(N.Kivu) Zoroaster Swallowtail
  - Papilio zoroastres joiceyi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152; TL: S. Sudan, Opare Forest and Imatong Mts., 3-4000ft
  - Papilio zoroastres ♀-f. pallidochrea Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2]; TL: Western Kenya Colony, Mount Elgon
    
    = Papilio escherioides joiceyi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides joiceyi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides joiceyi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides joiceyi; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio zoroastres joiceyi; [BAFR], 38; [BK], 115
  Larva on Rutaceae [BK], Teclea sp. [AfrL]
- P. e. chirindanus van Son, 1956 Mozambique (Mt. Gorongosa), E.Zimbabwe
  - Papilio echerioides chirindanus van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22 (4): 504; TL: S. Rhodesia, Mount Selinda
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides chirindanus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides chirindanus; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides chirindanus; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. e. nyiro Carcasson, 1962 NW.Kenya (Mt. Nyiru)
  - Papilio echerioides nyiro Carcasson, 1962; J. E. Africa Nat. Hist. Soc. Coryndon Mus. 24 (105): 62; TL: Northern Frontier District, Mt. Nyiro, 7000ft
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides nyiro; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nyiro; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides nyiro; [BAFR], 36; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. shirensis (Hancock, 1987) Malawi
  - Princeps echerioides shirensis Hancock, 1987; Papilio International 3: 193; TL: Mlanje, 2000'
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides shirensis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides shirensis; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides shirensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. nioka (Hancock, 1989) Congo Republic (Ituri)
  - Princeps echerioides nioka Hancock, 1989; Papilio International 5 (3): 369; TL: Nioka, Ituri district
  - Papilio zoroastres joycei ?f. nioka Berger, 1974; Lambillionea 72-73: 70; TL: Kibali-Ituri: Nioka
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides nioka; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nioka; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides nioka; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990 E.Tanzania, SE.Tanzania
  - Papilio echerioides pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39; TL: Ulanga District, Muhulu Forest, 1500m
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides pseudowertheri; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides pseudowertheri; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides pseudowertheri; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997 Tanzania
  - Papilio echerioides ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44; TL: Tanzania, Ambagulu, West Usamabara
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides ambangulu; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides ambangulu; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides ambangulu; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997 S.Kenya, N.Tanzania
  - Papilio echerioides kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44; TL: Tanazania, Kingarama Forest Reserve, Loliondo
  - Papilio (Druryia) echerioides kiellandi; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) echerioides kiellandi; [AfrL]
  - Papilio echerioides kiellandi; [iNaturalist]
Papilio fuelleborni Karsch, 1900 -. See [maps]
- Papilio fülleborni Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26 (23): 353; TL: zwischen Uhehe und Iringa; zwischen Idunda und Iringa in Uhehe
- Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni; [AfrL]
- Papilio fuelleborni; [BAFR], 36; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio fulleborni[sic]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 8 (text)
Larva on Clausena sp. [AfrL]
- P. f. fuelleborni E.Tanzania, S.Tanzania, N.Malawi
  - Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni fuelleborni; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1357; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni fuelleborni; [AfrL]
  - Papilio fuelleborni fuelleborni; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. rydoni Kielland, 1987 NE.Tanzania
  - Papilio fülleborni rydoni Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87 (9-10): 118; TL: Morogoro, Uluguru Mts, Bondwa Mt, 2100m
  - Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni rydoni; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1357; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni rydoni; [AfrL]
  - Papilio fuelleborni rydoni; [iNaturalist]
Papilio sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908 -. See [maps]
- Papilio sjöstedti [= sjoestedti] Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13: 15; TL: German East Africa, Meruberg
- Papilio sjoestedti; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio sjostedti[sic, sjoestedti]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 8 (text)
- P. s. sjoestedti N.Tanzania
  - Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni sjoestedti; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Druryia) sjoestedti sjoestedti; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1358
  - Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni sjoestedti; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sjoestedti sjoestedti; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio sjostedti sjostedti[sic, sjoestedti]; [BAFR], 38
- P. s. atavus Le Cerf, 1912 N.Tanzania
  - Papilio sjöstedti var. atavus Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 336; TL: N.Tanzania (Mt. Kilimanjaro)
  - Papilio fuelleborni neocesa Kemal & Koçak, 2005; Centr. Ent. Stud. Misc. Pap. 91-92: 10 (nom. nov.)
    
    = ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1359
  - Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni atavus; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Druryia) schoestedti atavus; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1359
  - Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni neocesa; [AfrL]
  - Papilio sjoestedti atavus; Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2011, 2389; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio sjostedti atavus; [BAFR], 38
Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891 -. See [maps] Jackson's swallowtail
- Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1891: 188, pl. 17, f. 1-2; TL: [Kenya] Kikuyu
- Druryia jacksoni;
- Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni; [AfrL]
- Papilio jacksoni jacksoni; [BK], 115
- Papilio jacksoni; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 12; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Female mimics Amauris echeria and relatives.[BK]

Larva on Clausena , Toddalia [BK], Clausena anisata [AfrL]
- P. j. jacksoni Kenya (highlands), E.Uganda
  - Papilio jacksoni ♀-f. multimaculata Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 19
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni jacksoni; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni jacksoni; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni jacksoni; [BAFR], 36; [iNaturalist]
- P. j. ruandana Le Cerf, 1924 Zaire (Kivu), E.Uganda (L. Mobutu Sese Soko), Rwanda, Burundi
  - Papilio jacksoni ruandana Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 393; TL: Congo belge oriental, Masisi, N.W. Kivu, 5,000ft
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni ruandana; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni ruandana; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni ruandana; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. j. hecqui Berger, 1954 NE.Zaire (NW shore of L. Mobutu Sese Soko)
  - Papilio jacksoni hecqui Berger, 1954; Lambillionea 54: 93; TL: Kibale-Ituri, Nioka
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni hecqui; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni hecqui; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni hecki[sic]; Kielland, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 (4): 159 (missp.)
  - Papilio jacksoni hecqui; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. j. kungwe Cottrell, 1963 W.Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahale Mts.)
  - Papilio jacksoni kungwe Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32 (7-8): 127; TL: Tanganyika, western Province, Mt. Kungwe
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni kungwe; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni kungwe; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni kungwe; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. j. nyika Cottrell, 1963 N.Malawi (Nyika Plaetau), E.Zambia (Nyika plateau)
  - Papilio jacksoni nyika Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32 (7-8): 127; TL: Nyassaland, Nyika Plateau, and Northern Rhodesia border
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni nyika; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni nyika; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni nyika; [BAFR], 36 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. j. imatonga Clifton & Collins, 1997 SW.Sudan (Imatong Mts.)
  - Papilio jacksoni imatonga Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44; TL: Sudan, Imagong Mountains
  - Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni imatonga; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni imatonga; [AfrL]
  - Papilio jacksoni imatonga; [iNaturalist]

Subgenus Princeps Hübner, [1807]

Princeps Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [116]; TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Menelaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84; TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85; TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Orpheides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86 (suppr. ICZN Op. 178 to Princeps Hübner, [1807]); TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Nestorides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86; TS: Papilio gambrisius Cramer
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Iliades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88; TS: Papilio memnon Linnaeus
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Harimala Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145; TS: Papilio crino Fabricius
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Charus Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149; TS: Papilio helenus Linnaeus
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Sarbaria Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1): 258; TS: Papilio polyctor Boisduval
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Sainia Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1): 260; TS: Papilio protenor Cramer
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Araminta Moore, 1886; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 21 (1): 50; TS: Papilio demolion Cramer
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Panosmiopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt.II (4): 374; TS: Papilio rhetenor Westwood
Pangeranopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt.II (4): 374; TS: Papilio elephenor Doubleday
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Tamera Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284; TS: Papilio castor Westwood
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Sadengia Moore, 1902; Lepidoptera Indica 5: 213; TS: Papilio nephelus Boisduval
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Heterocreon Kirby, [1904]; in Hübner, Samml. exot. Schmett. (Wytsman's facsim.), Additional Notes: 101; TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Mimbyasa Evans, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (3): 972; TS: Papilio janaka Moore
- = Princeps; [AfrL]
Agehana Matsumura, 1936; Insecta Matsumurana 10 (3): 86; TS: Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan
Eleppone Hancock, 1979; Aust. ent. Mag. 6 (3): 49; TS: Papilio anactus MacLeay

Subgenus Agehana (Pterourus); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 5
Achillides (Papilionini); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]
Agehana; [NHM-BMW]
Araminta; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Charus; [NHM-BMW]
Eleppone; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Harimala; [NHM-BMW]
Harimala (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145
Heterocreon; [NHM-BMW]
Iliades; [NHM-BMW]
Iliades (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 147
Menelaides; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Menelaides (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 151
Menelaides (Papilionini); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Mimbyasa; [NHM-BMW]
Nestorides; [NHM-BMW]
Orpheides; [NHM-BMW]
Orpheides (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 146
Pangeranopsis; [NHM-BMW]
Panosmiopsis; [NHM-BMW]
Princeps; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW] ; [NHM-BMW]
Princeps (Papilio); [AfrL]
Sadengia; [NHM-BMW]
Sainia; [NHM-BMW]
Sarbaria; [NHM-BMW] ; [NHM-BMW]
Tamera; [NHM-BMW]

The dardanus species-group

group Phorcas; (part)

group Dardanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
group Demodocus; [AfrL]
group Demoleus; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 175-203

Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776 -. See [maps] Mocker Swallowtail Flying Handkerchief
- Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776; New Illust. Zool.: 51; TL: [West Africa]
- Papilio (Princeps) dardanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio dardanus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 1-3; [BK], 109; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps dardanus;
Females mimic various Danaids, Acraeids, chiefly Amauris niavius, Danaus chrysippus,Amauris echeria-group, Acraea poggei.[BK]

Larva on Vepris lanceolata, V. undulata, V. eugeniifolia, Toddalia asiatica, Oricia swynnertoni, O. bachmannii, Clausena anisata, Citrus sp., Teclea simplicifolia, T. nobilis, T. stuhlmanni, T. villosa, T. natalensis, Xymalos monospora, Calodendrum capense, Zanthoxylum sp. [AfrL]
- P. d. dardanus Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda (excluding western shores of Lake Victoria), W.Kenya, N.Zambia
  - Papilio merope Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 87 (preocc. Papilio merope Frabricius, 1775); TL: [West Africa] "Java and Amboina" [error]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio brutus Fabricius, 1781; Spec. Ins. 2: 13 (preocc. Papilio brutus Cramer, 1779); TL: [West Africa] "in Africa aequinoctiali"
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hippocoon Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 38; TL: Sierra Leon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio westermannii Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 372; TL: Côté de Guinée
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio trophonius Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 38; TL: Tropical Western Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dionysos Doubleday, 1846; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): pl. 4, (1):20; TL: Western Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ab. ♀ niobe Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 465
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ab. ♀ nioboides Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 465
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus heimsi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 90; TL: Cameroon, Victoria
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus benio Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 91; TL: Cameroon, Barombi station; Angola [Kabinda], Chinchoxo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀ f. trophonissa Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 2; TL: von der Gegend des Ituri-Flusses im östlichen Teil des Kongostaates
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanaus polytrophus ♀ f. alluaudi Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 141; TL: Uganda occidentale, province de Toro
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♂-f. latemarginatus Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30 (9): 49; TL: San Carlos Süd
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. sirius Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 23
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ab. crocotus Poulton, 1923; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1923: xlvii; TL: Forêt du Poste de Borabo, Haut Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire; "Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. ceneispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 374; TL: Uganda
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus f. fagerskioldi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 13; TL: Uganda, Mpolegoma
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. divisa Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165; TL: Cameroon, Edéa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. bipunctata Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ab. paradoxa Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Republic, Luébo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. completa Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. subpunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. dawanti Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. impunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. jottrandi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 102; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus ♀-f. extrema Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus f. semimelas Basquin & Turlin, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. (49): 22; TL: C.A.R, Bangui
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ab. obscura McLeod & McLeod, 2004; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 116 (2): 60
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus dardanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus dardanus; [BAFR], 10 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio hippocoon; Hewitson, 1869, Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio X-XII): [22], pl. [12]
- P. d. sulfurea Palisot de Beauvois, 1806 São Tome and Principe
  - Papilio sulfurea Palisot de Beauvois, 1806; Ins. Afr. Amer.: 46, pl. 1; TL: Isle-du-Prince
  - Papilio dardanus storacei Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 314; TL: Central Bioko, 1500m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus sulphureus Bernardi, Pierre & Nguyen, 1985; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 90 (1-4): 1109 (emend.?, lapsus?)
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus sulfurea; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus sulfurea; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. antinorii Oberthür, 1883 Ethiopia (highlands)
  - Papilio antinorii Oberthür, 1883; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 18: 711; TL: Abissinia, Feleklek and Sciotalit
  - Papilio antinorii f.ab. niavioides Kheil, 1890; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 3: 335; TL: Abessynien, Korata am Tana-See
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio antinorii f.ab. ruspinae Kheil, 1890; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 3: 336; TL: Abessynien, Korata am Tana-See
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii var. alticola Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 141; TL: Abyssinie, Yumbo, province de Gaba, 1485m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus hodsoni Poulton, 1926; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1: 6; TL: S.W. Abyssinia, Got River, 1700 ft, Apeny River, 1700 ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus hodsoni ♀-f. weinholti Poulton, 1927; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 2: 10; TL: Gore, 6600ft, W. Abyssinia
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. zaoditou Ungemach, 1932; Mém. Soc. Sci. nat. phys. Maroc 32: 18; TL: Ethiopia, Oumbi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii ♀-f. alameitu Gabriel, 1949; Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 18 (11-12): 212; TL: Abyssinia, Wallega Valley, Ghedo, 7000 ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♂-f. conjunctiflava Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 12; TL: South-west Abyssinia
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii ab. seriata Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 93: 28; TL: Etiopia centrale, Scioa (zona di Ancòber), Mantek
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. immaculata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Awasa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. extensinigra Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Yabelo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. obsoleta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Bonga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. ornata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch"
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. rufomaculata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. aurantiaca Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Metu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. aperta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Guebre Mengist
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. depuncta Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Bedele
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. obscura Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Arba Minch
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. parvicaudata Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. cenaeoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Bedele
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. streckerioides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Metu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. lambornieoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. niobeoides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Hossana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii f.m. salaamioides Mollet, 1975; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 38; TL: Ethiopia, Bonga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus antinorii; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii; [BAFR], 10 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio merope antinorii var. niavina[sic, niavioides]; Haase, 1893, Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (8): 46, (1): pl. 1, f. 2-3
- P. d. byatti Poulton, 1926 N.Somalia (highlands)
  - Papilio dardanus byatti Poulton, 1926; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1: xlv [45]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus byatti; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus byatti; [BAFR], 10 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. cenea Stoll, [1790] S.Mozambique, E.Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland
  - Papilio cenea Stoll, [1790]; Aanhangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 134; TL: "Päis des Caffres"
  - Danais rechila Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 183; TL: "Cafrerie"
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - cephonius Hopffer, 1866; Stettin ent. Ztg 27 (1-3): 132
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio merope tibullus var. hippocoonides Haase, 1891; Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (2): 70; TL: "Cap."
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio cenea acene Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 92; TL: Transvaal
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. leighi Poulton, 1911; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911: xxxviii [38]; TL: Natal; [Kenya] Unyori, N.E. of Kisumu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. radiata Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 23
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus-cenea ♀-f. natalica Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 377; TL: Mozambique, Delagoa Bay
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus-cenea ♀-f. hypolimnides Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 377; TL: West Pondoland
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus-cenea ♂-f.indiv. extensiflava Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 378; TL: Natal
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea f. sylvicola van Son, 1949; Transv. Mus. Mem. 3: 11; TL: Malta Forest, Pietersburg district, Transvaal; King William's Town; Mozambique, Delegoa Bay
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. neocenea Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 10; TL: South Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. nigricans Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 124; TL: Africa australe
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. transiens Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 124; TL: Natal
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. aikeni van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22 (4): 503; TL: N. Transvaal, Woodbush, Pietersburg District
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. infuscata van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22 (4): 503; TL: Durban
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus cenea; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea; [BAFR], 10; [PBSA]; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. leighi; [BAFR], 10, fig.
  - Papilio trophonis Aurivillius?;
  - ?Papilio dardanus cenea ♀-f. trophonis; [BAFR], 10, fig.
  Larva on Xymalos monospora, Teclea swynnertoni, Vepris lanceolata, Toddalia aculeata, T. natalensis, Clausena inaequalis, Citrus [PBSA]
- P. d. figinii Storace, 1962 Eritrea (highlands)
  - Papilio dardanus figinii Storace, 1962; Doriana 3 (129): 2; TL: Eritrea centrale, Dorfù, m. 1500 s.l.m. (Zona delle pendici orientali, presso Asmara)
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii ♀-f. vaccaroi Storace, 1947; Ann. Mus. Civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 63: 116; TL: Eritrea, Dorfù, m. 1500 s.m. (presso Asmara)
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus antinorii ♀-f. protoniavioides Storace, 1962; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 72; TL: Dorfù in Eritrea (zona delle pendici orientali, presso Asmara, m. 1500 s.l.m.)
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus figinii ♀-f. protomima Storace, 1962; Doriana 3 (120): 3; TL: orientale eritree presso Asmara (Dorfù) [Ethiopia]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus figinii; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus figinii; [BAFR], 10 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. flavicornis Carpenter, 1947 N.Kenya (Mt. Kulal)
  - Papilio dardanus flavicornis Carpenter, 1947; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16 (5-6): 55
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus flavicornis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus flavicornis; [BAFR], 11 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. humbloti Oberthür, 1888 Comoro Is.
  - Papilio dardanus humbloti Oberthür, 1888; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 8: 40; TL: Grande-Comoro
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus humbloti; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus humbloti; [BAFR], 11
  - Papilio humbloti; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. meriones C. & R. Felder, 1865 Madagascar
  - Papilio meriones C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 95; TL: [Madagascar] Region de Toamasina
  - Papilio dardanus-meriones ♂-f.indiv. palaeotypus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 379; TL: Madagascar, Maroansetra
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus meriones; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus meriones; [AfrL]; [BAFR], 11; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio meriones; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. meseres Carpenter, 1948 Uganda, NW.Kenya, Tanzania (W, S, SE shores of Lake Victoria)
  - Papilio dardanus meseres Carpenter, 1948; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17 (1-2): 14; TL: Kenya Colony, South Kavirondo, Suna
  - Papilio merope ♀-f. planemoides Trimen, 1904; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1903: xli [41]; TL: Kavirondo-Nandi district of the Uganda British Protectorate; Angola
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. dionysoides Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 1; TL: Kibara, von der Insel Ukerewe in Victoria Nyanza
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀ f. pemtolipus Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 2; TL: Kibara
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. mixtus Aurivillius, 1907; Ark. Zool. 3 (23): 4; TL: Ost-Afrika [N.E. of Nyanza]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. acenides Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 375; TL: Tanzania, Mabira Forest; Uganda
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. swynnertoni Poulton, 1929; Trans. R. ent. Soc. 77: 500; TL: Unyori (Nyangori), N.E. of Kisumu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. carpenteri Poulton, 1929; Trans. R. ent. Soc. 77: 500; TL: Kakindu Hill, Tang. Terr., in Lat. 1° 10'S., long. 31° 30'E, about 30 miles W. of the Victoria Nyanza; Uganda
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♂-f. xanthocaudatus Stoneham, 1932; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (13): 1; TL: Kitale
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. hippocoonatus Stoneham, 1933; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (15): [2]; TL: Kenya Colony, Kitale
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. dominicanoides Stoneham, 1933; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (15): [2]; TL: Kenya Colony, Soy
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. planematus Stoneham, 1934; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (19): [2]; TL: Kenya Colony, Kakamega Forest
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. epiplanemoides Stoneham, 1934; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (19): [2]; TL: Kenya Colony, Kakamega Forest
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus xanthocaudatus ♀-f. briani Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2]; TL: Kenya Colony, Kitale
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus meseres; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio bootes mixta; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dardanus meseres; [BAFR], 11 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. d. ochraceana Vane-Wright, 1995 N.Kenya (Mt. Marsabit, Mt. Nyiru)
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus ochraceana Vane-Wright, 1995; Carcasson's African Butterflies: 144; TL: Marsabit
  - Papilio dardanus ochracea Carpenter, 1948; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 17 (1-2): 16 (preocc. _Papilio woodfordi var. ochracea Ribbe, 1897); TL: Marsabit
  - Papilio dardanus cenea ochracea ♀-f. ochracea Poulton, 1924; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1924: xxvii [27]; TL: Marsabit, S.E. of Lake Rudolph
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ochracea ♀-f. atavica Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 123; TL: Marsabit, 4500 piedi, Northern Frontier District, Chenia
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ochracea f. hippocoonides; [BAFR], 11, fig. (f.form)
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus ochraceana; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus ochracea; [BAFR], 11
  - Papilio dardanus ochracea f. ochracea; [BAFR], 11, fig. (f.form)
  - Papilio dardanus ochraceana; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. tibullus Kirby, 1880 E.Kenya, E.Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
  - Papilio tibullus Kirby, 1880; Proc. R. Dublin Soc. (2) 2: 339; TL: Zanzibar
  - Papilio cenea maculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 91; TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio cenea discopunctatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 92; TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio cenea salaami Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 92; TL: Dar-es-Salaam
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio boosi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 89; TL: Dar-es-Salam
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. trimeni Poulton, 1906; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1906 (2): 283; TL: Zanzibar; Kikuyu Escarpment, B.E. Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus var. tibullus ab. gomia Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 121; TL: Gomja
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus tibullus ♀-f. lamborni Poulton, 1918; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1917 (2-4): 335; TL: Ufiomi, 35° 50'E, 4° 16'S
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. mombasicus Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 3; TL: Protectorate of Kenya, Mombasa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. melanoleuca Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 8; TL: Bamburi, Kenya Coast
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus tibullus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus tibullus; [BAFR], 11; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. polytrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Kenya (highlands, E of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3): 488; TL: Kikuyu Escarpment, British East Africa
  - Papilio dardanus tibullus ♀-f. dorippoides Trimen, 1909; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1908 (3): 554; TL: Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. speciosa Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 290; TL: Afrique orientale anglaise, Kijabé, 2100 m, dans le Kikuyu Escarpment
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. jeanneli Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 290; TL: Afrique orientale anglaise, Kijabé, 2100 m, dans le Kikuyu Escarpment
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. punctimargo Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912: 336; TL: Afrique orientale allemande, Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. hippocooninus Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 23
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. albescens Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 23
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. nigrescens Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 23
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. acenoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 24
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. trophonoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 24
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. mixtoides Reuss, 1921; Ent. Rundsch. 38 (5): 24
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. protocenea Bryk & Peebles, 1932; Mitt. Dt. Ent. Ges. 3: 10; TL: Elmenteita, Kenya Colony
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus var. polytrophus f. astarte Bryk & Peebles, 1932; Mitt. Dt. Ent. Ges. 3: 10; TL: Elmenteita, Kenya Colony
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♂-f. nairobianus Stoneham, 1932; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (13): 2; TL: Kenya Colony, Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. poultoni Ford, 1936; Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 85: 465; TL: Kenya Colony, Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus nairobianus ♀-f. akechia Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 8; TL: Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus nairobianus ♀-f. neria Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 8
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. millari Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 9
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. babingtonia Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 9
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus nairobianus ♀-f. akechiana Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 10
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus nairobianus ♀-f. neriana Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 11
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. harmonia Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 11
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus ♀-f. ariadne Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 11
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. hippocoonides; [BAFR], 11, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. protohippocoonides; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. prototrophonius; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. protosalaami; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. planemoides; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. protoplanemoides; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. swynnertoni; [BAFR], 12, fig.
  - Papilio (Princeps) dardanus polytrophus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus; [BAFR], 12; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dardanus polytrophus ♀-f. protocenea; [BAFR], 12, fig.
Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871 -. See [maps] Constantine's swallowtail
- Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871; Ent. mon. Mag. 8: 34; TL: Ribé, East Africa
- Papilio (Princeps) constantinus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio constantinus; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 22; [BK], 111; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps constantinus;
Larva on Clausena spp., C. anisata, Vepris reflexa, V. undulata, V. lanceolata, Citrus sp., Teclea trifoliatum, T. nobilis, T. gerrardii [AfrL]
- P. c. constantinus Natal, Transvaal, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya (coastal), S.Somalia, SE.Ethiopia
  - Papilio constantinus f. chrysothemis Stoneham, 1931; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (3): 1; TL: Kibwezi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) constantinus constantinus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio constantinus constantinus; [BAFR], 14; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. lecerfi Koçak, 1996 Kenya (central highlands, Mau Escarpment)
  - Papilio constantinus lecerfi Koçak, 1996; Centre Ent. Stud. Misc. Papers 27-28: (10-16) ; TL: Tanganyika Territ., Escarpment, 6,500-9,000ft
  - Papilio constantinus alticola Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 578 (preocc. Papilio antinorii var. alticola Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912); TL: Tanganyika Territ., Escarpment, 6,500-9,000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio constantinus monticolus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 387 (preocc. Papilio sarpedon monticolus Fruhstorfer, 1896); TL: Escarpment, B.E.A., 6,500-9,000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) constantinus lecerfi; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio constantinus lecerfi; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio constantinus monticolus; [BAFR], 14 (text)
- P. c. mweruanus Joicey & Talbot, 1927 Congo Republic (Lomami, Shaba), W.Tanzania, Zambia
  - Papilio constantinus mweruana Joicey & Talbot, 1927; Encycl. Ent. (B3) 2 (1): 1; TL: S.E. Congo, Kasenga, west bank of Luapala River, S.W. Lake Mweru district
  - Papilio constantinus f. mathieui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 104; TL: Congo Belge, Sankishia
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio constantinus mweruana f. wittei Berger, 1981; Les Papillons du Zaire: 47; TL: Mabwe, 585m, Parc national de l'Upemba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) constantinus mweruanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio constantinus mweruana; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio constantinus mweruanus; [BAFR], 14 (text)
Papilio delalandei Godart, [1824] Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio delalandei Godart, [1824]; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (2): 811; TL: Cafrerie, sur les bords de Groot Fisch Rivier [error, = Madagascar]
- ?Papilio delalandii Godart, 1823; Mém. Soc. linn. Paris 2: 230; TL: Cafrerie
- Papilio lalandei Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 326 (lapsus, emend.?)
- Papilio (Princeps) delalandei; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio delalandei; [BAFR], 28; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio delelande[sic]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 4
- Princeps delalandei;
Papilio phorcas Cramer, [1775] -. See [maps] Apple-green swallowtail Green Banded Swallowtail
- Papilio phorcas Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 4; TL: Sierra Leona
- ?Papilio phorcas casphor Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 97; TL: Tabora
- Papilio (Princeps) phorcas; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio phorcas; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 14; [BK], 110; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps phorcas;
Larva on Vepris , Teclea [BK], Teclea nobilis, T. simplicifolia, Macrostylis villosa, Oriciopsis sp., Calodendrum sp., Clausena sp., Citrus sp., Fagara sp., Toddalia sp. [AfrL]
- P. p. phorcas Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria
  - Papilio doreus Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 457; TL: Sierra Leon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio thersander Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 32; TL: Sierra Leon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas ♀ f. media Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 381, pl. 2, f. 14; TL: Sierra Leone
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas phorcas; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas phorcas; [BAFR], 14; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. ansorgei Rothschild, 1896 Kenya (highland forest, E of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio phorcas ansorgei Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (3): 324; TL: Uganda Protectorate, Man
  - Papilio phorcas tippelskirchi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 96; TL: Brit.-Ost.-Africa, Nairobi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas ♀ f. thersandroides Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13: 17
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas ansorgei; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas ansorgei; [BAFR], 14 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. p. congoanus Rothschild, 1896 Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, N.Angola, Congo Republic, W.Uganda, W.Tanzania, N.Zambia
  - Papilio phorcas congoanus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (3): 325; TL: Upper Congo, Lukolele
  - Papilio phorcas caspor Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 97; TL: Tanzania, Tabora
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas ab. kassaiensis Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 25, pl. 13, f. 7; TL: Kongo, Kassaifluss
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. bergeri Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 126; TL: Congo Republic, Lualaba; Kakakumba; Tshiboe; Kinda; Mutumba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. xera Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 127; TL: Kafakumba nel Catanga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. viridissima Basquin & Turlin, 1986; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. (49): 22; TL: Bangui (Centrafrique)
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas congoanus f. ponzonii Sala, 1992; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. 75-76: 35; TL: Gabon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas congoanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas congoanus; [BAFR], 14 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. p. nyikanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 highland forest (NE.Zambia, Malawi, E.Tanzania)
  - Papilio phorcas nyikanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3): 489; TL: Nyassaland, Kasunga Mts., Nyika
  - Papilio phorcas leopoldi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 97; TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa, Walde zwischen Mori und Mangati
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas ab. phorcadius Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 121; TL: Tanzania, Amani I.
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas nyikanus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas nyikanus; [BAFR], 14 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. p. ruscoei Krüger, 1928 E.Uganda, Kenya (highlands, W of Rift Valley)
  - Papilio phorcas f. ruscoei Krüger, 1928; Int. ent. Zs. 22 (24): 230; TL: Brit. O. Africa, Mt. Elgon
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas ♀ f. mutans Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 380, pl. 2, f. 2; TL: Mabera Forest, Kyagive, Mulanga, 4000ft
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. furcula Bryk, 1927; Zool. Anz. 74: 77; TL: Mount Elgon, Gebirgsbach Koptawelil, 2465m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. inexpectata Bryk, 1927; Zool. Anz. 74: 78; TL: Mount Elgon, Gebirgsbach Koptawelil, 2465m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas pseudothersander Krüger, 1937; Ent. Rundsch. 55: 84; TL: Uganda
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. polyxena Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 14; TL: [? W. Kenya]
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas f. bayoni Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 128; TL: Uganda, Busoga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio phorcas nilotica Storace, 1961; Doriana 3 (115): 1; TL: Uganda occidentale e centrale; Kivu orientale
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas ruscoei; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas ruscoei; [BAFR], 14; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. sudanicola Storace, 1965 S.Sudan (forested mountains)
  - Papilio phorcas sudanicola Storace, 1965; J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus. 25 (1): 71; TL: S.E. Sudan, Didinga, Nagichot
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas sudanicola; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas sudanicola; [BAFR], 14; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. tenuifasciatus Kielland, 1990 N.Tanzania (highlands in the north), Kenya (Chyulu Hills)
  - Papilio phorcas tenuifasciatus Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 44; TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro, 2200m
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas tenuifasciatus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas tenuifasciatus; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. bardamu Canu, 1994 Equatorial Guinea (Bioko I.)
  - Papilio phorcas bardamu Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 316; TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
  - Papilio phorcas bardamu f. velledae Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 317; TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
  - Papilio (Princeps) phorcas bardamu; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio phorcas bardamu; [iNaturalist]
Papilio × nandina Rothschild & Jordan, 1901 Kenya Escarpment
- Papilio nandina Rothschild & Jordan, 1901; Novit. Zool. 8 (4): 403, pl. 9, f. 1; TL: British E. Africa, Escarpment, 6500-9000ft.
- Papilio nandina; [BAFR], 14
- Papilio phorcas ansorgei × dardanus polytrophus; Clark & Sheppard, 1975, Proc. R. ent Soc. Lond. (39): (?37-40)
Papilio mangoura Hewitson, 1875 Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio mangoura Hewitson, 1875; Ent. mon. Mag. 11: 226; TL: Madagascar
- Papilio (Princeps) mangoura; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio mangoura; Hewitson, 1877, Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio XV): [27], pl. [15], f. 49-50; [BAFR], 28; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 4 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps mangoura;
Papilio morondavana Grose-Smith, 1891 Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio morondavana Grose-Smith, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 8 (43): 78; TL: Mahobo, Morondava River, W.Madagascar
- Papilio (Princeps) morondavana; [MadL]; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio marondavana[sic, morondavana]; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 24, pl. 11, f. 1-2
- Papilio morondavana; [BAFR], 30; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Papilio grosesmithi Rothschild, 1926 Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio grosesmithi Rothschild, 1926; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 17: 113; TL: NW.Madagascar
- Papilio grose-smithi ?f. praeses Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 388, pl. 4, f. 34-35; TL: N.W. Madagascar
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Princeps) grosesmithi; [MadL]; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio grosesmithi; [BAFR], 30; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps grosesmithi;
Papilio demodocus Esper, 1799 -. See [maps] Orange Dog Christmas Butterfly Citrus swallotail Citrus butterfly
- Papilio demodocus Esper, 1799; Die ausl. Schmett.: 205, pl. 51, f. 1
- Papilio (Princeps) demodocus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio demodocus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 5; [PBSA]; [Marc W. Schenck]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps demodocus;
530x542 (~98Kb) ♂ Ethiopia, Amhara, Lake Hayk. 7th August 2012, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Clausena inaequalis, Calodendron capense, Toddalia aculeata, T. lanceolata, Teclea natalensis, T. swynnertoni, Citrus , Fagara capensis, Ptaeroxylon utile, Foeniculum vulgare, Bubon galbanum, B. gummiferum, Hippodromus alata, Pituranthos burchelli [PBSA], Phellodendron amurense, Ptelia trifoliata, Skimmia japonica, (oviposits and feeds to maturity) [Marc W. Schenck] Archangelica officinalis, Deverra burchelli, Fagaropsis angolensis, Haplophyllum sp., Hippobromus pauciflorus, Oricia bachmannii, O. swynnertoni, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Ptaeroxylon obliquum, Ruta sp., Vepris lanceolata, Zanthoxylum capense, Z. delagoense [AfrL]
- P. d. demodocus Tropical Africa, Madagascar
  - Papilio demoleus var. nubila Capronnier, 1881; Bull. Soc. ent. Belge 1881: 43; TL: Côte Occidentale d'Afrique, Golfe Benin, d'Agoué (Aghwey)
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus docusdemo Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 101, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: Tabora
    
    = ; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
  - Papilio demodocus albicans Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 102; TL: [Cameroon] Barombi Station
    
    = ; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
  - Papilio demodocus ab. karema Strand, 1911; Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 5 (2): 294; TL: S. Tanganyika, Bismarckburg; Tanganyika, Karema; Kilwa, Maliwe; Mtanga, Ufipa; Sokosi, Ufipa; Kitungulu, Urungu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. cariei Le Cerf, 1913; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913: 406; TL: Ile Maurice, Curepipe
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. tessmanni Schultze, 1914; Archiv. Naturgesch. 79 A (8): 2; TL: Süd Kamerun, Akoafim
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. conflua Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 158; TL: Kamerun, Duala
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. epunctatus Le Cerf, 1927; Encycl. ent. (B3) 2: 58; TL: Ile Maurice, Moka
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus f. minor Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. juncta Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. semijuncta Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40; TL: Côte d'Ivoire (ancienne Haute Volta), Bobo, Diolasso
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. mathieui Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 41; TL: Kalule Nord, Katanga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 41; TL: Bamako, S.O. Soudan, sur les bords du Niger
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. longsdoni Krüger, 1937; Ent. Rundsch. 55: 84; TL: Portug. Ostafrika
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - aurantiorum Fabricius, 1938
    
    = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
  - Papilio demodocus f. oblongula Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 73: 91; TL: S. Nicolau, Dominga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. viginta Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 73: 91; TL: [Ghana] Ascianti
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. adla Berio, 1941; Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 73: 92; TL: Congo Belga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114; TL: Congo Belge
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. duboisi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114; TL: Elisabethville, Katanga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. aurantiaca Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114; TL: Congo Belge, Luébo
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus ab. ochrea Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114; TL: Congo Belge, Léopoldville
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. dufranei Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 41; TL: Uele, Doruma-Sili
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. overlaeti Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 42; TL: Uele, Doruma-Sili
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. confluens Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102; TL: Madagascar, Tananarive
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. bennettoides Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102; TL: Congo ex Belga, Kafakumba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. atromaculatus Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 102; TL: Eritrea, Dorfu presso Asmara, m. 1500 s.l.m
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. continua Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103; TL: Eritrea, Himberti
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. deminuta Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103; TL: Eritrea centrale, Himberti
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. flavocincta Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103; TL: Abissinia sud-occidentale, Dalle
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. latevittata Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 103; TL: Guinea superiore, Accra
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus f. pseudopraeses Storace, 1963; Boll. Soc. ent. ital. 92: 104; TL: Somalia meridionale, Belet Amin sul basso Giuba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio demodocus ab. belonota Vári, 1976; Ann. Transv. Mus. 30 (13): 125; TL: Pretoria
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) demodocus demodocus; [MadL]; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio demodocus demodocus; [BAFR], 30; [BK], 114; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. bennetti Dixey, 1898 Yemen (Socotra I.)
  - Papilio bennetti Dixey, 1898; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1898: 381; TL: Jebel Dryet, 4900ft
  - Papilio (Princeps) demodocus bennetti; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio demodocus bennetti; [BAFR], 30; [iNaturalist]

Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758

Ceylon, India, Burma, AU. See [maps] Lime Butterfly

Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464; TL: Canton
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247; TL: Pnom-Penh

Papilio (Princeps) demoleus demoleus; [P&N23]
Papilio (Princeps) demoleus; [AfrL]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 90; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]; [P&N23]
Papilio demoleus stenelinus; [iNaturalist]
Papilio demoleus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279; [BIR], 395; [BAUR]; [BOR], 60; [MRS], 156; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.: (120-140) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Princeps demoleus;

272x310 (~14Kb) larva Estern Assam [Numarigarh], India, 05 November 2003 Afternoon [Indian name of the tree is Pupnus. It is from lime catagory. Fruits are similar but larger in size], Photo © Kedar Tokekar	769x513 (~108Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	769x513 (~113Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
600x400 (~29Kb) larva India: Melghat, 4.10.2008, Photo © Kedar Tokekar

Larva on (citrus trees) [BIR] Psoralea tenax, P. patens [BAUR], Psoralea cinerea, P. leucantha, P. patens, P. pinnata, P. pustulata, P. tenax, Citrus aurantium, Microcitrus australis Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Cullen , Psoralea , Fagraea , Michelia , Ziziphus , Acronychia , Aegle , Atalantia , Chloroxylon , Citrus , Clausena , Flindersia , Fortunella , Glycosmis , Limonia , Microcitrus , Mmicromelum , Murraya , Ruta , Zanthoxylum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 90

P. d. demoleus
- Papilio erithonius Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 67, pl. 232, f. A, B
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Papilio epius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 35
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- demoleinus Oberthür, 1879
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- libanius Fruhstorfer, 1908
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- flavosignatus Heidemann, 1954
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Orpheides erithonius; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 147, pl. 61, f. 2a-b
- Papilio (Princeps) demoleus demoleus; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Papilio (Princeps) demoleus libanius; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 90
- Papilio demoleus demoleus; [MRS]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- Papilio demoleus libanius; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus spp., Glycosmis citrifolia, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. nitidum, Clausena excavata, Fortunella spp., Microcitrus australis, Atalantia buxifolia, Psoralea leucantha, P. patens [MRS]
P. d. sthenelus MacLeay, 1826 Australia Chequered Swallowtail
- Papilio sthenelus MacLeay, [1826]; in King, Narr. Surv. Austr. 2: 457; TL: Australia
- sumbanus de Nicéville & Elwes, 1897
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190 (nom. nud.)
- Papilio demoleus pictus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Ent. Zs. 11 (24): 189; TL: Sumba[?]
  - = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Papilio (Princeps) demoleus sthenelus; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Papilio demoleus sthenelus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 282; [BAUR]: 88; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Psoralea , P. tenax, P. patens, P. cinerea, P. leucantha, P. pustulata, P. badocana, less Citrus spp.?, ;

P. d. malayanus Wallace, 1865 Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, S.Vietnam, Peninsular Malaya

Papilio erithonius loc. f. malayanus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 59
Papilio demoleus annamiticus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 271; TL: Xom-Gom, S.Annam
- = ; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190

Papilio (Princeps) demoleus malayanus; [BMP]: 67, pl. 3, f. 16; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
Papilio demoleus malayanus; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

696x792 (~84Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya environs, Ko Lan island, ruderal vegeation at a roadside. 15th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	723x778 (~159Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, 'Orolestes pool' 7 km NEE of Ban Lung, 7th June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1204x744 (~264Kb) ♀ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, 'Orolestes pool' 7 km NEE of Ban Lung, 7th June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1322x1057 (~320Kb) ♀ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, 'Orolestes pool' 7 km NEE of Ban Lung, 7th June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1185x1224 (~373Kb) ♂ ♀ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, O'Chum River valley at Khlang Svay village, 7th June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1462x1196 (~247Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Lake Yak Lom, 30th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1226x978 (~388Kb) Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1282x934 (~374Kb) Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	789x852 (~213Kb) larva Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1204x1012 (~363Kb) Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1143x1236 (~464Kb) Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1418x1052 (~362Kb) Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Andoung Tuek village, 25th July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Citrus , Glycosmis pentaphylla, Ziziphus jujuba [BMP]

P. d. sthenelinus Rothschild, 1895 ?Sumba, Flores - Alor
- Papilio demoleus sthenelinus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 281; TL: Alor
- Papilio (Princeps) demoleus sthenelinus; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
P. d. novoguineensis Rothschild, 1908 S.Papua
- Papilio demoleus novoguineensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 170; TL: British New Guinea, Lower Aroa; Redscar Bay
- Papilio (Princeps) demoleus novoguineensis; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190
- Papilio demoleus novoguineensis; [BAUR], 88 (text)
Larva on Salvia [BAUR]

Papilio erithonioides Grose-Smith, 1891 Madagascar. See [maps]
- Papilio erithonioides Grose-Smith, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7 (37): 122; TL: North-west coast of Malagasy Republic
- Papilio (Princeps) erithonioides; [MadL]; [AfrL]; Smith & Vane-Wright, 2008, Syst. Biodiv. 6 (2): 190; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio demodocus erithonioides; Storace, 1955, Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: (?120-137)
- Papilio erithonioides; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 23, pl. 11, f. 3-4; [BAFR], 30; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 5 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps erithonioides;

The hesperus species-group

Hesperus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 -. See [maps] Emperor swallotail
- Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 1: 189; TL: Gold Coast [error, = Cameroon]
- Papilio (Princeps) hesperus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio hesperus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 10; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps hesperus;
Larva on Beilschmiedia ugandensis, Beilschmiedia sp. [AfrL]
- P. h. hesperus Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Congo Republic, Uganda, NW.Tanzania, N.Zambia
  - Papilio horribilis var. calabaricus Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 649; TL: Isubu, Mongo-ma-lobah
    
    = Papilio hesperus; Larsen, 2005
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus maculatissimus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 95; TL: Nordwest Camerun, Ndian
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus f. additionis Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2): 175; TL: Bukoba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus f. bukoba Richelmann, 1913; Int. Ent. Zs. 7 (16): 106; TL: Bei Bukoba am Viktoria-See
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus ?ab. dualana Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 160; TL: Duala, Kamerun
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus var. kassaiensis Moreau, 1917; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917: 126; TL: Congo Belge, district de Kassai, entre les rivières Louébo et Loangué
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio embodinus Ehrmann, 1921; Lepid., Forest Hills 5 (2): 18; TL: E. Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus f.indiv. insolitus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 384, pl. 3, f. 23; TL: Congo Belge, Luluabourg, Kassai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus ♂-f. rufopuncta Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [3]; TL: Uganda Protectorate, Mabira Forest
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103; TL: Bord de la Lomela environs de Gombé
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. blariauxi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103; TL: Longatshimo, 85 km. de Tshikapa, Kasai
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus ab. cuvelieri Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 103; TL: Congo Belge, Punia, Kivu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus f. mariae Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43; TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus f. punctata Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 43; TL: Kivu, rivière Muana
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) hesperus hesperus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio hesperus hesperus; [BAFR], 16; [iNaturalist]
- P. h. feae Storace, 1963 Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
  - Papilio hesperus feae Storace, 1963; Mem. Soc. Ent. Italiana 42: 99; TL: Punta Frailes
  - Papilio (Princeps) hesperus feae; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio hesperus feae; [BAFR], 16 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. h. sudana Gabriel, 1945 S.Sudan
  - Papilio hesperus sudana Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 151; TL: Sudan, Lotti Forest
  - Papilio (Princeps) hesperus sudana; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio hesperus sudana; [BAFR], 16 (text); [iNaturalist]
Papilio euphranor Trimen, 1868 South Africa (Transkei - Natal - Transvaal), Swaziland. See [maps]
- Papilio euphranor Trimen, 1868; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868 (1): 70; TL: Kaffraria Proper, Boolo Forest, near Tsomo, a tributary of the Kei
- Papilio euphranor moratus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 381; TL: Natal, Alfred District, Impetenyeni Forest, 3000ft
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Princeps) euphranor; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio euphranor; [BAFR], 18; [PBSA]; [BOW]: pl. 89, f. 22 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Cryptocarya woodii [PBSA]
Papilio horribilis Butler, 1874 S.Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. See [maps]
- Papilio horribilis Butler, 1874; Lepid. Exotica (11): 88; TL: Cape Coast, Fantee
- Papilio hermes Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142; TL: Haut Cavally, hinterland franco-liberién, Mission franco-liberiénne; Sierra Leone
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio hermes var. pellax Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142; TL: Haut Cavally, hinterland franco-liberién, Mission franco-liberiénne
  - = ; [AfrL]
- Papilio (Princeps) horribilis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio horribilis; [BAFR], 18; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Beilschmiedia manni? [AfrL]
Papilio pelodurus Butler, 1896 -. See [maps]
- Papilio pelodurus Butler, 1896; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1895: 720; TL: Nyasaland, Zomba
- Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio pelodorus[sic]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 10 (text) (missp.?)
- Papilio pelodurus allani; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio pelodurus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Cryptocarya liebertiana, Ocotea usambarensis [AfrL]
- P. p. pelodurus highland forest (Malawi)
  - Papilio pelodurus pelodurus f.indiv. lyrus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 382, pl. 3, f. 30; TL: Nyasaland, Mlanje
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio pelodurus pelodurus f.indiv. extensus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 382, pl. 3, f. 28; TL: Nyasaland, Zomba
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus pelodurus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio pelodurus pelodurus; [BAFR], 18; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. vesper Le Cerf, 1924 E.Tanzania, S.Tanzania, NE.Zambia, N.Malawi
  - Papilio pelodurus vesper Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 383, pl. 3, f. 25; TL: German East Africa
  - Papilio pelodurus ab. histricus Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912: 142; TL: Afrique orientale allemande, Tanga
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio pelodurus vesper f.indiv. excedens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 383; TL: German east Africa
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) pelodurus vesper; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio pelodurus vesper; [BAFR], 18 (text); [iNaturalist]

The menestheus species-group

group Demolion; (part)

group Menestheus; [AfrL]

Papilio menestheus Drury, 1773 -. See [maps] Western emperor swallowtail
- Papilio menestheus Drury, 1773; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 2: 15; TL: Sierra Leon
- Papilio (Princeps) menestheus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio menestheus; [BAFR], 28; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Papilio mnestheus[sic?]; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 16
- Princeps menestheus;
- P. m. menestheus Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, W.Cameroon
  - Papilio menestheus ab. pygmaeus Aurivillius, 1899; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 478; TL: Kamerun
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio menestheus ab. unimaculatus Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2): 158; TL: Duala
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio menestheus v. lormieri ab. latefasciatus Schultze, 1917; Archiv. Biontologie 4 (2): 20; TL: Südkamerun, Bipindi
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) menestheus menestheus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio menestheus menestheus; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. canui Gauthier, 1984 Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
  - Papilio menestheus canui Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 316; TL: Insel Bioko, Strand bei Ureca
  - Papilio (Princeps) menestheus canui; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio menestheus canui; [iNaturalist]
Papilio lormieri Distant, 1874 -. See [maps] Central emperor swallowtail
- Papilio lormieri Distant, 1874; Ent. mon. Mag. 11: 129; TL: [French West Africa] Madagascar [error]
- Papilio (Princeps) lormieri; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio lormieri; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 13; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps lormieri;
Larva on Clausena anisata, Fagaropsis sp., Teclea spp., Fagara macrophylla [AfrL]
- P. l. lormieri Cameroon, Congo Republic, N.Angola, SW.Sudan
  - Papilio menestheus v. lormieri ab. bassana Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2): 24; TL: Kamerun, Bassagebiet a. Lom.
  - Papilio menestheus var. aureus Moreau, 1917; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1917: 126; TL: Congo belge, district de Kassaï comprise entre les rivières Louébo et Loangué
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio menestheus lormieri ab. cuvelieri Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 114; TL: Punia, Kivu
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) lormieri lormieri; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio lormieri lormieri; [BAFR], 29; [iNaturalist]
- P. l. semlikana Le Cerf, 1924 NE.Congo Republic (E.Kivu), W.Uganda, NW.Tanzania
  - Papilio menestheus-lormieri semlikana Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3): 388; TL: Semliki River
  - Papilio (Princeps) lormieri semlikana; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio lormieri semlikana; [BAFR], 29 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. l. neocrocea Koçak, 1983 E.Uganda, C.Uganda, W.Kenya Lormier's Swallowtail Central Emperor Swallowtail
  - Papilio lormieri neocrocea Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2: 165 (repl. Papilio lormieri crocea Storace, 1955)
  - Papilio lormieri f. ophidicephaloides Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 18; TL: Uganda, Mabira Forest
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio lormieri f. rufopunctata Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 18
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio lormieri crocea Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 132 (preocc. Papilio croceus Fourcroy, 1785); TL: Entebbe; Mabera Forest; Kibanga; Kyetume; Mubango
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) lormieri neocrocea; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio lormieri crocea; [BAFR], 29 (text); [BK], 114
  - Papilio lormieri neocrocea; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on (as crocea) Rutaceaea , Clausema [BK]
Papilio ophidicephalus Oberthür, 1878 -. See [maps] Emperor Swallowtail
- Papilio ophidicephalus Oberthür, 1878; Étud. d'Ent. 3: 13; TL: aux montagnes de Schimba, sur la Côte, en face de l'île de Zanzibar; Bashee River, Kaffraria
- Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio ophidicephalus; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 19; [PBSA]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Larva on Clausema inqequalis, Fagara capensis, Calodendron capense, Citrus [PBSA], Clausena anisata, Zanthoxylum sp., Z. delagoense, Z. davyi, Z. capense [AfrL]
- P. o. ophidicephalus E.Kenya, Tanzania, NE.Zambia, SE.Congo Republic
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus ophidicephalus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus ophidicephalus; [BAFR], 30; [iNaturalist]
- P. o. phalusco Suffert, 1904 Natal
  - Papilio ophidicephalus phalusco Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 103; TL: Natal
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus phalusco; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus phalusco; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. chirinda van Son, 1939 W.Mozambique, Zimbabwe
  - Papilio ophidicephalus chirinda van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 59; TL: SE.Rhodesia, Chirinda Forest
  - Papilio obidicephalus chirinda var. barnesi van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 60; TL: Southern Rhodesia, Vumba Mountains, Umtali District
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus chirinda; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus chirinda; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. entabeni van Son, 1939 Transvaal
  - Papilio ophidicephalus entabeni van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 60; TL: Northern Transvaal, Entabeni, Zoutpansberg range
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus entabeni; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus entabeni; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. transvaalensis van Son, 1939 Transvaal
  - Papilio ophidicephalus transvaalensis van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 61; TL: North Transvaal, Woodbush, Pietersburg District
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus transvaalensis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus transvaalensis; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. ayresi van Son, 1939 Swaziland, Tranvaal
  - Papilio ophidicephalus ayresi van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 62; TL: North-east Transvaal, Marieps Mountain, boundary of Lydenburg and Pietersburg Districts
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus ayresi; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus ayresi; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. zuluensis van Son, 1939 Zululand
  - Papilio ophidicephalus zuluensis van Son, 1939; Ann. Transv. Mus. 20: 63; TL: Zululand, Eshowe
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus zuluensis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus zuluensis; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. cottrelli van Son, 1966 S.Zambia
  - Papilio ophidicephalus cottrelli van Son, 1966; Ann. Transv. Mus. 25 (4): 81; TL: N. Rhodesia, Kamaila Forest Reserve, Chisamba
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus cottrelli; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus cottrelli; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. mkuwadzi Gifford, 1961 SW.Tanzania, N.Malawi, NE.Zambia
  - Papilio ophidicephalus mkuwadzi Gifford, 1961; Entomologist 94: 288; TL: Nyasaland, Mkuwadzi forest, Nkata Bay District
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus mkuwadzi; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus mkuwadzi; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. o. niassicola Storace, 1955 C.Malawi, S.Malawi
  - Papilio ophidicephalus niassicola Storace, 1955; Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 33: 130; TL: Niassa, Linderdale
  - Papilio (Princeps) ophidicephalus niassicola; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio ophidicephalus niassicola; [BAFR], 30 (text); [iNaturalist]

The leucotaenia species-group

Leucotaenia; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio leucotaenia Rothschild, 1908 SW.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, E.Zaire (Kivu). See [maps]
- Papilio leucotaenia Rothschild, 1908; Ent. mon. Mag. 44: 249; TL: German East Africa, Rugoge Forest, east of the south end of Lake Kivu, 2100-2300m
- Papilio (Princeps) leucotaenia; [AfrL]
- Papilio leucotaenia; [BAFR], 18; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps leucotaenia;

The nobilis species-group

Nobilis; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio nobilis Rogenhofer, 1891 -. See [maps] Noble swallowtail
- Papilio nobilis Rogenhofer, 1891; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 41: 563; TL: Africa Orientalis, Pare
- Papilio (Princeps) nobilis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
- Papilio nobilis; [BOW]: pl. 90, f. 18; [BK], 111; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps nobilis;
Larva on Warburgia ugandensis [AfrL]
- P. n. nobilis Kenya (highlands), Lake Victoria (N and W shores), E.Uganda, NW.Tanzania
  - Papilio pringlei Sharpe, 1894; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1894 (3): 352; TL: Kikuyu to Victoria Nyanza via Sotik
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nobilis f. mariabonaparte Bryk, 1929; Soc. Ent. 44: 22; TL: Deutsch-Ostafrika
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nobilis f. nobilissima Bryk, 1929; Soc. Ent. 44: 22; TL: Zentral-Afrika
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nobilis pallidus Stoneham, 1931; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (1): 1; TL: Kenya Colony, Tranz-Nzoia District
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio nobilis f.ab. josetta Smart, 1976; [EBW]: 274; TL: Ugan.
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nobilis nobilis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio nobilis nobilis; [BAFR], 16; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. didingensis Carpenter, 1928 S.Sudan
  - Papilio nobilis didingensis Carpenter, 1928; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 76 (1): 30, pl. 3, f. 1-2; TL: Sudan, Didinga
  - Papilio (Princeps) nobilis didingensis; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio nobilis didingensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. crippsianus Stoneham, 1936 Congo Republic (Kivu), W.Uganda (Ruwenzori, Ankole, Kigezi), W.Kenya, NW.Tanzania?
  - Papilio nobilis crippsianus Stoneham, 1936; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (30): 2; TL: Western Uganda Protectorate, Kalinzu Forest
  - Papilio nobilis leroyi Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 20; TL: Kivu, Rutshuru
    
    = ; [AfrL]
  - Papilio (Princeps) nobilis crippsianus; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio nobilis crippsianus; [BAFR], 16; [iNaturalist]
- P. n. mpanda Kielland, 1990 W.Tanzania
  - Papilio nobilis mpanda Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 43; TL: Mpanda, Kampisa River, 1500m
  - Papilio (Princeps) nobilis mpanda; [AfrL]; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
  - Papilio nobilis mpanda; [iNaturalist]

The demolion species-group

Demolion; (part, include into menestheus group?)

Papilio demolion Cramer, [1776]

Burma, Siam, Malaysia, Sumatra. See [maps] Banded Swallowtail

Papilio demolion Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 140, pl. 89, f. A, B; TL: Java
?Papilio demolion messius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 72; TL: Lombok

Menelaides demolion;
Papilio demolion; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 282; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 16; [BOR], 62; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

Larva on Luvunga scandens, Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9

P. d. demolion Cramer, [1776] S.Burma, Thailand - Singapore, Sumatra, Java - Lombok, N.Borneo

Papilio cresphontes Fabricius, 1938; in Bryk, Systema Glossatorum: 48 (preocc.)

Papilio (Princeps) demolion demolion; [BMP]: 68, pl. 4, f. 1
Papilio demolion demolion; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

1571x1116 (~312Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, SE suburbs of Koh Kong, trees at a pond, 21st July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1349x1134 (~279Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, SE suburbs of Koh Kong, trees at a pond, 21st July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Luvunga scandens [BMP]

P. d. energetes Fruhstorfer, 1908 Nias
- Papilio demolion energetes Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 72; TL: Nias
- Papilio demolion energetes; [iNaturalist]
P. d. delostenus Rothschild, 1908 Philippines (Palawan)
- Papilio demolion delostenus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 168; TL: Palawan
- Papilio demolion delostenus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 1-2; [iNaturalist]

Papilio liomedon Moore, [1875] S.India (W.Ghats). See [maps] Malabar Banded Swallowtail
- Papilio liomedon Moore, [1875]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4): 575; TL: Calicut, Malabar Coast
- Papilio demolion liomedon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 283
- Papilio liomedon; [BIR], 394; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 16 (text); [BOR], 60; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio gigon C. & R. Felder, 1864 Celebes. See [maps] Sulawesi Banded Swallowtail
- Papilio gigon C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 318, 366; TL: Celebes
- Papilio gigon Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 27 (nom. nud.)
- Papilio gigon Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 59, pl. 7, f. 6; TL: Celebes, Sulla I.
- Menelaides gigon;
- Papilio (Menelaides) gigon; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- Papilio gigon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 283; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 16 (text); [BOR], 62; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus , Euodia , Glycosmis Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- P. g. gigon Sulawesi
  - Papilio (Menelaides) gigon gigon; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- P. g. mangolinus Fruhstorfer, 1899 Sula Is.
  - Papilio gigon mangolinus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 422; TL: Sula-Mangoli
  - Papilio (Menelaides) gigon mangolinus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- P. g. neriotes Rothschild, 1908 Talaud, Sangir
  - Papilio gigon neriotes Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169; TL: Talant; Sangir
  - Papilio (Menelaides) gigon neriotes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, 1829 New Guinea. See [maps]
- Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, 1829; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2): pl. 13, f. 3; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio axion Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1: 41; TL: New Guinea
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339
- Papilio euchenor lasos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 12; TL: British New Guinea, Milne Bay
- Papilio euchenor scribonius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: Waigiu
- Papilio euchenor hippotas Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio euchenor hippotas; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
- Papilio euchenor lasos; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
- Papilio euchenor scribonius; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
- Papilio euchenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75; [BAUR]; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 5; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus ?, Evodia [BAUR]
- P. e. euchenor West Irian - Papua, Waigeu, Dampier
  - Papilio euchenor euchenor; [BAUR], 88
- P. e. godarti Montrouzier, 1856 D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark
  - Papilio godarti Montrouzier, 1856; Ann. Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 398; TL: Woodlark I.
  - Papilio euchenor godarti; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. eutropius Janson, 1886 Jobi
  - Papilio eutropius Janson, 1886; Cruise of Marchesa 2 (App. 3) : 376; TL: Jobi I.
  - Papilio euchenor eutropius; [BAUR], 88 (text)
  - Papilio euchenor ab. eutropius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339
- P. e. obsolescens Rothschild, 1895 Aru
  - Papilio euchenor obsolescens Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 339; TL: Aru Islands
  - Papilio euchenor obsolescens; [BAUR], 88 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. e. depilis Rothschild, 1895 New Britain, Duke of York Group
  - Papilio euchenor depilis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 340; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio depilis depilis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio depilis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio depilis Rothschild;
  - Papilio euchenor depilis; [BAUR], 89; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. naucles Rothschild, 1908 Kai Is.
  - Papilio euchenor naucles Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169; TL: Kei Is.
  - Papilio euchenor naucles; [BAUR], 88 (text)
  - Papilio naucles Rothschild;
- P. e. misolensis Rothschild, 1908 Misool Is.
  - Papilio euchenor misolensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169; TL: Misol
  - Papilio euchenor misolensis; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [BAUR], 88 (text)
- P. e. comma Joicey & Noakes, 1915 Biak
  - Papilio euchenor comma Joicey & Noakes, 1915; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (2): 178; TL: Biak
  - Papilio euchenor comma; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. rosselanus Rothschild, 1908 Rossel Is.
  - Papilio euchenor rosselanus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169; TL: Rossel I., Louisiade Archipelago
  - Papilio euchenor rosselanus; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. sudestensis Rothschild, 1908 Sudest I.
  - Papilio euchenor sudestensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 169; TL: Sudest I.
  - Papilio euchenor sudestensis; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. misimanus Rothschild, 1898 Misima I.
  - Papilio euchenor misimanus Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5 (2): 217; TL: St. Aignan (Misima), Louisiade Archipelago
  - Papilio euchenor misimanus; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. novohibernicus Rothschild, 1896 New Ireland
  - Papilio euchenor novohibernicus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (4): 422; TL: New Ireland
  - Papilio euchenor novohibernicus; [BAUR], 89 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. e. neohannoveranus Rothschild, 1898 New Hanover I.
  - Papilio euchenor neohannoveranus Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5 (2): 217; TL: New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelageo
  - Papilio depilis neohannoveranus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio euchenor neohannoveranus; [BAUR], 89 (text)
- P. e. subcoerulea Rothschild, 1915 Dampier I.
  - Papilio euchenor subcoerulea Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 193; TL: Dampier Island

Papilio luzviae Schröder & Treadaway, 1991 Philippines (Marinduque). See [maps]
- Menelaides luzviae; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 57, f. 4-6 (uncert. status)
Papilio pseudluzviae Philippnes (Mindoro). See [maps]
- Menelaides "pseudluzviae"; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 58, f. 3-5 (hybdrid?)

The anactus species-group

Papilio anactus MacLeay, [1826] Australia (Queensland - New South Wales). See [maps] Dingy Swallowtail
- Papilio anactus MacLeay, [1826]; in King, Narr. Surv. Austr. 2: 458; TL: Austr. occ.
- Eleppone anactus;
- Papilio anactus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 284; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 12; [BAUR], 106; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5):; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Larva on Citrus limon, C. sinensis, Citrus spp., Eremocitrus glauca, Limonia acidissima, Microcitrus australasica, M. australis, M. garrawayae, M. inodora Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Citrus paradisi, Poncitrus trifoliata Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5)

The aegeus species-group

Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805 New Guinea - New South Wales. See [maps]
- Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 14; TL: New South Wales
- Papilio erectheus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 15
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304
- Papilio oberon Grose-Smith, 1897; Ann. Mag. Nat. hist. (6) 19: 172; TL: Santa Cruz
- Papilio doddi Oberthür, 1916
- ?Papilio oritas f. albator Niepelt, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 21, pl. 13
- f. dolorosa Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 72
- f. leucotaenia Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73
- Menelaides aegeus;
- Papilio aegeus albator; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio aegeus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 5, 6; [BAUR]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5):; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
- Papilio oberon; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1899, Rhop. Exot. [1] 3: (Papilio) 43, pl. 18, f. 1-2
- erechtheus[sic, erectheus]; Boisduval, 1832
Larva on Citrus , Geijera salicifolia, G. parviflora, Flindersia [BAUR], Cinnamomum camphora, Cryptocarya glaucescens, Aristolochia elegans, Capparis nobilis, Acronychia sp., Choisya ternata, Citrus aurantium, C. aurantifolia, C. limon, C. medica, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Citrus spp., Clausena brevistyla, Eriostemon lanceolatus, E. myoporoides, Fagara sp., Flindersia australis, F. bennettiana, F. collina, F. ifflaiana, F. laevicarpa, F. oppositifolia, F. pimenteliana, F. schottiana, F. xanthoxyla, Fortunella spp., Geijera parviflora, G. salicifolia, Halfordia sp., Melicope erythrococca, M. melanophloia, Microcitrus australasica, M. australis, M. garrawayae, M. inodora, Micromelum minutum, Murraya koenigii, Phebalium ambiens, P. dentatum, P. sp., Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. brachyacanthum, Z. nitidum, Z. veneficum, Zieria laevigata, Z. smithii, Owenia venosa, Daucus carota, Petroselium crispum, Apium graveolens Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Poncitrus trifoliata, Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata, C. paradisi Dunn, 1995, Victorian Ent. 25 (5)
- P. a. aegeus Cape York - E.Victoria, S.Australia Orchard Swallowtail
  - Papilio aegeus ♀ f. tullia Waterhouse, 1932; Aust. Zool. 7: 196; TL: Moa, Banks I.
  - Papilio aegeus f. beatrix Waterhouse, 1908; Vict. Nat. 25: 118
  - Papilio aegeus aegeus; [BAUR], 100; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio gambrisius aegeus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- P. a. adrastus C. & R. Felder, [1864] Banda Group
  - Papilio adrastus C. & R. Felder, [1864]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 110, n. 84, pl. 16; TL: Banda Is.
  - Papilio adrastus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 57, pl. 4, f. 1; TL: Banda Is.
  - Papilio aegeus adrastus ♀-f. priasa Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 65
  - Papilio aegeus adrastus ♀-f. tellias Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 65
  - Papilio aegeus adrastus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 308; [BAUR], 100 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus priasa; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio gambrisius adrastus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- P. a. othello Grose-Smith, 1894 Biak
  - Papilio othello Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 332; TL: Biak
  - Papilio aegeus othello ♀-f. desdemona Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 66
  - Papilio aegeus othello ♀-f. thuria Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 66
  - Papilio othello ♀ f. obscurata Joicey & Noakes, 1915; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (2): 177, pl. 21, f. 1; TL: Biak
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-ab. othello; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
  - Papilio aegeus othello; [BAUR], 102; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus othello f. desdemona; [BAUR], 102, f.
  - Papilio aegeus othello f. obscurata; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus othello f. thuria; [BAUR], 102, f.
  - Papilio aegeus thuria; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. ormenus Guérin-Méneville, [1831] Aru, Missol, Salawari, Jobi, Waigen, W.Irian, Papua, New Guinea, Trobriand, D'Entrecastreaux, Woodlark, Lousiades, Torres Straits Is.
  - Papilio ormenus Guérin-Méneville, [1831]; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2): pl. 14, f. 3; TL: New Guinea
  - Papilio amanga Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1: 39; TL: New Guinea
  - Papilio onesimus Hewitson, 1858; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio III): [6], pl. [3], f. 8; TL: New Guinea
    
    = Papilio amanga; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
  - Papilio pandion Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 56
  - Papilio ormenus var. polydorina Haase, 1891; Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (1): 42
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-ab. inornatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307; TL: coast near Arfak
  - Papilio euchenor euchenides Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 13; TL: Fergusson I.
  - Papilio aegeus aegates Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 14; TL: British New Guinea, Milne Bay
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-f. seleucis Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 66
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-f. leporina Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 67
  - Papilio aegeus aegates; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus inornatus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 306; [BAUR]; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-ab. amanga; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♀-ab. polydorinus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus ♂-ab. pandion; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 307
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. amanga; [BAUR], 103, f.
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. inornatus; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. leporina; [BAUR], 103, f.
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. onesimus; [BAUR], 100, f. 103, f.
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. ormenus; [BAUR], 102 (text); [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. pandion; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus ormenus f. seleucis; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus pandion; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus polydorina; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio euchenor euchenides; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
  - Papilio gambrisius ormenus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 71; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
  - Papilio ormenus aegates; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- P. a. oritas Godman & Salvin, 1879 New Ireland, New Hanover
  - Papilio oritas Godman & Salvin, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 654; TL: New Ireland
  - Papilio aegeus oritinus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 15; TL: -
  - Papilio aegeus ♀-f. ximene Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 67
  - Papilio oritas var. capsus Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (20): 153
  - Papilio aegeus capsus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus oritas; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus oritas f. capsus; [BAUR], 103, f.
  - Papilio aegeus oritas f. ximene; [BAUR], 103, f.
  - Papilio oritas; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
- P. a. websteri Grose-Smith, 1894 New Britain
  - Papilio websteri Grose-Smith, 1894; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 13 (78): 496; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio aegeus bismarckianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 308; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio aegeus websteri ♀-f. sopaea Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 67
  - Papilio aegeus sopaea; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus websteri; [BAUR], 102 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio websteri; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1895, Rhop. Exot. [1] 2: (Papilio) 37, pl. 15, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300
- P. a. keianus Rothschild, 1896 Kai Is.
  - Papilio aegeus keianus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (4): 422; TL: Kei Toeal (Little Kei Island)
  - Papilio aegeus keianus ♀-f. amaranta Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (4): 422
  - Papilio aegeus keianus ♀-f. blanca Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (4): 422
  - Papilio aegeus blanca; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus keianus; [BAUR], 100 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio aegeus keianus f. blanca; [BAUR], 101, f.
- P. a. ormenulus Fruhstorfer, 1902 Fergusson I.
  - Papilio aegeus ormenulus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 57; TL: Fergusson I.
  - Papilio aegeus ormenulus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (1): 166; TL: Fergusson I.
  - Papilio gambrisius ormenulus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- P. a. goramensis Rothschild, 1908 Goram Is.
  - Papilio aegeus goramensis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172; TL: Goram-laut; Manovolka
  - Papilio aegeus goramensis; [BAUR], 100 (text)
- P. a. kissuanus Rothschild, 1908 Watubela Is., Goram I.
  - Papilio aegeus kissuanus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172; TL: Kissoeei, Watoebela group
  - Papilio aegeus kissuanus; [BAUR], 100 (text)
- P. a. aegatinus Rothschild, 1908 Noemfoor Is.
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172; TL: Suer; Mefor I.; Geelvink Bay
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus ♀-f. melia Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus ♀-f. myrtis Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus f. melia; [BAUR], 102 (text)
  - Papilio aegeus aegatinus f. myrtis; [BAUR], 102 (text)
Papilio tydeus C. & R. Felder, 1860 Moluccas
- Papilio tydeus C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 229; TL: Batjan
- Menelaides tydeus;
- Papilio tydeus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 304; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. t. tydeus Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai
  - Papilio gambrisius tydeus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
  - Papilio tydeus tydeus; [BAUR], 102
- P. t. obiensis Rothschild, 1898 Obi
  - Papilio tydeus obiensis Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5: 416; TL: Obi
  - Papilio tydeus obiensis; [BAUR], 104; [iNaturalist]
Papilio bridgei Mathew, 1886 Bougain. See [maps]
- Papilio bridgei Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 349, pl. 34, f. 2; TL: Treasury I.
- ?Papilio bridgei nobilior Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 425; TL: Bougainville, Alu. Tauro, Choiseul, Munia
- rookiensis Strand, 1914; Int. Ent. Zs. 8 (19): 103
- pseudoprospero Strand, 1914; Int. Ent. Zs. 8 (19): 103
- Menelaides bridgei;
- Papilio bridgei michae; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio bridgei; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 309; [BAUR]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio ormenus ab. pseudoprospero; Strand, 1916, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 22
- Papilio ormenus ab. rookiensis; Strand, 1916, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 22, pl. 13, f. 1
Larva on Citrus [BAUR]
- P. b. bridgei Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Shortland, Treasury Is., Fauro Is.
  - Papilio bridgei ab. gorei Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (20): 154
  - Papilio bridgei bridgei; [BAUR], 104; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio bridgei bridgei f. gorei; [BAUR], 105, f.
  - Papilio gambrisius bridgei; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- P. b. ortegae Rothschild² Florida Is.
  - Papilio bridgei ortegae; [BAUR], 104 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ortegae Rothschild;
- P. b. hecataeus Godman & Salvin, 1888 Guadalcanar
  - Papilio hecataeus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (3): 213; TL: Aola, Guadalcanar I.
  - Papilio bridgei hecataeus; [BAUR], 104 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio hecataeus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 310
- P. b. tryoni Mathew, 1889 Ugi, San Cristobal
  - Papilio tryoni Mathew, 1889; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889 (2): 315; TL: Ugi I., Solomon Is.
  - Papilio bridgei tryoni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 310; [BAUR], 104 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. b. prospero Grose-Smith, 1889 New Georgia Group
  - Papilio prospero Grose-Smith, 1889; Ent. mon. Mag. 25: 302; TL: Rubiana Lagoon
  - Papilio bridgei prospero; [BAUR], 104 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio prospero; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 19, pl. 9, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 311
Papilio weymeri Niepelt, 1914 Manus Island, Admiralty Is.. See [maps]
- Papilio weymeri Niepelt, 1914; Lepid. Niepeltiana (1): 53; TL: Admiralty Islands
- Papilio cartereti Oberthür, 1914; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914: 187; TL: Admiralty Islands
- Menelaides weymeri; ;
- Papilio gambrisius cartereti; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- Papilio weymeri; [BAUR], 104; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio gambrisius Cramer, [1777] Serang, Moluccas, Amboina
- Papilio gambrisius Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 95, pl. 157, f. A, B; TL: Amboina
- Papilio amphitrion Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 10, pl. 7, f. A, B (nom. nud.?)
- Papilio fusconiger Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
- Papilio drusius Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 63, 64, pl. 229, f. A, pl. 230, f. A; TL: Amboina
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
- Papilio drimachus Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 31; TL: Amboina
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303
- Papilio gambrisius ♂-ab. abbreviatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303; TL: Celebes?
- Papilio gambrisius f. amisia Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 72
- Papilio gambrisius f. colasa Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 72
- Menelaides gambrisius;
- Papilio amphitrion; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 302
- Papilio gambrisius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 303; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- P. g. gambrisius Serang, Ambon
  - Papilio gambrisius gambrisius; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note); [BAUR], 106
- ?P. g. colossus Fruhstorfer, 1899 Ceram
  - Papilio gambrisius colossus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 420; TL: Ceram
- P. g. buruanus Rothschild, 1897 Buru
  - Papilio gambrisius buruanus Rothschild, 1897; Novit. Zool. 4 (1): 181; TL: Tifu Bay, Buru
  - Papilio gambrisius buruanus; [BAUR], 106; [iNaturalist]
- P. g. arachosius Fruhstorfer, 1916 Waigeu
  - Papilio gambrisius arachosius Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 72; TL: Waigeu
Papilio inopinatus Butler, 1883 Romang, Babar, Damar, Tanimbar
- Papilio inopinatus Butler, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883: 370; TL: Maroe I., Tenimber I.
- ?Papilio inopinatus inauris Fruhstorfer, 1904; Ent. Zs. 18 (12): 45; TL: Babber I.
- ?Papilio inopinatus inauris Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 142; TL: Babber I.
- Papilio inopinatus komos Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (23): 180; TL: Dammer I.
- Menelaides inopinatus;
- Papilio aegeus inopinatus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio aegeus komos; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio gambrisius inopinatus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73 (note)
- Papilio inopinatus; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1893, Rhop. Exot. [1] 2: (Papilio) 27, pl. 12, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 309; [BAUR], 106; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio woodfordi Godman & Salvin, 1888 Bougain, Solomon Is.. See [maps]
- Papilio woodfordi Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (2): 100; TL: Alu & Fauro, Solomon Is.
- Menelaides woodfordi;
- Papilio woodfordi nome; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio woodfordi; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 21, pl. 10, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 9; [BAUR]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus [BAUR]
- P. w. woodfordi Bougainville, Shortland Is.
  - Papilio woodfordi woodfordi; [BAUR], 98; [iNaturalist]
- P. w. choiseuli Rothschild, 1908 Choiseul
  - Papilio woodfordi choiseuli Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 172; TL: Choiseul, Salamons
  - Papilio woodfordi choiseuli; [BAUR], 98 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. w. laarchus Godman & Salvin, 1888 New Georgia Group
  - Papilio laarchus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (3): 214; TL: Rubiana I.
  - Papilio laarchus; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 17, pl. 8, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300
  - Papilio woodfordi laarchus; [BAUR], 98 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. w. ariel Grose-Smith, 1889 Santa Isabel
  - Papilio ariel Grose-Smith, 1889; Ent. mon. Mag. 25: 303; TL: Isabel I.
  - Papilio ariel; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890, Rhop. Exot.: 15, [1] 1: pl. 7, f. 1-2
  - Papilio laarchus ariel; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301
  - Papilio woodfordi ariel; [BAUR], 98 (text); [iNaturalist]
?Papilio erskinei Mathew, 1886 Ugi Is.
- Papilio erskinei Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 348, pl. 34, f. 1; TL: Ugi I, Solomon Is.
- Papilio bridgei erskinei; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio erskinei; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 300; [BAUR], 98 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio woodfordi erskinei;
Papilio ptolychus Godman & Salvin, 1888 Guadalcanal, Florida Is.. See [maps]
- Papilio ptolychus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (2): 99; TL: Guadalcanar I.
- Menelaides ptolychus;
- Papilio ptolychus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301; [BAUR], 98
- Papilio woodfordi ptolychus; [iNaturalist]
?Papilio heringi Niepelt, 1924
- heringi Niepelt, 1924; Int. Ent. Zs. 18: 69; TL: Halmaheira
- Papilio heringi; [iNaturalist]

The godeffroyi species-group

Papilio godeffroyi Semper, 1866 Samoa
- Papilio godeffroyi Semper, 1866; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2: 469, pl. 24, f. 1-2; TL: Upolu
- Papilio godeffroyi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 7; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio amynthor Boisduval, 1859 New Caledonia, , Loyalty Is., Norfolk Is.
- Papilio amynthor Boisduval, 1859; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 7: clv; TL: New Caledonia
- Papilio ilioneus Donovan, 1805; Epitome nat. Hist. Ins. New Holland: pl. 13 (?preocc.); TL: "New South Wales" [error]
- Papilio amphiaraus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 321, 369 (repl. Papilio ilioneus Donovan, 1805)
- Papilio abstrusus Butler, [1876]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875 (4): 618; TL: Maré, Loyalty Is.
  - = Papilio ilioneus amynthor; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 284
- Menelaides amynthor;
- Papilio amynthor amphiaraus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio amynthor amynthor; [BAUR], 100; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio amynthor; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
- Papilio ilioneus amynthor; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 284
- Papilio ilioneus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 337; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 9
- Papilio ilioneus ab. amynthor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 337
- ?Papilio amynthor ilioneus; [BAUR], 100 (text)
Papilio schmeltzi Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 Fiji
- Papilio schmeltzi Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (1-3): 78, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Ovalau
- Papilio schmeltzi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Stettin ent. Ztg 63 (1): 358; [BAUR], 100; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The polytes species-group

Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758

NW.India, Ceylon, India, Burma, Himalayas, W.China, Riu-Kiu. See [maps] Common Mormon

Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460; TL: S.China
Papilio walkeri Janson, 1879; Cistula ent. 2 (21): 433, pl. 8, f. 2; TL: S.India
Papilio depicta Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38
Papilio ocha Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38
Papilio polytes passienus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: S.Celebes
Papilio polytes falcidius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Bangkai
?Papilio polytes (?) nicomachus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Buru
Papilio polytes ab. chrysos Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247; TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
Papilio ab. inaequalis Murayama, 1958; New Ent. 7 (1): 27; TL: Formosa
Papilio ab. nubes Murayama, 1958; New Ent. 7 (1): 27; TL: Formosa
Papilio abdulasizia Tung, 1982; Tokurana (4): 58
Papilio astyanax Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 13 (preocc. Papilio astyanax Fabricius, 1775)
Papilio hector de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 39 (preocc. Papilio hector Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio chalcas Fabricius, 1938; in Bryk, Systema Glossatorum: 24. (preocc.)
Papilio polytes ♂-ab. magicus Murayama, 1959; Tyô to Ga 10 (4): 67, f. 6, 9; TL: Koshun, Formosa

Menelaides polytes; ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Papilio (Menelaides) polytes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
Papilio polytes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343; [BIR], 392; [BMP]; [BOR], 72; [MRS], 134; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Papilio walkeri; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 338

Misidentified/misapplied:

astyanax (= Papilio polyxenes asterius); Scudder, 1898

769x513 (~72Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	769x513 (~72Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	600x400 (~43Kb) larva India: Pune, 15.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
600x400 (~40Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar	600x400 (~31Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar	600x400 (~33Kb) larva India: Pune, 23.8.2008 © Kedar Tokekar
600x400 (~40Kb) upperside India: Pune, 13.9.2008 © Kedar Tokekar	1024x768 (~79Kb) Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Murraya , Triphasia , Aegle , Euodia , Clausena , Atalantia , Poncirus [BMP], Citrus spp., Clausena lansium, Fortunella japonica, Glycosmis citrifolia, Zanthoxylum avicennae, Z. nitidum, Toddalia asiatica [MRS], Aegle , Atalantia , Citrus , Clausena , Euodia , Fortunella , Glycosmis , Micromelum , Murraya , Paramignya , Poncirus , Toddalia , Triphasia , Zanthoxylum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88

f. pammon
- polytes f. pammon; (female form)
- Papilio pammon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460; TL: Asia
- Papilio polytes ♀-f. pammon ab. scintillans Murayama, 1959; Tyô to Ga 10 (4): 67, f. 4, 7; TL: Koshun, Formosa
- Papilio pammon; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 840
1049x776 (~102Kb) ♀ Oppadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Mimics Pachliopta aristolochiae.
f. stichius
- Princeps heroicus stichius Hübner, [1808]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1; TL: pl. [112]
- Papilio polytes stichius; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes ♀-ab. stichius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
- polytes f. stichius; [BIR], 393
P. p. polytes Indo-China, China, Taiwan
- Papilio pammon var. borealis C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (1): 22; TL: Ning-Po
  - = ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
  - = Papilio polytes; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 74 (list)
- Papilio polytes flavolineatus Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; ; TL: Jiangsu, E. China
  - = ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
  - = Papilio polytes; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 74 (list)
- Papilio obscuras Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000; Sichuan
  - = ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
  - = Papilio polytes; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 74 (list)
- Papilio polytes borealis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes polytes; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45 (note); [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

P. p. romulus Cramer, [1775] India - Burma, Ceylon

Papilio romulus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 67, pl. 43, f. A; TL: S. India, Coromandel Coast
Papilio cyrus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 7, no. 19
Papilio mutius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 3; TL: Tranquebar
Papilio polytes var. ceylanicus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319; TL: Rambodde, Ceylon
Papilio sakontala Moore, 1903; 232, pl. 465, f. 1; TL: Sylhet
Papilio polytes polycles Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 309; TL: Okinawa; Ishigaki
Papilio polytes ♀ f. rubida Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 179; TL: Malabar
Papilio polytes romulus ♂-ab. astreans Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 61; TL: S.India
Papilio polytes pammon (?) f. cyroides Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Sikkim
Papili ab. coomani Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio f. joannisi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papiliio ab. obliterata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
polytes romulus ♀-f. polytes
polytes romulus ♀-f. theseus
Papilio polytes ♀-f. cyrus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
Papilio polytes ♀-f. loc. romulus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 347
Papilio polytes neomelanides Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Perak; Singapore

Laertias romulus; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 150, pl. 59, f. 1a-c
Papilio (Princeps) polytes romulus; [BMP]: 69, pl. 3, f. 14
Papilio (Princeps) polytes romulus f. polytes; [BMP]: 69, pl. 3, f. 13
Papilio polytes astreans; [iNaturalist]
Papilio polytes cyrus; [iNaturalist]
Papilio polytes polycles; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 95
Papilio polytes romulus; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45 (note); Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 70 (note), 74 (list); [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio polytes romulus ♀-f. cyrus;
?polytes ♀-f. cyrus; [BIR], 393
?polytes ♀-f. romulus; [BIR], 393

Misidentified/misapplied:

Papilio polytes romulus (= Papilio polytes liujidongi); Huang, 2001

1034x910 (~198Kb) Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1094x883 (~157Kb) upperside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1200x918 (~157Kb) underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Si Racha environs, the Chan-ta-Then River valley at lower reaches, 12th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1231x1025 (~427Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, O'Sieng Lei Cascades, 2nd June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1108x1000 (~336Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Lake Yak Lom, 6th June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1127x1201 (~365Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 31st May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1116x1398 (~309Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Mondukliri Province, a forest brook in rocky valley downstream Buu Sraa Waterfalls, 9th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1089x1077 (~628Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, 12 km NE of Sen Monorom, the ?Pulung River bank at the bridge, 10th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	965x1136 (~460Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province, 1.5 km downstream Kbal Chhay Waterfall, 9th November 2018, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1071x826 (~387Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province, 1.5 km downstream Kbal Chhay Waterfall, 9th November 2018, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. p. alphenor Cramer, [1776] Philippine Mormon
- Papilio alphenor Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 141, pl. 90, f. B; TL: "China" [?error]
- Papilio gronovii Scopoli, 1772; Annus, Historico-Naturalis, 5: 112
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
- Papilio (Menelaides) alphenor; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- Papilio alphenor; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes alphenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351; [iNaturalist]
P. p. theseus Cramer, [1777] Sumatra, Borneo
- Papilio theseus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 128, pl. 180, f. B; TL: Sumatra occ.
- Papilio numa Weber, 1801; Obs. Ent.: 106; TL: Sumatra
- Papilio melanides de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 40, pl. 8, f. 3; TL: Banjermassin, S. Borneo
- Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. nonia Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 61
- ?Papilio polytes valeria Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 62
- Papilio polytes theseus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes theseus ♀-ab. melanides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
- polytes theseus ♀-f. nonia;
- polytes theseus ♀-f. numa;
- polytes theseus ♀-f. theseus;
P. p. ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821 Philippines
- Papilio ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 206, pl. 3, f. 7; TL: Philipp.
  - = Papilio polytes alphenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
- Papilio elyros Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 26 (nom. nud.?); TL: Philippine Is.
  - = Papilio polytes alphenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
- Papilio horsfieldii Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 476; TL: Philippine Is.
  - = Papilio polytes alphenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 351
- Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. horsfieldi Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
- Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. alphenor Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
- Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. loc. ledebourius Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
- Papilio polytes alphenor ♀-f. loc. elyros Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 352
- Papilio polytes ledebourdia f. praxilla Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 62
- Menelaides polytes ledebouria; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 54, f. 4-8, pl. 55, f. 1-3
- Papilio polytes elyros; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes ledebouria; [iNaturalist]
- polytes ledebourdia f. elyros;
- polytes ledebourdia f. horsfieldi;
P. p. nikobarus Felder, 1862 Nicobar Is.
- Papilio pammon var. nikobarus Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2): 483; TL: Nankauri, Nicobar Is.
- Papilio polytes var. nikobarus; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 237
P. p. javanus Felder, 1862 S.Sumatra, Java, Biliton, Bangka, Bali
- Papilio pammon var. javanus Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2): 486; TL: Java
- Papilio antiphus de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 40, pl. 8, f. 2; TL: Pontianak, Banjermassin, Padang
- Papilio polytes javanus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. javanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 349
P. p. alcindor Oberthür, 1879 Sulawesi, Salayer, Buton
- Papilio pammon var. alcindor Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 48, 113, pl. 6, f. 4; TL: Celebes
- Papilio alphenor var. thesalphenor Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 343; TL: Saleyer
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
- Papilio (Menelaides) polytes alcindor; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- Papilio polytes alcindor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350; [iNaturalist]
P. p. timorensis C. & R. Felder, 1864 Wetar, Leti, Timor(?), Babar Is.
- Papilio polytes var. timorensis C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319 (repl. Papilio polyphontes de Haan, 1840); TL: Timor
- Papilio polyphontes de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 39, pl. 8, f. 4; TL: Timor
- Papilio polytes ab. virilis Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 272; TL: Banka I.
- Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. virilis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 349
- Papilio polytes theseus ♀-f. loc. polyphontes Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 350
- ♀-f. timorensis;
- Papilio polytes timorensis; [BAUR], 92; [iNaturalist]
P. p. nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1865 Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan, Obi
- Papilio nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319 (nom. nud.?); TL: Batjan, Halmahera
- Papilio nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 102, pl. 10, f. c, d; TL: Batjan, Halmahera
- Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. manzer Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (1): 65; TL: Batjan
- Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. typicus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (1): 65; TL: Batjan
- Papilio polytes nicanor; [BAUR], 92
- Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. manzer; [BAUR], 93, f.
- Papilio polytes nicanor ♀-f. typicus; [BAUR], 93, f.
P. p. thibetanus Oberthür, 1886 W.Sichuan
- Papilio pammon var. thibetanus Oberthür, 1886; Étud. d'Ent. 11: 14; TL: Chapa
  - = Papilio polytes polytes; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
  - = Papilio polytes sakiboso; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 74 (list)
- Papilio polytes sakiboso Yoshino, 2018; Butterfly Science 12: 72; TL: Ximen County, 1500m, Mt Kongashan, W.Sichuan
- Papilio polytes borealis ab. thibetanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348
- Papilio polytes thibetanus; [MRS], 134
P. p. mandane Rothschild, 1895 W.China
- Papilio polytes ♀-f. mandane Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348; TL: W.China.
- Papilio polytes mandane; [MRS], 134
P. p. perversus Rothschild, 1895 Talaud, Sangir
- Papilio polytes perversus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353; TL: Sangir; Talaut
- Papilio polytes ♀-f. martius Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353
- Papilio polytes ♀-f. atavus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 353
- Papilio polytes alcindor ♀-f. alpheios Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 343
  - = ; Moonen, 1998, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 49 (3): 225
- Papilio (Menelaides) alphenor perversus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- Papilio polytes alpheios; Fruhstorfer, 1909, Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178
- Papilio polytes atavus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio polytes perversus; [iNaturalist]
P. p. polycritos Fruhstorfer, 1902 Banggai, Sula Is.
- Papilio polytes polycritos Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 343; TL: Sula-Besi; Sula-Mangoli
- Papilio (Menelaides) alphenor polycritos; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
P. p. messius Fruhstorfer, 1909 Lombok
- Papilio polytes messius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178 (?preocc. Papilio demolion messius Fruhstorfer, 1908)
- Papilio polytes messius; [iNaturalist]
P. p. vigellius Fruhstorfer, 1909 Bawean
- Papilio polytes vigellius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Bawean
- Papilio polytes vigellius; [iNaturalist]
P. p. pasikrates Fruhstorfer, 1908 Taiwan, Philippines (Batanes)
- Papilio polytes pasikrates ♂ ab. gynaiensis Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963; Tyô to Ga 13 (3): 58, f. 29-30; TL: Gynai, Formosa
- Papilio polytes pasikrates ♀ ab. baikeiensis Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963; Tyô to Ga 13 (3): 58, f. 37; TL: Baikei, Formosa
- polytes pasikrates f. fulvifasciatus Shirozu
- Menelaides polytes pasikrates; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 54, f. 1-3
- Papilio polytes pasikrates; [MRS], 134
Larva on Citrus spp., Zanthoxylum nitidum, Clausena excavata, Toddalia asiatica [MRS]
P. p. sotira Jordan, 1909 Sumbawa
- Papilio polytes sotira Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 61; TL: Sumbawa
P. p. tucanus Jordan, 1909 Tukangbesi Is.
- Papilio polytes tucanus Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 62
- Papilio (Menelaides) polytes tucanus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
P. p. stichioides Evans, 1927 S.Andaman
- Papilio stichioides Evans, 1927; Indian Butterflies (ed. 1): 32
P. p. rubidimacula Talbot, 1932 Tibet, W.Yunnan
- Papilio polytes rubidimacula Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 155
- Papilio polytes liujidongi Huang, 2003; Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45, pl. 4, f. 7-10; TL: Nidadan, Nujian valley, NW.Yunnan
  - = ; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 70
- Papilio polytes rubidimacula; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 74 (list)
P. p. takahashii Sonan, 1936 Japan
- Papilio polytes takahashii Sonan, 1936; Zephyrus 6 (3/4): 205
P. p. steffi (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Bongao, Sibutu, Tawitawi)
- Menelaides polytes steffi Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
- Menelaides polytes steffi; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 55, f. 3-5
P. p. latreilloides Yoshino, 2018 N.Yunnan
- Papilio polytes latreilloides Yoshino, 2018; Butterfly Science 12: 69, 74 (list); TL: Weixi County, 2500m, N.Yunnan, China
- Papilio polytes yunnana Mell, 1938; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 1938 (2): 313 (preocc. Papilio yunnana Oberthür, 1907)
  - = Papilio polytes polytes; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 45
  - = ; Yoshino, 2018, Butterfly Science 12: 70
- Papilio polytes latreilloides; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

Papilio ambrax Boisduval, 1832 New Guinea - Queensland. See [maps] Ambrax Butterfly
- Papilio ambrax Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1: 40; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio orophanes Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 275; TL: "Pris au pays des Papous ou aux Moluques"
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 354
- Papilio ambrax decebalus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio ambrax decebalus f. ambracina Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio ambrax mazaios Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: New Guinea, Milne Bay
- Papilio ambrax akames Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Fergusson I.
- Menelaides ambrax;
- Papilio ambrax; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 354; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 73; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 15; [BAUR]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Larva on Citrus , Morinda citrifolia [BAUR], Citrus spp., Clausena brevistyla, Limonia acidissima, Microcitrus garrawayae, M. inodora, Murraya koenigii, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. brachyacanthum, Z. nitidum, Z. ovalifolium Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.
- P. a. ambrax W.Irian - Papua
  - Papilio ambracia Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 54; TL: Waigeu
  - Papilio ambrax ♂-ab. conspectus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 355; TL: Waigeu
  - Papilio ambrax ambrax ♀-f. lutosa Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178
  - Papilio ambrax ambrax; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 107; [BAUR], 93 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ambrax ab. ambracius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 355
- P. a. dunali Montrouzier, 1856 Woodlark I.
  - Papilio dunali Montrouzier, 1856; Ann. Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 396; TL: Woodlark I.
  - Papilio ambrax dunali; [BAUR], 93 (text)
  - Papilio dunali; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
- P. a. epirus Wallace, 1865 Aru
  - Papilio epirus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 54; TL: Aru Is.
  - Papilio ambrax epirus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BAUR], 93 (text)
- P. a. egipius Miskin, 1876 Queensland
  - Papilio egipius Miskin, 1876; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1876 (3): 451; TL: Rockingham Bay
  - Papilio ambrax egipius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BAUR], 93; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. artanus Rothschild, 1908 Mefor, Geelvink Bay
  - Papilio ambrax artanus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173; TL: Suer, Mefor I., Geelvink Bay
  - Papilio ambrax artanus; [BAUR], 93 (text)
Papilio phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 Solomon Is., New Britain. See [maps]
- Papilio phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2): pl. 14, f. 2
- Menelaides phestus;
- Papilio phestus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 356; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 6; [BAUR]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus [BAUR]
- P. p. phestus New Ireland, New Hanover
  - Papilio phestus phestus; [BAUR], 94 (text)
- P. p. parkinsoni Honrath, 1886 New Britain
  - Papilio parkinsoni Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30 (1): 129, pl. 5, f. 1; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio parkinsoni var. minor Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30 (1): 130, pl. 5, f. 2; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio phestus parkinsoni; [BAUR], 94
  - Papilio phestus ab. minor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
- P. p. reductus Rothschild, 1915 Admiralty Is.
  - Papilio phestus reductus Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 193; TL: Manus, Admiralty Islands
  - Papilio phestus reductus; [BAUR], 94 (text)
- P. p. minusculus Ribbe, 1898 Solomon Is. - New Georgia Group
  - Papilio parkinsoni var. minusculus Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (21): 161
  - Papilio phestus minusculus; [BAUR], 94 (text)

The castor species-group

Papilio castor Westwood, 1842 Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [maps] Common Raven
- Papilio castor Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 37; TL: Sylhet
- Papilio pollux Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 37; TL: Sylhet
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357
- Menelaides castor;
- Papilio castor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 357; [BIR], 291; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 14; [BOR], 88; [MRS], 142; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- ?Tamera castor;
- P. c. castor Assam, Sikkim
  - Papilio castor castor; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. dioscurus Jordan, 1909 N.Vietnam
  - Papilio castor dioscurus Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 45; TL: Than Moi, N.Vietnam
  - Papilio castor dioscurus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. c. phanrangensis Fruhstorfer, 1901 S.Vietnam
  - Papilio mahadeva phanrangensis Fruhstorfer, 1901; Soc. Ent. 16 (13): 98; TL: S. Annam
  - Papilio castor phanrangensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. khmer Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912 Cambodia
  - Papilio castor var. khmer Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 246; TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
  - Papilio castor khmer; [iNaturalist]
- P. c. hamela Crowley, 1900 Hainan
  - Papilio hamela Crowley, 1900; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1900 (3): 509, pl. 35, f. 3; TL: Hainan
  - Papilio castor hamela; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio castor hamelus; [MRS], 142
- P. c. formosanus Rothschild, 1896 Taiwan
  - Papilio castor formosanus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (4): 423; TL: N.Formosa, hills near Kelung
  - ?Papilio gotonis Matsumura, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (13): 54; TL: Formosa
  - ?Papilio gotonis Matsumura, 1908; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 2: 73; TL: Formosa, Hoppo
  - Papilio castor formosanus ab. apicalis Esaki & Nomura, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (1): 11
  - Papilio castor formosanus; [MRS], 142; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on Toddalia asiatica, Murraya paniculata, M. crenulata, Clycosmis citrifolia [MRS]
- P. c. kanlanpanus
  - Papilio castor kanlanpanus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason, 1880 W.Ghats. See [maps] Malabar Raven
- Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason, 1880; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (3): 144, pl. 8, f. 1; TL: Koppa Anche, Kadur District, Mysore, S.India, ~2500ft
- Papilio dravidarum; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 359; [BIR], 390; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 14; [BOR], 88; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Mimic of Euploea core.[BIR]
Papilio mahadeva Moore, 1878 -. See [maps] Burmese Raven
- Papilio mahadeva Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 840, pl. 51, f. 1; TL: Upper Tenasserim, Moolai to Moolat, 4500ft
- ?maheswara ?Fruhstorfer, 1909
  - = Papilio castor mahadeva; Jordan, 1909, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 45
- Menelaides mahadeva;
- Papilio (Princeps) mahadeva; [BMP]: 70, pl. 3, f. 10
- Papilio castor mahadeva; Jordan, 1909, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 45, pl. 31 d; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- Papilio mahadeva; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 359; [BOR], 88; [CoL] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Papilio mahadevus; [MRS], 143
- P. m. mahadeva Thailand
  
  781x674 (~188Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, the river upstream Buu Sraa Waterfall, 12th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
- P. m. mehala Grose-Smith, 1886 Burma
  - Papilio mehala Grose-Smith, 1886; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18 (104): 150; TL: Tungu, Burma
  - Papilio castor mehala; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 358; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio mehala; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1888, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 3, pl. 2, f. 1-2
- P. m. selangoranus Fruhstorfer, 1901 N.Peninsular Malaya
  - Papilio mahadeva selangoranus Fruhstorfer, 1901; Soc. Ent. 16 (7): 51; TL: Selangore, Malaysia
  - Papilio castor selangoranus; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. choui Li, 1994 Guangxi
  - Papilio mahadevus choui Li, 1994; in Chou, Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium 1-2: 750, 143, f. 4; TL: Longzhou (Nonggang 240m), Guanxi

The fuscus species-group

Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779 Timor, N.Australia, New Guinea. See [maps]
- Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 87
- Papilio canopus sumbanus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (2): 231; TL: Patadala, Sumba
- Papilio capaneus f. yorkeanus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (1/2): 60; TL: Cape York
- ?Papilio yorkiana Fruhstorfer, 1900
- Papilio fuscus offakus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Ent. Zs. 18 (12): 45; TL: Waigiu
- Papilio fuscus offakus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 143; TL: Waigiu
- Papilio fuscus dayacus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 171; TL: N.Borneo
- Papilio fuscus oitylus Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74; TL: Yule I.
- Papilio fuscus pyrgoteles Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74; TL: St. Aignan
- Papilio fuscus f. lamponiides Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 23, pl. 13, f. 2; TL: Rook I.
- Menelaides fuscus;
- Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- Papilio albinus lamponiides; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
- Papilio fuscus burgessi; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio fuscus cristobalensis; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio fuscus oitylus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio fuscus pyrgoteles; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio fuscus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 292; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 10; [BAUR]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Larva on Citrus , Glycosmis , (Papua) Micromelum minutum, (Bougainville) [BAUR] Bosistoa brassii, Citrus aurantium, C. aurantifolia, C. limon, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Citrus spp., Clausena brevistyla, Fagara sp., Glycosmis pentaphylla, Halfordia scleroxyla, Microcitrus australasica, M. garrawayae, M. inodora, Micromelum minutum, Murraya koenigii, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. brachyacanthum, Z. nitidum Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Morinda , Bosistoa , Citrus , Clausena , Euodia , Fagara , Geijera , Glycosmis , Halfordia , Microcitrus , Micromelum , Murraya , Zanthoxylum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- P. f. fuscus Buru, Ambon, Serang
  - Papilio cinereomaculatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
  - Papilio severus Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): 153, pl. 277, f. A, B; TL: Amboina
  - Papilio castaneus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 88
  - Papilio fuscus madanus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (24): 188
  - Papilio fuscus madanus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 21 (33): 203; TL: Buru, Mt Mada
  - Papilio fuscus castaneus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 294
  - Papilio fuscus fuscus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [BAUR], 96 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. f. canopus Westwood, 1842 NW.Australia, Northern Territory, Melville
  - Papilio canopus Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 38; TL: Melville I.
  - Papilio canopus canopus; [BAUR], 97
  - Papilio canopus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 341; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 13; [BAUR], 97; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio fuscus canopus; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. capaneus Westwood, 1843 Cape York - Northern N.S.W, N.Queensland Capaneus Butterfly
  - Papilio capaneus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 2: 15, pl. 52, f. 1-2; TL: Australia
  - Papilio capaneus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio fuscus capaneus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 296; [BAUR], 95; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. vollenhovii C. & R. Felder, 1865 Timor
  - Papilio vollenhovii C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 318 (nom. nud.?); TL: Arch. mal.
  - Papilio vollenhovii C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 97, pl. 10, f. f
  - Papilio canopus vollenhovii; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BAUR], 97 (text)
- P. f. pertinax Wallace, 1865 Sulawesi, Tukangbesi, Salaya, Sula Is.
  - Papilio pertinax Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 49, pl. 5, f. 4; TL: Celebes
    
    = Papilio fuscus castaneus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 294
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus pertinax; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- P. f. hypsicles Hewitson, 1868 New Hebrides
  - Papilio hypsicles Hewitson, 1868; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio IX): [18], pl. [9], f. 29; TL: New Hebrides
  - Papilio canopus hypsicles; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 341; [BAUR], 97
  - Papilio hypsicles; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. indicatus Butler, 1876 S.New Guinea, Papua, D'Entrecasteaux, Woodlark, Lousiades, Torres Straits Is.
  - Papilio indicatus Butler, 1876; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 18 (105): 248; TL: Pt. Moresby
  - Papilio fuscus indicatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 296; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74 (note); [BAUR], 96 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio indicatus; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1888, Rhop. Exot.: 7, [1] 3: pl. 3, f. 1-2
- P. f. cilix Godman & Salvin, 1879 New Hanover, New Ireland
  - Papilio cilix Godman & Salvin, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 653; TL: New Ireland
  - Papilio albinus cilix; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74 (note)
  - Papilio cilix; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297
  - Papilio fuscus cilix; [BAUR], 96 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. f. minor Oberthür, 1879² N.Sulawesi, Sangihe
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus minor; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- P. f. beccarii Oberthür, 1880 W.Irian, NW.New Guinea
  - Papilio beccarii Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 46 (nom. nud); TL: Dorey
  - Papilio beccarii Oberthür, 1880; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 15: 461, pl. 3, f. 1; TL: Waigeu, Andai
  - Papilio fuscus beccarii; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 295; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74; [BAUR], 96 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. f. thomsoni Butler, 1884 Kai Is.
  - Papilio thomsoni Butler, 1884; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 13 (75): 197; TL: Key Dulan
  - Papilio langeni Druce, 1888; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 2 (9): 234; TL: Key Is.
    
    = Papilio albinus thomsoni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
  - Papilio albinus thomsoni ab. mordingtoni Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (3): 322; TL: Little Kei I.
  - Papilio albinus thomsoni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
  - Papilio fuscus thomsoni; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. xenophilus Mathew, 1886 Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel, New Georgia Group
  - Papilio xenophilus Mathew, 1886; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886: 348; TL: Ugi, Solomon Is.
  - Papilio fuscus epibomius Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 21 (33): 204; TL: Florida I.
  - Papilio fuscus epibomius; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74 (note)
  - Papilio fuscus xenophilus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297; [BAUR], 96
- P. f. rotalita (Swinhoe, 1893) Aru, Key
  - Charus rotalita Swinhoe, 1893; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 12 (70): 257; TL: Key Is.
  - Papilio septimius Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 345; TL: Aru I.
  - Papilio fuscus rotalita; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 295; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. hypsiclides Rothschild, 1894 Wetar
  - Papilio vollenhovii hypsiclides Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 685:Wetter I.
  - Papilio canopus hypsiclides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BAUR], 97 (text)
- P. f. alorensis Rothschild, 1894 Alor
  - Papilio vollenhovii alorensis Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 686; TL: Alor
  - Papilio canopus alorensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342
  - Papilio fuscus alorensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. umbrosus Rothschild, 1894 Sambawa
  - Papilio vollenhovii umbrosus Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 686; TL: Sambawa
  - Papilio canopus umbrosus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342
- P. f. lunifer Rothschild, 1895 Talaud, Sangie Is.
  - Papilio hipponous lunifer Rothschild, 1894; Novit. Zool. 1 (5): 687; TL: Sangir I. (Sangi, Sanghi, Sanghir)
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus lunifer; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
  - Papilio hipponous lunifer; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343
- P. f. canopinus Rothschild, 1895 Romang, Leti Is.
  - Papilio canopus canopinus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; TL: Moa Island
  - Papilio canopus kallon Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (20): 157; TL: Roma I.
  - Papilio canopus kallon Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 142; TL: Roma I.
  - Papilio canopus canopinus; [BAUR], 97 (text)
  - Papilio fuscus canopinus; [iNaturalist]
- P. f. tenimberensis Rothschild, 1896 Tanimbar, Babar
  - Papilio canopus tenimberensis Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (1): 65; TL: Timorlaut
  - Papilio canopus babberensis Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 311; TL: Babber
  - Papilio canopus tenimberensis; [BAUR], 97
- P. f. hasterti Ribbe, 1907 Bougainville, Choiseul
  - Papilio xenophilus hasterti Ribbe, 1907; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 20 (1,2): 62, pl. 4, f. 1-2; TL: Bougainville
  - Papilio fuscus hasterti; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. porrothenus Jordan, 1909 Tanadjampea, Kalao, SW.Sulawesi
  - Papilio fuscus porrothenus Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 56
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus porrothenus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- P. f. lapathus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bachan
  - Papilio fuscus lapathus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (24): 189; TL: Batjan
  - Papilio fuscus lapathus; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. ombiranus Rothschild, 1898 Obi
  - Papilio fuscus ombiranus Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5: 417; TL: Obi
  - Papilio fuscus ombiranus; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. croton Fruhstorfer, 1904 Damar
  - Papilio canopus croton Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (23): 180; TL: Dammer I.
  - Papilio canopus croton; [BAUR], 97 (text)
- P. f. metagenes Fruhstorfer, 1904 Tukangbesi (Binongko)
  - Papilio fuscus metagenes Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (24): 188; TL: Binongko, Kalidupa
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus metagenes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- P. f. lamponius Fruhstorfer, 1904 New Britain
  - Papilio cilix lamponius Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (24): 189; TL: Neu-Pommern
  - Papilio albinus lamponius; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74 (note)
  - Papilio fuscus lamponius; [BAUR], 96 (text)
- P. f. talyabona Joicey & Talbot, 1932² Sula
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus talyabona; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
- P. f. wasiensis Hanafusa, 1991² Tukangbesi (Wangiwangi)
  - Papilio (Menelaides) fuscus wasiensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 88
Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1865 Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra. See [maps]
- Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 107, pl. 15, f. d; TL: Malacca
- Papilio prexaspes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 320 (nom. nud); TL: Malacca
- Papilio (Princeps) prexaspes prexaspes; [BMP]: 69, pl. 4, f. 2
- Papilio fuscus prexaspes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 297; [BOR]
- Papilio prexaspes prexaspes; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- Papilio prexaspes; [iNaturalist]
Perhaps some other taxa from fusca need to be moved under prexaspes?
- P. p. andamanicus Rothschild, 1908 Andaman Is.
  - Papilio fuscus andamanicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 171; TL: Andaman I.
  - Papilio prexaspes andamanicus; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. p. intricatus Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2003 N.Vietnam
  - Papilio prexaspes intricatus Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2003; Atalanta 34 (1/2): 78; TL: N.Vietnam, Lang Son, Huu Lien Nature Reserve, 200m
  - Papilio prexaspes intricatus; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio albinus Wallace, 1865 -. See [maps]
- Papilio albinus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 49, pl. 5, f. 5; TL: Dutch New Guinea
- Menelaides albinus;
- Papilio albinus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 298; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 74; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. albinus West Irian
  - Papilio leucophanes Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (3): 584; TL: Humboldt Bay, New Guinea
  - Papilio albinus albinus; [BAUR], 98; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio albinus ab. leucophanes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
- P. a. lesches Godman & Salvin, 1880 New Guinea
  - Papilio lesches Godman & Salvin, 1880; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1880: 614; TL: N. of Pt. Moresby, N. Guinea
  - Papilio bicolor Kirby, 1887; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 19 (113): 361; TL: New Guinea
    
    = Papilio lesches; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
  - Papilio albinus lesches; [BAUR], 98 (text); [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio albinus ab. lesches; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 299
  - Papilio bicolor; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1888, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 7, pl. 3, f. 3-4, [3]:(Additions-Corrections) vii
Papilio pitmani Elwes & de Nicéville, [1887] S.Burma, Thailand. See [maps]
- Papilio pitmani Elwes & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt. II (5): 434, pl. 20, f. 1; TL: Tavoy, S.Myanmar
- Papilio hipponous siamensis Godfrey, 1916; J. nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 2 (2): 110; TL: E.Thailand
- Papilio hipponous pitmani;
- Papilio pitmani; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. duboisi Vitalis de Salvaza, 1921 C.Vietnam
  - Papilio pitmani duboisi Vitalis de Salvaza, 1921; Faune ent. Indo-Chine fr. 3: 12
Papilio hipponous C. & R. Felder, 1862 -. See [maps]
- Papilio hipponous C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (9): 283; TL: Luzon, Mindanao
- Menelaides hipponous;
- Papilio (Menelaides) hipponous; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- Papilio hipponous; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 342; [BOR], 70; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17
- P. h. hipponous Philippines (Camiguin de Luzon, Luzon)
  - Menelaides hipponous hipponous; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 7-8
- P. h. bazilanus Fruhstorfer, 1899 Philippines (Basilan, Mindanao)
  - Papilio hipponous bazilanus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 420; TL: Bazilan
  - Menelaides hipponous bazilanus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 3
  - Papilio hipponous bazilanus; [iNaturalist]
- P. h. leptosephus Fruhstorfer, 1909 ?Assam
  - Papilio pitmani leptopsephus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Tonkin?
  - Papilio hipponous leptosephus; [iNaturalist]
- P. h. gamay (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Balabac, Palawan)
  - Menelaides hipponous gamay Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous gamay; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 1-2
- P. h. madil (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Busuanga)
  - Menelaides hipponous madil Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous madil; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 3-4
- P. h. daku (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Marinduque, Mindoro)
  - Menelaides hipponous daku Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous daku; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 5-6
- P. h. rolandi (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Panay, Bohol, Siquijor, Negros)
  - Menelaides hipponous rolandi Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous rolandi; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 45, f. 7-8, pl. 46, f. 1
- P. h. palpag (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Sibuti, Tawitawi)
  - Menelaides hipponous palpag Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous palpag; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 2
- P. h. lynn (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Cuyo Is.)
  - Menelaides hipponous lynn Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Menelaides hipponous lynn; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 4
Papilio diophantus Grose-Smith, 1883 Sumatra. See [maps]
- Papilio diophantus Grose-Smith, 1883; Ent. mon. Mag. 19: 234; TL: Sumatra
- Menelaides diophantus;
- Papilio diophantus; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1887, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 1, pl. 1, f. 3-4; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 292; [BOR], 68; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio antonio Hewitson, 1875 Philippines. See [maps]
- Papilio antonio Hewitson, 1875; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio XIV): [25], pl. [14], f. 46
- Papilio antonio; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 284; [BOR], 62; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. antonia Philippines (Basilan, Leyte, Mindanao)
  - Papilio antonio antonia; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 3-4
- P. a. negrosiana Schröder & Treadaway, 1991 Philippines (S.Negros)
  - Papilio antonio negrosiana; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 44, f. 5-6
Papilio noblei de Nicéville, [1889] Burma. See [maps]
- Papilio noblei de Nicéville, [1889]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 57 Pt.II (4): 287; TL: Karen Hills
- Papilio henricus Oberthür, 1893; Étud. d'Ent. 17: 3, pl. 4, f. 39; TL: Muang-Mou, Tonkin
- Papilio noblei haynei Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 249; TL: Myitkyina, N.Burma
- Papilio f. anteratra Rousseau-Decelle, 1947; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51 (9): 129; TL: Tonkin
- Papilio noblei; [BOR], 62; [MRS], 142; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. n. noblei Burma - Tavoy - N.Laos
- P. n. hoa Gabriel, 1945 N.Vietnam
  - Papilio noblei hoa Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152; TL: Chiem Hoa, C. Tonkin
  - Papilio noblei hoa ?Fruhstorfer
Papilio sakontala Hewitson, 1852 N.India - Assam, Naga Hills. See [maps]
- Papilio sakontala Hewitson, 1852; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 2 (1): 24, pl. 5, f. 1; TL: Sylhet
- Papilio sakontala; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 343; [BOR], 72
- ?Papilio polytes ab. sakontala; [Torben B. Larsen]
Papilio jordani Fruhstorfer, 1902 N.Celebes. See [maps] Jordan's Mormon
- Papilio jordani Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (10): 74; TL: SE.Celebes
- Papilio (Menelaides) jordani; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
- Papilio jordani; Fruhstorfer, 1906, Ent. Zs. 20 (10): 65, f. 1; [BOR], 70; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The helenus species-group

Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758

W.China, Ceylon, W.Ghats, Nilgiris, Palnis, Shevaroys, Coorg, Bangalore, Mussoorie - Assam, Burma, Japan, Riu-Kiu. See [maps] Red Helen

Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 459; TL: Canton, China

Charus helenus; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149, pl. 58, f. 3
Menelaides helenus; ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Papilio helenus; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 840; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 284; [BIR], 392; [BOR], 64; [MRS], 138; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

1094x884 (~319Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 24th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1231x1186 (~686Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 24th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1632x1075 (~449Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, the Thma Bang River left tributary downstream the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 24th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1110x1078 (~430Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 24th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1024x768 (~149Kb) Yona, Okinawa, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Zanthoxylum , Citrus , Toddalia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17

P. h. helenus N.India - China, Indo-China - Peninsular Malaya, Pulau Tioman
- Papilio helenus ab. rufatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286; TL: Sikkim
- Papilio helenus ab. aurea Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247; TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
- Papilio helenus aspadantus Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75; TL: Malaya
- Papilio (Princeps) helenus helenus; [BMP]: 69, pl. 4, f. 6-7
- Papilio helenus helenus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Larva on Zanthoxylum , Citrus [BMP]
P. h. hystaspes C. & R. Felder, 1862 Philippines
- Papilio hystaspes C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (9): 283
- Papilio varasi Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 465; TL: Philippines
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288
- Menelaides helenus hystaspes; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 55, f. 6-8, pl. 56, f. 1-4
- Papilio helenus hystaspes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288
- Papilio hystaspes; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
P. h. nicconicolens Butler, 1881 Japan
- Papilio nicconicolens Butler, 1881; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 7 (38): 139; TL: Nikko
- Papilio helenus nicconicolens ab. grandis Watari, 1936; Zephyrus 6: 190
- Papilio helenus nicconicolens; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 95; [iNaturalist]
P. h. daksha Hampson, 1888 S.India
- Papilio (Charus) daksha Hampson, 1888; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 57 (4): 363
- Papilio daksha; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio helenus daksha; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286; [iNaturalist]
P. h. palawanicus Staudinger, 1888 Philippines (Palawan, Balabac)
- Papilio helenus var. palawanicus Staudinger, 1888; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (5): 278; TL: Palawan
- Menelaides helenus palawanicus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 56, f. 5-8
- Papilio helenus palawanicus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note)
P. h. enganius Doherty, 1891 Sumatra, Java - Lombok, Borneo
- Papilio (Charus) helenus var. enganius Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (1): 31; TL: Engano
- ?Papilio helenus neohelenus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Berl. ent. Zs. 49 (1/2): 198; TL: Borneo
- Papilio helenus enganius; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 75 (note); Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106; [iNaturalist]
P. h. mooreanus Rothschild, 1895 Ceylon
- Papilio helenus mooreanus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 286; TL: Ceylon
- Papilio helenus mooreanus; [iNaturalist]
P. h. biseriatus Rothschild, 1895 Timor
- Papilio helenus biseriatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 287; TL: Dili
- Papilio biseriatus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio helenus biseriatus; [BAUR], 92
P. h. tambora Rothschild, 1908 Sumbawa
- Papilio helenus tambora Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 170; TL: Sumbawa
P. h. mangarinus Rothschild, 1908 Flores
- Papilio helenus mangarinus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 170; TL: S.Flores
- Papilio mangarinus; [iNaturalist]
P. h. jindanus Rothschild, 1908 Sumba
- Papilio helenus jindanus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 170; TL: Sumba
P. h. fortunius Fruhstorfer, 1908 Taiwan
- Papilio helenus fortunius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38; TL: Formosa, Kagi
- Papilio helenus fortunius ab. opacus Murayama & Shimonoya, 1966; Tyô to Ga 15 (3/4): 58, f. 4; TL: Poli
- Papilio helenus fortunius; [MRS], 138; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus spp., Zanthoxylum nitidum, Z. ailanthoides, Toddalia asiatica, Euodia meliifolia, Fagara nitida [MRS]
P. h. boloboca Page & Treadaway, 1996 Philippines (Sanga Sanga, Tawitawi)
- Menelaides helenus boloboca; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 10, pl. 57, f. 1-3

Papilio sataspes C. & R. Felder, 1865 Celebes. See [maps]
- Papilio sataspes C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 106, pl. 15, f. e; TL: Celebes
- Papilio sataspes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 320 (nom. nud.)
- Papilio hecuba Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 51, pl. 5, f. 3; TL: Macassar, Celebes
- Menelaides sataspes;
- Papilio (Menelaides) sataspes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- Papilio helenus sataspes;
- Papilio iswara sataspes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
- Papilio sataspes; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 6 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. sataspes Sulawesi
  - Papilio (Menelaides) sataspes sataspes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
- P. s. artaphernes Honrath, 1886 Bangkai I.
  - Papilio helenus var. artaphernes Honrath, 1886; Berl. ent. Z. 30 (2): 295; TL: Bangkai I.
  - Papilio (Menelaides) sataspes artaphernes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
  - Papilio iswara artaphernes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
- P. s. ahasverus Staudinger, 1895 Sula I.
  - Papilio artaphernes var.(?) ahasverus Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 347; TL: Mangola, Sulla Is.
    
    = Papilio iswara artaphernes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 289
  - Papilio (Menelaides) sataspes ahasverus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 87
Papilio iswaroides Fruhstorfer, 1898 Malaysia, Sumatra. See [maps]
- Papilio helenus iswaroides Fruhstorfer, 1898; Ent. Zs. 11 (24): 189
- Papilio helenus iswaroides Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 304; TL: Mt. Battak
- Papilio iswaroides; [BOR], 66; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. i. iswaroides Sumatra
- P. i. curtisi Jordan, 1909 Peninsular Malaya
  - Papilio iswaroides curtisi Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 55
  - Papilio (Princeps) iswaroides curtisi; [BMP]: 69, pl. 4, f. 8
Papilio iswara White, 1842 -. See [maps]
- Papilio iswara White, 1842; Entomologist 1: 280; TL: Penang, Malaysia
- Menelaides iswara;
- Papilio iswara; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 288; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 6; [BOR], 68; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. i. iswara S.Burma - Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka
  - Papilio (Princeps) iswara iswara; [BMP]: 69, pl. 4, f. 5
  - Papilio iswara iswara; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. i. araspes C. & R. Felder, 1859 N.Borneo, Natuna Is.
  - Papilio araspes C. & R. Felder, 1859; Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (11): 321; TL: "Luzon" [error]
  - Papilio iswara araspes; Fruhstorfer, 1899, Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 421

Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836

-. See [maps]

Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 210; TL: Java

Menelaides nephelus;
Papilio nephelus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 290; [BOR], 64; [BOW]: p. 135, f. 1; [MRS], 140; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

P. n. nephelus Java
P. n. annulus Pendlebury, 1936 Peninsular Malaya
- Papilio annulus Pendlebury, 1936; J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 18 (1): 180
- Papilio nephelus raya Corbet, 1937; Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 6 (3): 46; TL: Langkawi
- Papilio (Princeps) nephelus annulus; [BMP]: 68, pl. 4, f. 3
- Papilio annulus Pendlebury, 1936;
- Papilio nephelus annulus; [iNaturalist]

P. n. chaon Westwood, 1845 Orissa, Nepal - Assam, N.Burma, S.Yunnan Yellow Helen

Papilio chaon Westwood, 1845; Arcana entomologica, 2: 97; TL: Assam
Papilio chaon dispensator Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73; TL: Tonkin
Papilio chaon duketius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73; TL: Thailand
Papilio chaon chaon f. leucacantha Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73; TL: Sikkim
Papilio chaon ab. paryphanta Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 53; TL: Cherra Punji, Assam
Papilio chaon ab. xanthia Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912 (11): 247; TL: Pnom-Penh, Cambodia
Papilio ab. pseudochaonulus Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 42
Papilio ab. tripunctata Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 42
Papilio chaon f. ukon Matsumura, 1939; Insecta Matsumurana 13 (4): 111; TL: Formosa, Hori

Menelaides chaon;
Papilio chaon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291; [BIR], 392; [iNaturalist]
Papilio nephelus chaon; [MRS], 140; [iNaturalist]

1157x1078 (~299Kb) underside Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Tatai village, 'Oculata brook' at Phum Doung bridge, 25th May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1166x914 (~367Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Sen Monorom, the garden of Long Vibol Guesthause, 13th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1224x1016 (~407Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Sen Monorom, the garden of Long Vibol Guesthause, 13th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. n. albolineatus Forbes, 1885 Sumatra, Borneo
- Papilio albolineatus Forbes, 1885; Natur. Wand. E. Archip.: 275; TL: Borneo
- Papilio nephelus saturnus ♀-ab. albolineatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291
P. n. uranus Weymer, 1885 Nias
- Papilio uranus Weymer, 1885; Stettin ent. Ztg. 46 (4-6): 271; TL: I. of Nias
- Papilio nephelus uranus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291
P. n. ducenarius Fruhstorfer, 1908 S.Burma
- Papilio chaon ducenarius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (18): 73; TL: Tenasserim
P. n. chaonulus Fruhstorfer, 1902 S.China, Haina, Taiwan
- Papilio chaon chaonulus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (10): 73; TL: Hainan, Five Finger Mts
- ?♂-ab. horina Tanaka
- ?♂-ab. iucomptus Murayama
- Papilio nephelus chaonulus; [MRS], 140; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Toddalia asiatica, Euodia meliifolia, Fagara rhetsa, Citrus spp. [MRS]
P. n. siporanus Hagen, 1898 Mentawai Is.
- Papilio siporanus Hagen, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (13): 193; TL: Mentawej Island
- Papilio siporanus Hagen, 1902; Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. 20: 320, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Mentawej
P. n. tellonus Fruhstorfer, 1906 Batu Is.
- Papilio nephelus tellonus Fruhstorfer, 1906; Ent Zs. 20 (15): 99, (16):105; TL: Batu I.
P. n. sunatus Corbet, 1940 Peninsular Malaya Back and White Helen
- Papilio nephelus sunatus Corbet, 1940; Entomologist 73 (921): 39 (repl. Papilio saturnus Guérin-Méneville, 1840); TL: "Côte Malaye"
- Papilio saturnus Guérin-Méneville, 1840; Rev. zool. (Soc. Cuvièr) 3 (2): 43 (preocc.); TL: "Côte Malaye"
- Papilio neptunus Guérin-Méneville, 1843; in Delessert, Souvenirs Voy. Inde (2): 69, pl. 18 (preocc. Papilio neptunus Guérin-Méneville, 1840)
- Papilio (Princeps) nephelus sunatus; [BMP]: 68, pl. 4, f. 4
- Papilio nephelus saturnus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 290
- Papilio nephelus sunatus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- Papilio saturnus; Guérin-Méneville, 1843, in Delessert, Souvenirs Voy. Inde (2): 70, pl. 19
Larva on Zanthoxylum rhetsa [BMP]

Papilio nubilus Staudinger, 1895 Borneo. See [maps]
- Papilio nubilus Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 344; TL: Brunei, N. Borneo
- Papilio nubilus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 291; [BOR], 70
- P. n. nubilus N.Borneo
- P. n. musianus Rothschild, 1899
  - Papilio nubilus musianus Rothschild, 1899; Novit. Zool. 6 (1): 67; TL: Upper Palembang district

The memnon species-group

Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758

China, Sikkim - Assam, Burma, Japan. See [maps] Great Mormon

Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460; TL: Asia
?Papilio memnon ab. sitolensis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 44 (1/2): 59; TL: Nias
?Papilio memnon ab. sericatus Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 427
Papilio memnon f. taihokuana Matsumura, 1929; Insecta Matsumurana 3 (2/3): 87; TL: Formosa
Papilio memnon memnoides Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 308; TL: Borneo
Papilio memnon imperiosus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 21 (33): 204; TL: Banka I.
Papilio memnon aela ab. korasana Umeno, 1937; Bull. Umeno Ent. Lab. 4: 4

Menelaides memnon; ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
Papilio (Menelaides) memnon; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
Papilio deiphobus memnon; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
Papilio memnon; [BIR], 384; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 15; [BOR], 78; [MRS], 124; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [SVF]

640x480 (~66Kb) ♂ Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl	640x480 (~73Kb) ♀ Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl	1024x768 (~162Kb) ♀ Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
1600x1200 (~140Kb) ♂ Butterfly House (Gran Canary, near Ingles, Autumn 2000), Photo © Aarno Junkkari	769x513 (~119Kb) Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	1024x768 (~123Kb) ♀ Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyu, Japan, 7-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
1049x776 (~60Kb) ♂ Kayauchibanta, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Citrus spp., Fortunella japonica [MRS], Aristolochia , Magnolia , Michelia , Atalantia , Citrus , Fortunella , Paramignya , Poncirus , Severenia , Toddalia , Zanthoxylum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343

P. m. memnon Java, Bawean, Natuna, Bangka, Borneo, Bali, Philippines (Mapun, Sanga Sanga)
- Papilio achates Sulzer, 1776; Gesch. Ins. nach linn. Syst. (1): 141, (2): pl. 12, f. 2
- Papilio atrovenatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 44
- Papilio laomedon Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 78, pl. 50, f. A, B
- Papilio achatiades Esper, 1790; Die ausl. Schmett.: 118, pl. 28, f. 2, pl. 29, f. 1
- Papilio arbates Zinken, 1831; Nova Acta physico-med. [Leop. Carol.] 15 (1): 151; TL: Java
- Papilio memnon var. javanus Haase, 1891; Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (1): 57
- Papilio memnon var. erebinus Haase, 1891; Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (1): 57
- memnon memnon f. amura; (female form)
- Menelaides memnon memnon; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 46, f. 5-8
- Papilio javanus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio memnon memnon; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio memnon ♀-ab. erebinus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
- Papilio memnon ♀-ab. javanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
- Papilio memnon ♀-f. achates; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
- Papilio memnon ♀-f. laomedon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314

P. m. agenor Linnaeus, 1768 Sikkim - Assam - Burma - Peninsular Malaya, S.Yunnan

Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460; TL: Canton, China
Papilio androgeos Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 142, pl. 91, f. A, B; TL: China
Papilio alcanor Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 107, pl. 166, f. A; TL: China
Papilio protenor Esper, 1792; Die ausl. Schmett.: 120, pl. 29, f. 2 (preocc.)
Iliades menstor Hübner, 1816; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 89
Papilio esperi Butler, 1879; Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 (8): 553, pl. 68, f. 7; TL: Malacca
Papilio androgeus de Nicéville, 1881
Papilio phoenix Distant, 1885; Rhopalocera Malayana: 340, pl. 27, f. 7; TL: Malay Peninsula
Papilio cilix Distant, 1885; Rhopalocera Malayana: 340, pl. 29, f. 4, 5 (preocc.); TL: Malay Peninsula
Papilio androgeos depelchini Robbe, 1892; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 36: 125; TL: Kurseong, Sikkim
Papilio memnon agenor ♂-ab. primigenius Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319; TL: Sikkim, Khasia Hills
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. butlerianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320 (nom. nov.)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. distantianus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320 (nom. nov.)
Iliades polymnestoroides Moore, 1902; Lepidoptera Indica 5: 202, pl. 451, f. 1-2; TL: India
Papilio memnon agenor ab. vinius Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 307; TL: Malay Peninsula
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. rhetenorina Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 72; TL: N.India
Papilio memnon f. phoeniciana Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 25, pl. 13, f. 8; TL: Sikkim
Papilio memnon f. aphrodite Röber, 1927; Int. ent. Zs. 21 (13): 97; TL: Naga Hills
?Papilio memnon-agenor (f) alcanor f. ensifer Rousseau-Decelle, 1933; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 37 (20): 301; TL: Khasia Hills, Assam
Papilio ab. pohli Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio f. subvenusia Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82: 116
Papilio aurantiaca Rousseau-Decelle, 1933; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 38 (17): 273 (preocc.)

Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor; [BMP]: 70, pl. 5, f. 1
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. agenor; [BMP]: 70, pl. 5, f. 4
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. butlerianus; [BMP]: 70, pl. 5, f. 2
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. distantianus; [BMP]: 70, pl. 5, f. 5
Papilio (Princeps) memnon agenor f. esperi; [BMP]: 70, pl. 5, f. 3
Papilio agenor; [iNaturalist]
Papilio androgeos; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 841
Papilio cilix; [iNaturalist]
Papilio memnon agenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; [MRS], 124; [iNaturalist]
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. cilix; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. phoenix; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-ab. loc. esperi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. agenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. alcanor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 320
Papilio memnon agenor ab. depelchini; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 319
Papilio memnon f. alcanor; [BIR], 384
Papilio memnon f. butlerianus; [BIR], 384; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 16
Papilio memnon f. distantianus; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 17
?Papilio memnon f. polymnestoroides; [BIR], 384

1223x992 (~226Kb) ♂ upperside Thailand, Phuket, Kathu Waterfalls, 25th February 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	916x1166 (~367Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, Virachey National Park Headquarters, 3rd June 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1197x1125 (~493Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, right bank of the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 23rd August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
839x959 (~315Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, right bank of the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 23rd August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1107x1188 (~464Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, right bank of the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 23rd August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1249x1043 (~237Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Sen Monorom, the garden of Long Vibol Guesthause, 13th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1177x950 (~294Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Sen Monorom, the garden of Long Vibol Guesthause, 13th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1141x1019 (~282Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Sen Monorom, the garden of Long Vibol Guesthause, 13th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

*f. distantianus*
1027x734 (~243Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province, Kbal Chhay Waterfall, 10th March 2017, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Citrus spp. [MRS]

P. m. anceus Cramer, [1779] Sumatra, Nias, Batu
- Papilio anceus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 44, pl. 222, f. A, B; TL: W.Sumatra
- Papilio memnon anceus ♀-f. trochila Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
- Papilio memnon anceus ♀-f. ityla Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
- Papilio memnon anceus ♀.f. butis Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
- Papilio memnon anceus ♀-f. gerania Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
- Papilio memnon anceus ♀-f. erebinus Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
- Papilio memnon anceus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio memnon ♀-ab. anceus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 314
- memnon anceus ♀-f. anceus .; Jordan, 1909, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 73
P. m. thunbergi Siebold, 1824 Japan
- Papilio thunbergi Siebold, 1824; Hist. Nat. Jap.: 16; TL: Japan
- Papilio memnon thunbergi f.temp. mela Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 306; TL: Nagasaki, Kiu-Shin
- Papilio memnon thunbergi ab. takamukui Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 114, pl. 3, f. 1; TL: Kiushu
- Papilio memnon thunbergi ab. shikokuana Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 114, pl. 3, f. 6; TL: Shikoku
- Papilio memnon thunbergii; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 94; [iNaturalist]
P. m. lowii Druce, 1873 N.Borneo, Philippines (Balabac, Palawan)
- Papilio lowii Druce, 1873; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873 (2): 358, pl. 33, f. 6; TL: "Borneo" [?error]
- Menelaides lowii;
- Menelaides memnon lowii; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 47, f. 1-4, pl. 48, f. 1-4
- Papilio deiphobus lowi; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
- Papilio lowi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 321; [BOR], 76
- Papilio lowii; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio memnon lowii; [iNaturalist]
P. m. oceani Doherty, 1891 Enggano
- Papilio (Iliades) oceani Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (1): 31; TL: Engano I.
- Papilio memnon oceani ab. afer Fruhstorfer, 1904; Berl. ent. Zs. 49 (1/2): 195; TL: Engano I.
- Papilio memnon oceani; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
P. m. merapu Doherty, 1891 Sumba
- Papilio (Iliades) merapu Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (2): 191; TL: Koloki, Pada Dalung, Sumba, 2-3000ft
- Papiliio memnon merapu; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 315
P. m. pryeri Rothschild, 1895 Loo Choo I.
- Papilio memnon pryeri Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 321; TL: Loo Choo Islands
P. m. clathratus Rothschild, 1896 Sumbawa
- Papilio memnon clathratus Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (3): 322; TL: Sambawa
P. m. caeruleus van Eecke, 1914 Simalur
- Papilio memnon caeruleus van Eecke, 1914; Notes Leyden Mus. 36: 202, pl. 4, f. 4; TL: Udjung Laukè, Mata-n-Amurèn; Sianabang
P. m. heronus Fruhstorfer, 1902 Taiwan
- Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (10): 73; TL: Formosa
- Papilio memnon heronus; [MRS], 124; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Zanthoxylum nitidum, Z. ailanthoides, Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus spp. [MRS]
P. m. perlucidus Fruhstorfer, 1903 Lombok
- Papilio memnon perlucidus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 308; TL: Lombok, Sapit, 2000
P. m. subclathratus Fruhstorfer, 1903 Flores
- Papilio memnon subclathratus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 309; TL: Flores
- Papilio memnon subclathratus; [iNaturalist]
P. m. tanahsahi Eliot, 1982 Malaysia
- Papilio memnon agenor ♀-f. tanahsahi Eliot, 1982; Malayan Nat. J. 35 (1/2): 179; TL: Malaysia, Perak, Gopeng, Ulu Groh
- Papilio memnon tanahsahi; [BMP]
P. m. kalaomemnon Hachitani, 1987² Kalao
- Papilio (Menelaides) memnon kalaomemnon; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89

Papilio ascalaphus Boisduval, 1836 Philippines. See [maps] Sulawesi Blue Mormon
- Papilio ascalaphus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 200; TL: "Ternate" [error?]
- Papilio ascalaphus ab. nubiger Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 428
- Menelaides ascalaphus;
- Papilio (Menelaides) ascalaphus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
- Papilio ascalaphus haliaetus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio ascalaphus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 328; [BOR], 74; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 8; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Citrus Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343
- P. a. ascalaphus Sulawesi, Salayar, Buton
  - Papilio (Menelaides) ascalaphus ascalaphus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
  - Papilio ascalaphus ascalaphus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio deiphobus ascalaphus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
- P. a. ascalon Staudinger, 1895 Sula Is.
  - Papilio ascalaphus var. ascalon Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 348; TL: Mangola, Sulla Is.
  - Papilio (Menelaides) ascalaphus ascalon; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
  - Papilio ascalaphus ascalon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 328; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. fukuyamai Detani, 1983² Banggai
  - Papilio (Menelaides) ascalaphus fukuyamai; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
- P. a. munascalaphus Hachitani, 1988² Muna
  - Papilio (Menelaides) ascalaphus munascalaphus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
Papilio polymnestor Cramer, [1775] Ceylon, S.India, Madhya Pradesh, S.Bihar, Bengal, W.Ghats - Bombay, Sikkim. See [maps] Blue Mormon
- Papilio polymnestor Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 83; TL: [Cochin], Kerala, India
- Menelaides polymnestor;
- Papilio polymnestor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 329; [BIR], 383; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 4; [BOR], 74; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- P. p. polymnestor S.India, East coast of India - Bengal
  - Papilio deiphobus polymnestor; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
  - Papilio polymnestor polymnestor; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. parinda (Moore, [1881]) Ceylon
  - Iliades parinda Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 148, pl. 60, f. 1; TL: Ceylon
  - Papilio polymnestor parinda; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 330; [iNaturalist]
Papilio mayo Atkinson, [1874] Andaman Is.
- Papilio mayo Atkinson, [1874]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873: 736, pl. 63, f. 1; TL: Andaman Is.
- Papilio charicles Hewitson, 1874; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 14 (83): 356; TL: Andaman Is.
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 322
- Menelaides mayo;
- Papilio charicles; Hewitson, 1875, Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio XIV): [25], pl. [14], f. 45; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 237
- Papilio deiphobus mayo; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
- Papilio mayo; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 237; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 322; [BOR], 76; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio deiphobus Linnaeus, 1758 Moluccas. See [maps]
- Papilio deiphobus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 459; TL: Asia
- Papilio alcandor Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 64, pl. 40, f. A, B
- Papilio deiphobus ab. hypoxanthus Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 275; TL: Key
- Papilio deiphobus aristartus Fruhstorfer, 1916; Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 76, pl. 1, f. 1-2
- efbensis Talbot, 1932
- Menelaides deiphobus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
- Papilio deiphobus aristartus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio deiphobus efbensis; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio deiphobus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 324; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 7, 9; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Papilio deiphobus ab. hypoxanthus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 325
Larva on Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
- P. d. deiphobus Serang, Ambon, Buru, Obi
  - Papilio deiphobus deiphobus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note); [BAUR], 90; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. deiphontes C. & R. Felder, 1864 Sumatra?, Morotai, Ternate, Halmahera, Bachan
  - Papilio deiphontes C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 323; TL: Ternate, Halmahera
  - Papilio deiphontes Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 48; TL: Batchian, Gilolo, Ternate, Morty I.
  - Papilio deiphontes ab. flava Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 38; TL: Ternate
  - Papilio deiphobus deiphontes; [BAUR], 90; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 4; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio deiphontes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 326
  - Papilio deiphontes ab. flavus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 326
- P. d. rumanzovia Eschscholtz, 1821 Philippines, Celebes Red Mormon
  - Papilio rumanzovia Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 204, pl. 2, f. 4a-b; TL: Manila
  - Papilio krusensternia Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 205, pl. 3, f. 5a-b; TL: Manila
  - Iliades emalthion Hübner, [1821]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl. 117
  - Papilio descombii Roger, 1826; Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: ?
  - Papilio emalthion var. semperinus Haase, 1891; Bibl. zoologica 3 (8) (1): 55
  - ?Papilio rumanzowius[sic] ciris Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Bazilan; Mindoro
  - ?Papilio rumanzowius[sic] spinturnix Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178; TL: Talaut (Jolo?)
  - Papilio rumanzovia honorius Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178
  - Papilio rumanzovia ♀ f. paya Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178
  - Papilio rumanzovia ♀ f. risena Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178
  - Papilio rumanzovia ♀ f. carnia Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178
  - Papilio rumanzovia f. teikichianus Matsumura, 1931; 6000 Illust. Insects Japan.-Empire: 464, f. 33
  - Menelaides deiphobus rumanzovia; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 50, f. 1-6, pl. 51, f. 1-6, pl. 52, f. 1-5, pl. 53, f. 1, 3, 5
  - Menelaides rumanzovius;
  - Papilio (Menelaides) rumanzovia; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
  - Papilio deiphobus rumanzovia; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
  - Papilio rumanzovia; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 2; [BOR], 84; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio rumanzovia f. teikichianus; Matsumura, 1931, Insecta Matsumurana 6 (1-2): 43
  - Papilio rumanzovius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 322; [MRS], 129
  - Papilio rumanzovius ♀-f. rumanzovius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 323
  - Papilio rumanzovius ♀-f. loc. semperinus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 324
  760x637 (~105Kb) ♀ upperside Philippines, Photo © D. Smirnov 760x631 (~120Kb) ♀ underside Philippines, Photo © D. Smirnov
  
  Larva on Atalantia , Citrus Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 89
- P. d. deipylus C. & R. Felder, 1864 Weigeu
  - Papilio deipylus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 323; TL: Nova Guinea
  - Papilio deiphobus deipylus; [BAUR], 90; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio deipylus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 325
- P. d. tarawakana Page & Treadaway, 1993 Philippines (Tawitawi)
  - Menelaides deiphobus tarawakana; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9, pl. 53, f. 2, 4, 6
Papilio oenomaus Godart, 1819 -. See [maps]
- Papilio oenomaus Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 72; TL: Timor
- Menelaides oenomaus;
- Papilio oenomaus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 328; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. o. oenomaus Timor, Leti, Moa, Kissar, Romang Is.
  - Papilio deiphobus oenomaus; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 77 (note)
  - Papilio oenomaus oenomaus; [BAUR], 90
- P. o. subfasciatus Rothschild, 1895 Wetar
  - Papilio oenomaus subfasciatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 329; TL: Wetter
  - Papilio oenomaus subfasciatus; [BAUR], 90 (text)
Papilio forbesi Grose-Smith, 1883 Sumatra. See [maps]
- Papilio forbesi Grose-Smith, 1883; Ent. mon. Mag. 19: 234; TL: Sumatra
- Menelaides forbesi;
- Papilio forbesi; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1887, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 1, pl. 1, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 331; [BOR], 76; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio lampsacus Boisduval, 1836 W.Java. See [maps]
- Papilio lampsacus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 190; TL: "Pegu" [error]
- Menelaides lampsacus;
- Papilio lampsacus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 330; [BOR], 74; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio acheron Grose-Smith, 1887 Sarawak, Sabah
- Papilio acheron Grose-Smith, 1887; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 20: 432; TL: N.Borneo
- Papilio forbesi goetheanus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 306 (repl. Papilio acheron Grose-Smith, 1887); TL: N.Borneo
- Papilio acheron; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1888, Rhop. Exot. [1] 1: (Papilio) 11, pl. 5, f. 1-2; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 331; [BOR], 76; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The protenor species-group

Papilio protenor Cramer, [1775] NW.India, Kashmir - Sikkim, Assam, Burma, China, S.Korea, Japan, Riu-Kiu. See [maps] Spangle
- Papilio protenor Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 77, pl. 49, f. A, B; TL: China
- Menelaides protenor;
- Papilio protenor protenor; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio protenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 331; [BIR], 386; [BOR], 84; [MRS], 126; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
1049x776 (~50Kb) ♀ Katsuudake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
- P. p. demetrius Stoll, [1782] Japan
  - Papilio demetrius Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): 196, pl. 385, f. E, F; TL: Japan
  - Papilio carpenteri Butler, 1882; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 10: 318; TL: Yedo
    
    = Papilio demetrius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 332
  - ?Papilio demetrius sitalkes Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46; TL: Okinawa
  - ?Papilio demetrius lenocinius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 175; TL: Kiushiu, Nagasaki
  - ?Papilio demetrius m.v. okabei Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 14; TL: Kagoshima; Jokohama, Japan
  - ?Papilio protenor demetrius ab. echigoensis Nomura, 1937; Zephyrus 7 (2/3): 138
  - Papilio demetrius demetrius; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio demetrius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 332; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio protenor demetrius; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 94; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. liukiuensis Fruhstorfer, 1899
  - Papilio demetrius liukiuensis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Stettin ent. Ztg 59 (10-12): 407; TL: Liu-Kiu
  - Papilio demetrius liukiuensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. euprotenor Fruhstorfer, 1908 N.India, Assam, Burma - S.China
  - Papilio protenor euprotenor Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46; TL: Sikkim
  - Papilio protenus euanthes Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46; TL: Hainan
  - ?Papilio protenor sulpitius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 175; TL: Tonkin; Annam
    
    = ; Jordan, 1909, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 75
  - Papilio protenor euprotenor; [MRS], 126; Huang, 2001; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. amaura Jordan, 1909 Taiwan
  - Papilio protenor amaura Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 76
  - ?Papilio protenor ab. kagaribi Nakahara, 1938; Zephyrus 7: 239
  - ?Papilio demetrius ab. tokionis Wakabayashi, 1935; Ent. World Tokyo 2: 389
  - Papilio protenor amaurus; [MRS], 126
  Larva on (as amaurus) Zanthoxylum nitidum, Z. piperitum, Citrus spp. [MRS]
Papilio alcmenor C. & R. Felder, [1864] Kumaon - Assam, Burma, China. See [maps]
- Papilio alcmenor C. & R. Felder, [1864]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 129, pl. 20, f. d; TL: Khasi Hills
- Menelaides alcmenor;
- Papilio alcmenor nautes; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio alcmenor; [MRS], 130; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Female mimics Atrophaneura dasarada, Atrophaneura philoxenus.[BIR], (about Papilio rhetenor, Westwood)
- P. a. alcmenor Redbreast
  - Papilio rhetenor Westwood, 1841; Arcana entomologica, 1: 59, pl. 16, f. 1, 1a (preocc. Papilio rhetenor Cramer, [1775])
  - Papilio icarius Westwood, 1847; Cabinet Orient. Ent.: 5, pl. 2 (preocc. Papilio icarius Esper, [1793])
  - Papilio rhetenor turificator Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 175; TL: Sikkim
  - Papilio rhetenor publilius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 175; TL: Lower Burma
  - Papilio rhetenor f. albolunata Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 175
  - Papilio rhetenor ♂-ab. leucocelis Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 76
  - Papilio alcmenor alcmenor; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  - Papilio rhetenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 333; [BIR], 385; [BOR], 86
- P. a. platenius Fruhstorfer, 1908 Sichuan
  - Papilio rhetenor platenius Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38; TL: China, Ichang, Szetchuan
  - Papilio alcmenor platenius; [MRS], 130; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. nausithous Oberthür
  - Papilio alcmenor nausithous; [MRS], 130; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. irene Joicey & Talbot, 1921 Hainan
  - Papilio rhetenor irene Joicey & Talbot, 1921; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (1): 168, pl. 20, f. 3-4; TL: Hainan
  - Papilio alcmenor irene; [MRS], 130; [iNaturalist]
Papilio macilentus Janson, 1877 E.China, E.Siberia, Japan. See [maps]
- Papilio macilentus Janson, 1877; Cistula ent. 2: 158; TL: Oyama
- Papilio scaevola Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 37, pl. 6, f. 1; TL: China?
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 333
- Papilio tractipennis Butler, 1881; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 7 (38): 139; TL: Nikko
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 333
- Papilio macilentus m.v. minima Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1): 15; TL: Sendai; Kagoshima
- Papilio macilentus yokohamanus Kanda, 1931; Ins. World Gifu 35: 307
- Papilio macilentus ab. yamazakii Nomura, 1937; Zephyrus 7 (2/3): 138
- Menelaides macilentus;
- Papilio macilentus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 333; [MRS], 134; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 95; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Larva on Citrus spp., Ruta graveolens, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Fagara mantchurica, F. ailanthoides, Poncirus trifoliata, Orixa japonica, Lobelia chinensis [MRS]
Papilio thaiwanus Rothschild, 1898 Taiwan
- Papilio protenor thaiwanus Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5 (3): 602; TL: Formosa
- Papilio rhetenor annaeus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Wochenbl. 25 (9): 38; TL: Lake Candidius
- Papilio thaiwanus ab. watanabei Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 115, pl. 3, f. 2; TL: Formosa
- Papilio thaiwanus ab. e-fasciatus Mitono, 1931; Zephyrus 3 (2): 103
- Papilio thaiwanus ab. kurosotsu Nakahara, 1938; Zephyrus 7: 239
- Menelaides thaiwanus;
- Papilio taiwanus[sic, thaiwanus?]; [MRS], 128
- Papilio thaiwanus; [BOR], 86; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Cinnamomum camphora [MRS]

The bootes species-group

Papilio bootes Westwood, 1842 N.Burma, .... See [maps] Tailed Redbreast
- Papilio bootes Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 36; TL: Sylhet
- Papilio bootes Westwood, 1842; Arcana entomologica, 1: 123, pl. 31
- Menelaides bootes;
- Papilio bootes mindoni; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio bootes naga; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio bootes; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 335; [BIR], 385; [BOR], 86; [MRS], 133; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. bootes Assam, ...
  - Papilio bootes bootes; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. nigricans Rothschild, 1895 W.China
  - Papilio bootes nigricans Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 335; TL: W.China
  - Papilio echo Ehrmann, 1909; Can. Ent. 41 (3): 85; TL: Burma
  - Papilio bootes rubicundus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Tsekou
  - Papilio mixta Tytler, 1915; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 23 (3): 514; TL: Yakama, Naga Hills
  - Papilio ascalaphus rubicundus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio bootes nigricans; [MRS], 133; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio bootes rubicundus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. b. janaka Moore, 1857 India
  - Papilio janaka Moore, 1857; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1: 97; TL: Darjeeling
  - Papilio sikkimensis Wood-Mason, 1882; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 9 (50): 103; TL: Sikkim Hills
  - Papilio janaka; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 336; [BOR], 86; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- ?P. b. dealbatus Rothschild, 1895 W.China
  - Papilio janaka dealbatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 336; TL: Western China
- P. b. parcesquamata Rosen, 1929 Yunnan, ...?
  - Papilio bootes parcesquamata; [iNaturalist]
Papilio elwesi Leech, 1889 China. See [maps]
- Papilio elwesi Leech, 1889; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1889 (1): 113, pl. 7, f. 1; TL: Kiu-Kiang
- Agehana elwesi; [MRS], 161
- Papilio elwesi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 335; [BOR], 86; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- Pterourus (Agehana) elwesi; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 5
Larva on Umbelliferae [MRS]
- P. e. cavalerei Le Cerf, 1923
  - elwesi cavalerei Le Cerf, 1923; Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 29 (5): 362
  - Agehana cavalerei; [MRS], 161
Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan, 1934 Taiwan
- Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan, 1934; Zephyrus 5 (4): 177, pl. 15, f. 1-2
- Agehana maraho; [MRS], 161
- Papilio elwesi maraho; [BOR], 86
- Papilio maraho; [iNaturalist]
- Pterourus (Agehana) maraho; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 5
Larva on Sassafras randaiense [MRS]

Subgenus Chilasa Moore, [1881]

Chilasa Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153; TS: Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus
Clytia Swainson, 1833; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 120 (preocc. Clytia Lamouroux, 1812); TS: Papilio clytia Linnaeus
Cadugoides Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1): 260; TS: Papilio agestor Gray
Euploeopsis de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt. II (5): 433; TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Isamiopsis Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284; TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Menamopsis de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt. II (5): 433; TS: Papilio tavoyanus Butler

Cadugoides; [NHM-BMW]
Chilasa; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Chilasa (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153
Chilasa (Papilionini); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85
Clytia; [CoL]
Euploeopsis; [NHM-BMW]
Isamiopsis; [NHM-BMW]
Menamopsis; [NHM-BMW]
Papilio clytia lankesvara; [iNaturalist]

Papilio imitata (Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2003) N.Vietnam. See [maps]
- Chilasa imitata Monastyrskii & Devyatkin, 2003; Atalanta 34 (1/2): 77; TL: C.Vietnam, Lam Dong, Dong Mang, Bi DOup - Nui Ba Nature Reserver, 2200m

The agestor species-group

Papilio agestor Gray, 1831 W.China, Tibet, W.Kashmir - Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [maps] Tawny Mime
- Papilio agestor Gray, 1831; Zool. Miscell. (1): 32; TL: "Sumatra" [error]
- Papilio agestor agestorides Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (45): 190; TL: Tibet(?); SW.China
- Chilasa agestor; [BIR], 379; [BOR], 90; [MRS], 121; [CoL]
- Papilio agestor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 360; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- P. a. agestor Nepal - Indo-China, Burma, Thailand - Peninsular Malaya
  - Papilio agestor senchalus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (45): 190; TL: Sikkim; Bhutan
  - Papilio agestor cresconius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (45): 190; TL: Burma; Assam
  - Chilasa agestor agestor; [BOR], 90
  - Papilio agestor agestor; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. a. shirozui (Igarashi, 1979)
  - Chilasa shirozui Igarashi, 1979; Papilionidae and their early stages: 100, pl. 106, f. 6-7
  - Chilasa agestor shirozui; [BMP], 66, pl. 3, f. 12
  - Papilio agestor shirozui; [iNaturalist]
  Resembles Parantica sita.[BMP]
  
  Larva on Cinnamomum , Persea [BMP]
- P. a. govindra Moore, 1864 N.India
  - Papilio govindra Moore, 1864; Ent. mon. Mag. 1: 101; TL: NW.India
  - Chilasa agestor govindra; [BOR], 90
  - Papilio agestor govindra; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 361
- P. a. restricta Leech, 1893 S.China
  - Papilio agestor var. restricta Leech, [1893]; Butts China Japan Corea (2): 557, pl. 35, f. 5
  - Chilasa agestor restricta; [MRS], 121
  - Papilio agestor restricta; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio agestor restrictus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 361
- P. a. matsumurae Fruhstorfer, 1909 Taiwan
  - Papilio agestor matsumurae Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (25): 282; TL: Formosa, Horisha
  - Papilio agestor matsumurae Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (49): 209; TL: Formosa, Horisha
  - Chilasa agestor matsumurae; [MRS], 121
  - Papilio agestor matsumurae; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio alcmenor matsumurae; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum micranthum, Persea japonica, P. thunbergii, P. zuihoensis [MRS]
- P. a. kuangtungensis Mell, 1935 China (Guangxi, Guandong, Fujian, Zhejiang)
  - Papilio agestor kuangtungensis Mell, 1935; Mitt. Dt. Ent. Ges. 6: 36; TL: N.Guangdong, Linping, Shuiyunshan, Manzishan
  - Chilasa agestor moritai Shinkai, 1996; Wallace 2: 43, f. 5-6; TL: Guanxi, Mt. Dayao Shan
    
    = Chilasa agestor kuangtungensis; Yoshino, 2001, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 52 (3): 136
  - Chilasa agestor kuangtungensis; Yoshino, 2001, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 52 (3): 136
  - Papilio agestor kuangtungensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. a. teruyoae (Shinkai, 1996) N.Vietnam
  - Chilasa agestor teruyoae Shinkai, 1996; Futao (23): 16, pl. 4, f. 1-6 (spell. teruyonae?); TL: Mt. Pia Oac., N. Vietnam
  - Chilasa agestor teruyoae;
  - Papilio agestor teruyoae; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio epycides Hewitson, 1864 W.China, Nepal - Assam, N.Burma. See [maps] Lesser Mime
- Papilio epycides Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio VI): [11], pl. [6], f. 16; TL: N.India
- Papilio epycides f. uwakurona Matsumura, 1929; Insecta Matsumurana 3 (2/3): 89, pl. 4, f. 6:; TL: Formosa
- Papilio epycides f. shitakurona Matsumura, 1929; Insecta Matsumurana 3 (2/3): 89; TL: Formosa
- Chilasa epycides; [BIR], 379; [BOR], 90; [MRS], 121; [CoL]
- Papilio epycides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 361; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. epycides Sikkim, Assam
  - Papilio epycides epycides; [iNaturalist]
- P. e. curiatius Fruhstorfer, 1902 N.Burma, ...
  - Papilio epycides curiatius Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 349; TL: N.Burma
  - Chilasa epycides curiatius; [BOR], 90; Yoshino, 2008, Futao (54): 7, pl. 1, f. 15-16
- P. e. horatius Blanchard, 1871 W.Sichuan, ...
  - Papilio horatius Blanchard, 1871; C. R. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci. 72: 809; TL: W.China
  - Chilasa epycides horatius; Yoshino, 2008, Futao (54): 7, pl. 1, f. 21-22
  - Papilio epycides horatius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 362
- P. e. hypochra Jordan, 1909 S.Burma, N.Vietnam, S.Yunnan
  - Papilio epycides hypochra Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 41; TL: Shan State, S. Burma
  - Papilio epycides camilla Rousseau-Decelle, 1947; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51 (9): 128; TL: Tonkin, N. Vietnam
    
    = ; Yoshino, 2008, Futao (54): 7
  - Chilasa epycides hypochroa[sic?]; [BOR], 90
  - Papilio epycides camilla; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  - Papilio epycides hypochra; Yoshino, 2008, Futao (54): 7, pl. 1, f. 17-20; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. e. melanoleucus Ney, 1911 Taiwan
  - Papilio epycides var. melanoleucus Ney, 1911; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 25: 5; TL: Formosa
  - Chilasa epycides melanoleuca; [MRS], 121
  - Chilasa epycides melanoleucus; [BOR], 90
  - Papilio epycides melanoleucus; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on (as melanoleuca) Lindera megaphylla, Litsea cubeba, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum micranthum [MRS]
- P. e. yamabuki (Yoshino, 2008) N.Yunnan
  - Chilasa epycides yamabuki Yoshino, 2008; Futao (54): 7, pl. 1, f. 13-14; TL: Zhondian County, 2000m, N.Yunnan
Papilio slateri Hewitson, 1859 N.India - Malaysia, Sumatra. See [maps] Blue-striped Mime
- Papilio slateri Hewitson, 1859; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio IV): [7], pl. [4] f. 9; TL: "Borneo" [?]
- ?Papilio slateri ab. persoides Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 58; TL: Perak
- Chilasa slateri; [BIR], 380; [BOW]: pl. 131, f. 3; [BOR], 91; [MRS], 122; [CoL]
- Papilio slateri; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
A mimic of Euploea? [BIR]
- P. s. slateri Sikkim - N.Vietnam
  - Papilio clarae Marshall, 1882; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 51 Pt.II (2-3): 42; TL: Upper Tenasserim
    
    = Papilio slateri tavoyanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363
  - Chilasa slateri slateri; [BOR], 91
  - Papilio slateri slateri; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. s. hewitsoni Westwood, 1864 N.Borneo
  - Papilio camma Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 85 (nom. nud.); TL: Borneo
    
    = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363
  - Papilio hewitsonii Westwood, 1864; Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 2: 10
  - Papilio slateri hewitsoni ab. persoides Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 58; TL: Kina-Balu
  - Chilasa slateri hewitsoni; [BOR], 92
  - Papilio slateri hewitsoni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363
- P. s. tavoyanus Butler, 1882 S.Burma
  - Papilio tavoyanus Butler, 1882; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 10: 373; TL: Tenasserim
  - Chilasa slateri tavoyanus; [BOR], 91
  - Papilio slateri tavoyanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. s. marginata Oberthür, 1893 C.Burma, S.Burma, C.Thailand
  - Papilio slateri f.geogr. marginata Oberthür, 1893
  - Chilasa slateri marginata; [BOR], 91
  - Papilio slateri marginata; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. s. perses de Nicéville, 1894 Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra
  - Papilio (Menamopsis) perses de Nicéville, 1894; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 63 Pt.II (1): 46, pl. 4, f. 7; TL: N.E. Sumatra
  - Papilio hewitsonii var. sumatrana Hagen, 1894; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 7 (1): 20; TL: Sumatra
    
    = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363
  - ab. petra de Nicéville, 1894; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 63 Pt.II (1): 47, pl. 4, f. 5
  - Papilio sticheli Tetens, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26 (19): 296
  - Chilasa slateri perses; [BOR], 91; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 11
  - Papilio slateri perses; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 363; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  Larva on Cinnamomum [BMP]
- P. s. hainanensis (Chou, 1994) Hainan
  - Chilasa slateri hainanensis Chou, 1994; Mon. Rhop. Sinesium: 756, 122, f. 3; TL: Hainan
  - Papilio slateri hainanensis; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

The clytia species-group

Papilio clytia Linnaeus, 1758

China, Kangra - Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, S.India, Ceylon. See [maps] Common Mime

Papilio clytia Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 479; TL: "Indiis" [India]
Papilio similis Grote, 1899; Proc. amer. phil. Soc. 38: 30, pl. 4, f. 11
Papilio clytia lanata Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (37): 269; TL: S.India, Malabar and Coromandel; Nilgiris and Karwar
Papilio ab. nigra Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165; TL: Tonkin
Papilio ab. pallida Dufrane, 1933; Lambillionea 33: 165; TL: Tonkin
Papilio clytia v. dissimila Evans, 1923; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29 (1): 245
Papilio clytia v. dissimillima Evans, 1923; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29 (1): 245

Chilasa clytia; [BIR], 381; [BOR], 92; [MRS], 120; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; [CoL]
Papilio clytia; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 364; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Papilio clytia ab. saturatior Moore; Fruhstorfer, 1903, Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 179
?Chilasa clytia f. dissimilina[sic?]; [MRS], 120

Mimics Euploea core.[BIR]

Larva on Cinnamomum , Litsea Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

P. c. clytia India - Thailand, Indo-China, Peninsular Malaya, S.Yunnan

Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 479
Papilio panope Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 479
Papilio casyapa Moore, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (1): 143; TL: Calcutta
Papilio papone Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 94, pl. 3, f. 2; TL: Ind. or.
Papilio clytia ab. commixtus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 367; TL: Khasia Hills
Papilio onpape Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 840; TL: Hatsiega; Houngduran source; Naththoung, Upper Tenasserim
- = Papilio clytia panope; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 369
Papilio saturata Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3): 697; TL: Hainan
Papilio clytia panope ab. janus Fruhstorfer, 1901; Insekten-Börse 18 (52): 413

Chilasa clytia clytia; [BOR], 92; [BMP]: 64, pl. 3, f. 1-3
Chilasa clytia clytia f. dissimilis; [BMP]: 64, pl. 3, f. 1
Chilasa clytia clytia f. janus; [BMP]: 64 (note)
Chilasa clytia clytia f. onpape; [BMP]: 64, pl. 3, f. 2
Chilasa clytia clytia f. papone; [BMP]: 64, pl. 4, f. 3
Chilasa clytia f. dissimilis; [MRS], 120; [BIR], 381
Chilasa dissimilis; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153, pl. 57, f. 1a-b
Papilio clytia clytia; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio clytia dissimilis; [iNaturalist]
Papilio clytia onpape; [iNaturalist]
Papilio clytia panope; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 369; Fruhstorfer, 1903, Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 180; [iNaturalist]
Papilio clytia panope ab. dissimilis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 369
Papilio clytia panope ab. loc. saturatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 369
Papilio clytia ab. casyapa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 367; Fruhstorfer, 1903, Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 180
Papilio clytia ab. dissimilis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 367; Fruhstorfer, 1903, Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 180
Papilio clytia ab. papone; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 367; Fruhstorfer, 1903, Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 180

1312x1061 (~310Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 6th June 2013 (f. clytia), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1475x915 (~332Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 6th June 2013 (f. clytia), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	868x1078 (~362Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Pursat Province, the Tumpor River at Tumpor village, 14th March 2019, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
698x954 (~242Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Pursat Province, the Tumpor River at Tumpor village, 14th March 2019, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	931x1004 (~343Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Pursat Province, the Tumpor River at Tumpor village, 14th March 2019, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	876x948 (~275Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Pursat Province, the Tumpor River at Tumpor village, 14th March 2019, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

f. dissimilis Mimics Danais limniace. [BIR]

*f. onpape*
1246x1080 (~240Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 31st May 2013 (f. onpape), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1134x1011 (~323Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 31st May 2013 (f. onpape), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1034x959 (~413Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Pursat Province, the Tumpor River at Tumpor village, 14th March 2019, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

*f. janus*
1419x1109 (~349Kb) ♀ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Lake Yak Lom, 30th May 2013 (f. janus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1122x884 (~264Kb) ♀ upperside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Lake Yak Lom, 30th May 2013 (f. janus), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on (as dissimilis) Alseodaphne , Litsea glutinosa, Cinnamomum spp. [MRS], Cinnamomum , Litsea [BMP]

P. c. lacedemon Fabricius, 1793
- Papilio lacedemon Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 36; TL: Malabaria
- Papilio lacedemon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 371
P. c. echidna Boisduval, 1836 Timor, Wetar, Kissar, Leti Group
- Papilio dissimilis var. echidna Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 378; TL: Timor
- Papilio echidna echidnides Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (18): 141; TL: Moah
- Papilio clytia echidna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 370; [BAUR], 108
P. c. palephates Westwood, 1845 Philippines (Catanduanes, Luzon, Marinduque, Mindoro)
- Papilio palephates Westwood, 1845; Arcana entomologica, 2: 127, pl. 79, f. 1; TL: Manila
- Papilio clytia palephatides Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178; TL: Mindoro
  - = Chilasa clytia palephates; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- Papilio clytia sapores Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 178; TL: Mindoro[?]
- Chilasa clytia palephates; [BOR], 92; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 36, f. 1-4, pl. 58, f. 1-2
- Chilasa clytia palephatides; [BOR], 92
- Papilio clytia palephates; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 370; [iNaturalist]
P. c. lankeswara Moore, 1879 Ceylon
- Papilio lankeswara Moore, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (1): 143; TL: Ceylon
- Chilasa clytioides Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 154, pl. 56, f. 1; TL: Ceylon
- Papilio clytia lankeswara ab. dissimilis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 368
- Chilasa clytia lankeswara; [BOR], 92
- Chilasa lankeswara; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 154, pl. 56, f. 2a-b
- Papilio clytia lankeswara; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 368
- Papilio clytia lankeswara ab. clytioides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 368
P. c. flavolimbatus Oberthür, 1879 Andamans
- Papilio dissimilis var. flavolimbatus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 101; TL: Andaman Is., Pt. Blair
- Chilasa clytia flavolimbatus; [BOR], 92
- Papilio clytia flavolimbatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 370; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio clytia var. flavolimbatus; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 238
P. c. panopinus Staudinger, 1889 Philippines (Balabac, Busuanga, Cuyo group, Dumaran, Palawan)
- Papilio panope var. panopinus Staudinger, 1889; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 2 (1): 9; TL: Palawan
- cuyo Medicielo & Hanafusa, 1994
  - = Chilasa clytia panopinus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- Chilasa clytia panopinus; [BOR], 92; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 36, f. 7-8
- Papilio clytia panopinus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 369; [iNaturalist]
P. c. takizawai (Miyashita, 1980) Flores
- clytia takizawai (Miyashita, 1980) (Chilasa); Mem. Tsukada Coll. (2): 1, 10
- Chilasa clytia takizawai; [BOR], 92
P. c. visayensis (Okano & Okano, 1987) Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Negros, Panay, Samar, Siquior)
- Chilasa clytia visayensis Okano & Okano, 1987
- Chilasa clytia visayensis; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 37, f. 1-2
P. c. duboisi (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Babuyanes)
- Chilasa clytia duboisi Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
- Chilasa clytia duboisi; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 36, f. 5-6
- Papilio clytia duboisi; [iNaturalist]
P. c. anuus (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Sibuyan)
- Chilasa clytia anuus Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
- Chilasa clytia anuus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 37, f. 3-5
P. c. gulam (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Mindanao)
- Chilasa clytia gulam Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
- Chilasa clytia gulam; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 37, f. 6-7
P. c. partidu (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (Jolo)
- Chilasa clytia partidu Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
- Chilasa clytia partidu; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 37, f. 8

Papilio paradoxa (Zinken, 1831) Assam - Burma - Malaysia. See [maps] Great Mime
- Zelima paradoxa Zinken, 1831; Nova Acta physico-med. [Leop. Carol.] 15 (1): 162, pl. 15, f. 9-10; TL: Java
- Papilio zanoa Butler, 1869; Ent. mon. Mag. 6: 56; TL: Sarawak
- Papilio juda Butler, 1869; Ent. mon. Mag. 6: 56; TL: Sarawak
- Papilio caunus Westwood, 1848; Cabinet Orient. Ent.: pl. 9, f. 2, 2*; TL: Java?
- Papilio caunus typhrestus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 1 (42): 319; TL: SE.Borneo
- Chilasa paradoxa; [BIR], 380; [BOR], 94; [BOR]: pl 131, f. 1-2; [MRS], 122; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; [CoL]
- Papilio caunus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 376
- Papilio paradoxa; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. juda; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 373
- Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. zanoa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 373
- Papilio paradoxus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 371
Mimics Euploea mulciber,[BIR]Euploea dicoletianus, Euploea eyhdhovii.[BOR]

Larva on Cinnamomum , Litsea Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- P. p. paradoxa Java
  - Chilasa paradoxa paradoxa; [BOR], 94
  - Papilio paradoxa paradoxa; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. telearchus (Hewitson, 1852) Assam - N.Vietnam, S.Burma, S.Yunnan
  - Papilio telearchus Hewitson, 1852; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 2 (1): 22, pl. 6, f. 3; TL: Sylhet
  - Papilio danisepa Butler, 1885; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 16: 343; TL: Assam
  - Chilasa paradoxa telearchus; [BOR], 94; [MRS], 122; Chou, Zhang & Xie, 2000, Entomotaxonomia 22 (3): 228
  - Chilasa paradoxa telearchus f. danisepa; [BOR], 95
  - Chilasa paradoxa f. danisepa; [BIR], 380 (mimics Euploea diocletiana)
  - Papilio (Euploeopsis) telearchus; de Nicéville, 1889, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 4 (3): 169, pl. A, f. 5 ♀
  - Papilio caunus danisepa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 377
  - Papilio paradoxa telearchus; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  - Papilio paradoxus telearchus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 375
  - Papilio telearchus; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 839
  650x726 (~226Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Koh Por River valley just below the waterfalls, at a pool on rocks. 13th April 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
- P. p. telesicles C. & R. Felder, 1864 Borneo
  - Papilio telesicles C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 308, 355
  - ?Papilio caunus mendax Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 376; TL: Borneo
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. daja Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 374; TL: Sarawak
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. russus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 374; TL: Borneo
  - Chilasa paradoxa telesicles f. daja; [BOR], 94
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 372
  - ?Chilasa paradoxa telesicles f. mendex[sic, mendax?]; [BOR], 94, 95
- P. p. aenigma Wallace, 1865 Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka Great Blue Mime
  - Papilio aenigma Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 60, pl. 7, f. 3
  - Papilio butleri Janson, 1879; Cistula ent. 2 (21): 433, pl. 8, f. 3; TL: "Malacca"
  - Papilio velutinus Butler, 1885; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 16: 343; TL: Sumatra
    
    = Papilio caunus aegialus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 376
  - Papilio penomimus Martin, 1895; Einige Tagschmett. [1]: 2
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♂-ab. distanti Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 373 (nom. nov.); TL: Malacca
  - Chilasa aenigma Wallace, 1865;
  - Chilasa paradoxa aenigma; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 4-9, pl. 62, f. 2; [BOR], 94
  - Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. aenigma; [BMP], 65
  - Papilio paradoxa aenigma; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♂-ab. aenigma; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 374
  - Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♂-ab. butleri; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 374
  Mimics male Euploea mulciber.[BMP]
  - f. kerosa Butler, 1869
    Papilio kerosa Butler, 1869; Ent. mon. Mag. 6: 55-57
    Chilasa paradoxa ♂-f. eucyanoides Eliot, 1980; Malayan Nat. J. 33 (3/4): 140, f. 3; TL: Malaysia, Selangor, Ampang Reservoir
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. kerosa; [BMP], 65
    Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♂-ab. kerosa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 373
    ?Chilasa paradoxa telesicles f. kerosa; [BOR], 94
  - (m)-f. eucyana Jordan, 1909
    Papilio paradoxa aenigma ♂-f. eucyana Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 44
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. eucyana; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 6
  - f. haasei Rothschild, 1895
    Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. haasei Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 375; TL: Malacca
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. haasei; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 5
    Mimics female Euploea mulciber.[BMP]
  - f. nepticula Rothschild, 1895
    Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. nepticula Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 374; TL: Malacca
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. nepticula; [BMP], 65
    Possible mimic of Euploea crameri bremeri.[BMP]
  - f. andromima (Eliot, 1980)
    Chilasa paradoxa ♀-f. andromina Eliot, 1980; Malayan Nat. J. 33 (3/4): 139, f. 1-2; TL: Malaysia, Selangor, Rantau Panjang forest
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. andromima; [BMP]: 65, pl. 62, f. 2 (f holotype)
    Mimics male Euploea mulciber.[BMP]
  - f. leucothoides Honrath, [1893]
    Papilio paradoxus var. leucothoides Honrath, [1893]; Berl. ent. Z. 37 (1892) (4): 490
    Papilio schönbergianus Honrath, 1888; Berl. ent. Z. 32 (1): 250, pl. 5, f. 5; TL: Borneo
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma ♀ f. leucothoides; Eliot, 1959, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 7 (8): 372
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. leucothoides; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 9
    Papilio paradoxus telesicles ♀-ab. leucothoides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 375
    Papilio schönbergianus; Honrath, 1892, Berl. ent. Z. 36 (2): 441
    Mimic of Euploea eyndhovii and Eupoloea doubledayi.[BMP]
  - f. aegialus Distant, 1883
    Papilio caunus r. aegialus Distant, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 12 (71): 352; TL: Malay Pen.
    Chilasa paradoxa aenigma f. aegialus; [BOR], 95; [BMP]: 65, pl. 3, f. 7-8
    Papilio caunus aegialus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 376
- P. p. niasicus Rothschild, 1895 Nias
  - Papilio paradoxus niasicus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 372; TL: Nias Island
  - Chilasa paradoxa niasicus; [BOR], 94
- P. p. mesades Fruhstorfer, 1908 Batu I.
  - Papilio caunus mesades Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 1 (42): 319; TL: Batu I.
- P. p. melanostoma Jordan, 1909 Philippines (Palawan)
  - Papilio paradoxa melanostoma Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 44; TL: Palawan
  - Chilasa paradoxa melanostoma; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 38, f. 1-3

The veiovis species-group

Papilio veiovis Hewitson, 1865 Celebes. See [maps]
- Papilio veiovis Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio VII-VIII): [13], pl. [7], f. 20; TL: Menado
- Papilio veiovis aristyllos Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (45): 190; TL: E.Celebes, Tombugu
- Chilasa (Chilasa) veiovis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85
- Chilasa veiovis; [BOW]: pl. 131, f. 5; [BOR], 92; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio veiovis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (4): 503

The laglaizei species-group

Papilio laglaizei Depuiset, 1877 New Guinea, Papua, Waigen, W.Irian, . See [maps]
- Papilio laglaizei Depuiset, 1877; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) 7: 171; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio alcidinus Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 11 (66): 423; TL: Aru Is.
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 364
- ?kumiokae Okano, 1988
- Papilio laglaizei; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 364; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 12, 13; [BAUR], 106; [iNaturalist]
Mimics Alcidis agathyrsus moth.[BAUR]

Larva on Litsea [BAUR]
Papilio toboroi Ribbe, 1907 Bougainville, Solomon Islands. See [maps]
- Papilio laglaizei toboroi Ribbe, 1907; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 20 (1,2): 59, pl. 5, f. 1
- Chilasa toboroi; ; [CoL]
- Papilio toboroi; [BOW], pl. 135, f. 13; [BAUR], 108; [iNaturalist]
Papilio moerneri Aurivillius, 1919 -. See [maps]
- Papilio mörneri Aurivillius, 1919; Ent. Tidskr. 40: 177
- Papilio moerneri; [iNaturalist]
- P. m. moerneri New Ireland
  - Papilio moerneri moerneri; [BAUR], 108
- P. m. mayrhoferi Bang-Haas, 1939 New Britain
  - moerneri mayrhoferi Bang-Haas, 1939; Int. Ent. Zs. 52: 301; TL: New Britain
  - Papilio moerneri mayrhoferi; [BAUR], 108 (text)

Papilio osmana Jumalon, 1967 -. See [maps]
- Papilio osmana Jumalon, 1967; Philip. Sci. (F) 4: 117
- Chilasa osmana; [BOR], 94; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; [CoL]
- Papilio osmana; [iNaturalist]
- P. o. osmana Philippines (Leyte)
  - Chilasa osmana osmana; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 38, f. 4-6
- P. o. cabale (Page & Treadaway, 2003) Philippines (NE.Mindanao)
  - Chilasa osmana cabale Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
  - Chilasa osmana cabale; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 38, f. 7
Papilio carolinensis Jumalon, 1967 Philippines (E.Mindanao). See [maps]
- Papilio carolinensis Jumalon, 1967; Philip. Sci. (F) 4: 115
- Chilasa carolinensis; [BOR], 94; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 38, f. 8; [CoL]
- Papilio carolinensis; [iNaturalist]

Subgenus Achillides Hübner, [1819]

Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85; TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus

Achillides; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]

The paris species-group

Papilio paris Linnaeus, 1758

China, S.India (W.Ghats, Nilgiris), Orissa, Kumaon - Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [maps] Paris Peacock

Papilio paris Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 459; TL: Canton, China
Papilio paris tissaphernes Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 171; TL: Hainan

Papilio (Achillides) paris; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
Papilio paris prittwitzi; [iNaturalist]
Papilio paris; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 384; [BIR], 388; [BOR], 52; [MRS], 145; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Princeps paris;

Larva on Euodia lepta, Toddalia asiatica, Citrus spp. [MRS]

P. p. paris NW.India - SW.China, N.Thailand, Vietnam, S.Burma

Papilio paris paris f. decorosa Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 171; TL: Sikkim
Papilio paris majestatis Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 171; TL: Tonkin; Annam; Tenasserim
Papilio paris splendorifer Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 171; TL: Siam
Papilio angelicae Bryk, 1939; Ent. Tidsckr. 60: 262
Papilio reductomaculata Bryk, 1939; Ent. Tidsckr. 60: 263
Papilio sumbingensis Toxopeus, 1937; Ent. Meded. Ned.-Ind. 3: 46; TL: Soemburg

Papilio paris decorosa; Fujioka, 1970, Spec. Bull. Lepid. Soc. Japan (4): 3
Papilio paris paris; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

912x759 (~383Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Dak Dam Waterfall, 16th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1431x1116 (~875Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Dak Dam Waterfall, 16th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1212x1199 (~841Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Dak Dam Waterfall, 16th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1080x979 (~672Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Dak Dam Waterfall, 16th June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1303x1240 (~516Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Monorom Waterfall environs, 23th June 2018, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	953x966 (~399Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Monorom Waterfall environs, 23th June 2018, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. p. tamilana Moore, 1881 S.India
- Papilio tamilana Moore, 1881; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1881 (3): 313; TL: Malabar
- Papilio (Achillides) paris tamilana; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 3, f. 1
- Papilio paris tamilana; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 385; [iNaturalist]
P. p. battacorum Rothschild, 1908 NE.Sumatra
- Papilio arjuna battacorum Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173; TL: NE.Sumatra
- Papilio paris battacorum; [iNaturalist]
P. p. gedeensis Fruhstorfer, 1893 W.Java (Mt. Gedé)
- Papilio arjuna var. gedeensis Fruhstorfer, 1893; Ent. Nachr. 19 (17/18): 285; TL: Java, Mt. Gede, 4000-5000ft
- Papilio arjuna var. gedeensis Fruhstorfer, 1895; Stettin Ent. Ztg. 55 (4-6): 118; TL: Java, Mt. Gédé, 4000-5000ft
- Papilio arjuna karna ab. gedeensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 386
- Papilio paris gedeensis; [iNaturalist]
P. p. arjuna Horsfield, 1828 C.Java
- Papilio arjuna Horsfield, [1828]; Descr. Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy (1): pl. 1, f. 14, 14a, pl. 4, f. 11, 11a; TL: Java
- Papilio arjuna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 386; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio paris arjuna; [iNaturalist]
P. p. tenggerensis Fruhstorfer, 1893 E.Java
- Papilio arjuna var. tenggerensis Fruhstorfer, 1893; Ent. Nachr. 19 (17/18): 286; TL: Mt. Tengger, Java, 5000ft
  - = Papilio arjuna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 386
- Papilio arjuna var. tenggerensis Fruhstorfer, 1895; Stettin Ent. Ztg. 55 (4-6): 119, pl. 3, f. 1
- Papilio (Achillides) paris tenggerensis; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 3, f. 3
P. p. chinensis Rothschild, 1895 W.China
- Papilio paris chinensis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 385; TL: W.China; Thibet?
- Papilio paris chinensis f. gemmifera Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 170; TL: Szetchuan
- Papilio paris chinensis; [MRS], 145; [iNaturalist]
?P. p. neoparis Fruhstorfer, 1908 Formosa
- Papilio paris neoparis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46; TL: Formosa, Kagi
P. p. nakaharai Shirôzu, 1960 N.Taiwan
- paris nakaharai Shirôzu, 1960; Butterflies of Formosa in Colour: 54
- Papilio paris nakaharai; [MRS], 145; [iNaturalist]
P. p. hermosanus Rebel, 1906 C.Taiwan, S.Taiwan
- Papilio polyctor hermosanus Rebel, 1906; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 56: 223; TL: Formosa
- Papilio paris hermosanus f. luli Nakahara, 1932; Zephyrus 4 (4): 243
- Papilio paris hermosanus ab. divinitus Murayama, 1961; Tyô to Ga 11 (4): 54, f. 1, 11; TL: Poli?, Formosa
- Papilio paris hermosanus ab. subdivinitus Murayama, 1961; Tyô to Ga 11 (4): 55, f. 27; TL: Poli, Formosa
- Papilio hermosanus; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio paris hermosanus; [MRS], 145
Larva on Euodia lepta, Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum nitidum [MRS]

Papilio karna C. & R. Felder, 1864 Java. See [maps]
- Papilio karna C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 323 (nom. nud.?); TL: Java
- Papilio karna C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 125; TL: Java
- Achillides karna; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- Papilio (Achillides) karna; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio arjuna karna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 386
- Papilio karna; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps karna;
Larva on Euodia , Citrus Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- P. k. karna W.Java (Mt. Gedé)
  - Papilio karna karna; [iNaturalist]
- P. k. discordia de Nicéville, [1893] NE.Sumatra
  - Papilio discordia de Nicéville, [1893]; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 7 (3): 343, pl. I, f. 2; TL: Sumatra
    
    = Papilio arjuna karna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 386
- P. k. carnatus Rothschild, 1895 N.Borneo
  - Papilio arjuna carnatus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 387; TL: Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu
  - Papilio (Achillides) karna carnatus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 3, f. 2
  - Papilio karna carnatus; [iNaturalist]
- P. k. irauana Jumalon, 1975 Philippines (Palawan)
  - Papilio karna irauana Jumalon, 1975; Tyô to Ga 26 (2): 45, f. 1; TL: Irauan, Puerto Princesa, Palawan
  - Achillides karna irauana; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 39, f. 1-4, pl. 41, f. 1
  - Papilio karna irauana; [iNaturalist]
Papilio bianor Cramer, [1777] SE.China, S.Korea, Japan, Sakhalin, Riu-Kiu. See [maps]
- Papilio bianor Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 10; TL: Kanton, China
- Achillides bianor; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]
- Papilio (Achillides) bianor; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
- Papilio bianor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 378; [BOR], 50; [BRU], 151; [MRS], 147; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps bianor;
1049x776 (~77Kb) ♀ Funaura, Iriomote, Ryukyus, Japan, 5-95, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Phellodendron sachalinensis [BRU], Phellodendron spp. [MRS]
- P. b. bianor S.China, NE.Burma, Shan States, N.Laos, N.Vietnam
  - Papilio bianor bianor; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. b. nakaharae Matsumura, 1929 Sakhalin
  - bianor nakaharae Matsumura, 1929; Ill. comm. Ins. Japan 1: 3 (repl. paradoxa Nakahara, 1924)
  - Papilio bianor paradoxa Nakahara, 1924; Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 19 (2): 38 (preocc. Zinken); TL: Shimizu, Saghalien
  - Papilio bianor sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925; J. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido imp. Univ. 15: 89, pl. 8, f. 9 ♂; TL: S.Saghalien, Ichinosawa
- P. b. doii Matsumura, 1928 Kurile Islands
  - Papilio bianor japonica f. doii Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4): 201; TL: Kuriles
- P. b. mandschurica Matsumura, 1927 S.Ussuri
  - ?Papilio maackii mandschurica Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 115; TL: Manchuria
- P. b. dehaani C. & R. Felder, 1864 Japan
  - Papilio dehaani C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 323, 371
  - Papilio lorquini Reakirt, [1865]; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 462; TL: "Philippines" [error]
    
    = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 379
  - Papilio bianor var. japonica Butler, 1866; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 9 (34): 50; TL: Japan
  - Papilio alliacmon d'Orza, 1869; Lep. Jap.: 9; TL: Japan
    
    = Papilio bianor dehaani ab. gen. vern. japonicus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 379
  - Papilio bianro japonica ab. minomoensis Uchida, 1932; Zephyrus 4: 231
  - Achillides bianor dehaani; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]
  - Papilio (Achillides) bianor dehaani; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 3
  - Papilio bianor dehaani; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 379; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 95
  - Papilio bianor dehaani ab. gen. aest. dehaani; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
  - Papilio bianor dehaani ab. gen. vern. japonicus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 379
  - Papilio dehaanii amamiensis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dehaanii dehaanii; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dehaanii ryukyuensis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dehaanii ullungensis; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio dehaanii; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. hachijonis Matsumura, 1919
  - bianor hachijonis Matsumura, 1919; Thous. Ins. Japan. Addit. 3: 477, pl. 27, f. 3-4
  - Papilio dehaanii hachijonis; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. tokaraensis Fujioka, 1975²
  - Papilio dehaanii tokaraensis; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. junia Jordan, 1909
  - Papilio bianor junia Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 78
  - Papilio bianor junia; [iNaturalist]
- P. b. takasago Nakahara & Esaki, 1930 Taiwan
  - Papilio bianor takasago Nakahara & Esaki, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (4): 210
  - Papilio bianor formosanus Rebel, 1906; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 56: 222; TL: Formosa
  - Papilio bianor takasago; [MRS], 147
  Larva on Euodia meliifolia, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. nitidum, Citrus spp., Rhus succedanea [MRS]
- P. b. kotoensis Sonan, 1927 Taiwan
  - ?Papilio polyctor kotoensis Sonan, 1927; Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 17: 308; TL: Formosa
  - Papilio (Achillides) bianor kotoensis; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 5
  - Papilio bianor kotoensis; [MRS], 147; [iNaturalist]
  Larva on Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Euodia meliifolia, Orixa japonica, Phellodendron amurense, Poncirus trifoliata [MRS]
- P. b. ganesa Doubleday, 1842 Sikkim, Assam, N.Vietnam, Yunnan
  - Papilio ganesa Doubleday, 1842; in Gray, Zool. Misc.: 73; TL: Nepal, Assam
  - Papilio bianor gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 270; TL: N.Vietnam
  - Papilio polyctor triumphator Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (9): 65; TL: Sikkim
  - Papilio polyctor ganesa ab. porphyria Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 79, pl. 48 a; TL: Kashia Hills
  - Papilio polyctor titus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 167; TL: N.Vietnam
  - Papilio triumphator ab. mai Tytler, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (2): 590; TL: Naga Hills
  - Papilio polyctor connectens Mell, 1938; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 1938 (2): 320 (preocc.)
  - Papilio polyctor kingtungensis Lee, 1962; Acta ent. sin. 11 (2): 139, 144, pl. 2, f. 3,5; TL: Yunnan
  - Papilio bianor ganesa; Huang, 2001; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio polyctor ganesa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 383
  - Papilio polyctor triumphator;
- P. b. stockleyi Gabriel, 1936 Myanmar, W.Thailand
  - Papilio polyctor stockleyi Gabriel, 1936; Entomologist 69: 282; TL: Melamoung, W.Siam, Dawna Range
  - Papilio bianor stockleyi; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. b. pinratanai Racheli & Cotton, 1983 SE.Thailand
  - Papilio polyctor pinratanai Racheli & Cotton, 1983; Papilio Internat. 1 (1): 2; TL: Chanthaburi, Thailand
  - Papilio bianor pinratanai; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

Papilio maackii Ménétriés, 1859

E.China, Amur, Ussuri, N.Korea, Japan. See [maps]

Papilio maackii Ménétriés, 1859; Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 17 (12-14): 212 [?], Mélanges biol. St.-Pétersb. 3 (1):100; TL: [Khingan Mts. in the Amur region to Khangar]
Papilio raddei Bremer, 1864; Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. (7) 8 (1): 3, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Bureja
Papilio maacki ab. viridissima Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 264, pl. 5, f. 1
Papilio maacki ab. minima Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 264, pl. 5, f. 2
Papilio maacki masuokai Kato, 1937; Ent. World Tokyo 5: 167
Papilio maackii raddei ab. paki Murayama, 1963; Tyô to Ga 14 (2): 43, f. 1-2

Achillides maackii; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]
Papilio (Achillides) maacki; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
Papilio bianor maacki; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
Papilio bianor maacki ab. gen. aest. maacki; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
Papilio bianor maacki ab. gen. vern. raddei; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
Papilio maacki; Pryer, 1882, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882 (3): 487; [MRS], 154
Papilio maackii; [BRU], 150; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Princeps maackii;

800x697 (~151Kb) ♂ upperside Russia, Chabarovsk, Oblutchie, 10.7.1995 S.N. Vashchenko leg., Photo © D. Smirnov	810x683 (~116Kb) ♂ underside Russia, Chabarovsk, Oblutchie, 10.7.1995 S.N. Vashchenko leg., Photo © D. Smirnov	1233x898 (~353Kb) ♂ upperside Russia, Khabarovskiy Kray, Khabarovsk southern env., Bychikha village. 7th July 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1187x1098 (~467Kb) ♂ upperside Russia, Khabarovskiy Kray, Khabarovsk southern env., Bychikha village. 7th July 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1034x1046 (~490Kb) ♂ Russia, Khabarovskiy Kray, Bolshekhekhtsirskiy Natural Reserve, Chirki post. 14th July 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1036x917 (~548Kb) ♂ Russia, Khabarovskiy Kray, Bolshekhekhtsirskiy Natural Reserve, Chirki post. 15th July 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
751x960 (~68Kb) larva Japan: Hanno, Saitama, Honshu, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	593x960 (~52Kb) larva Japan: Hanno, Saitama, Honshu, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1459 (~342Kb) upperside Japan: Hanno, Saitama, Honshu, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch

Larva on Phellodendron amurensis [BRU], (as maacki) Citrus spp., Phellodendron amurense, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Euodia meliifolia [MRS], Phellodendron amurensis, Dictamnus dasycarpus [RFEL]

P. m. maackii
- Achillides maackii maackii; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]; [SZMN]
- Papilio (Achillides) maacki maacki; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 4
P. m. tutanus Fenton, [1882] Sakhalin, Kurile Islands
- Papilio dehaani var.(?) tutanus Fenton, [1882]; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881 (4): 855; TL: Yesso
  - = Papilio bianor maacki; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
- Papilio maacki kurilensis Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4): 192; TL: Kuriles
- Achillides maackii titanus[sic, tutanus]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 14; [RFEL]
- Papilio maackii tutanus; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 95
P. m. jezoensis Matsumura, 1927 Japan (Hokkaido)
- Papilio maackii jezoensis Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 115; TL: Hokkaido
- Papilio maackii jezoensis ab. isshikii Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 115; TL: Hokkaido
P. m. han (Yoshino, 1997) Fujian, Zhejiang, Sichuan
- Achillides maackii han Yoshino, 1997; Neo Lepidoptera 2-2: 1, f. 5-10, 54, 70; TL: Mt. Wuyishan, Fujiang
- Papilio maackii han; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 33

Papilio maacki maacki × machaon hippocrates
- Papilio maacki maacki × machaon hippocrates; (artificial pairing)
- Papilio (Achillides) maacki maacki × machaon hippocrates; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 6
Papilio dialis Leech, 1893 W.China. See [maps]
- Papilio dialis Leech, 1893; Entomologist 26 (Suppl.): 104; TL: W.China
- Papilio (Achillides) dialis; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio bianor syfanius ♂-ab. dialis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 381
- Papilio dialis dialis; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio dialis tatsuta; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio dialis; [BOR], 51; [MRS], 152; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. d. cataleucas Rothschild, 1908 Hainan
  - Papilio dialis cataleucas Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 173; TL: Five-Finger Mts., Hainan
  - Papilio dialis cataleucas; [BOR], 51; [MRS], 152
- P. d. andronicus Fruhstorfer, 1909 Taiwan
  - Papilio dialis andronicus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 167 (preocc. Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871); TL: Chip-Chip, Formosa
  - Papilio dialis andronicus ab. neotatsuta Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963; Tyô to Ga 13 (3): 53, f. 23, 25; TL: Poli, Formosa
  - Papilio (Achillides) dialis andronicus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 4, f. 6
  - Papilio dialis andronicus; [MRS], 152
  Larva on Euodia meliifolia, Toddalia asiatica, Rhus verniciflua [MRS]
- P. d. schanus Jordan, 1909 Burma
  - Papilio dialis schanus Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 77; TL: S.Shan States
Papilio doddsi Janet, 1896 N.Vietnam. See [maps]
- Papilio doddsi Janet, 1896; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1896: 215; TL: N.Vietnam
- Papilio megei Oberthür, 1899; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1899 (14): 268; TL: Haut-Tonkin
- Papilio (Achillides) doddsi; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1], pl. 4, f. 4
- Papilio dialis doddsi; Shimogori, 1997; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio hopponis Matsumura, 1907 Taiwan
- Papilio hopps [= hopponis] Matsumura, 1907; Insect World 11: 6, 50 (correction)
- Papilio hoppo Matsumura, 1908; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 2: 72; TL: Formosa, Arisan
  - = ; Yoshimoto, 1999, Gekkan-Mushi 336: 20
- Papilio hoppo Matsumura, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (13): 54; TL: Formosa
- Papilio (Achillides) hoppo; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1], pl. 3, f. 4
- Papilio hoppo; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 8; [MRS], 151; [CoL]
- Papilio hopponis; Yoshimoto, 1999, Gekkan-Mushi 336: 20; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps hoppo;
Larva on (as hoppo) Citrus spp. [MRS]
Papilio krishna Moore, 1857 SW.China, Sikkim, Bhutan, Darjeeling, Naga Hills, Manipur (hills), Burma. See [maps] Krishna Peacock
- Papilio krishna Moore, 1857; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1: 108, pl. 2a, f. 6; TL: Bhutan, Darjeeling
- Papilio (Achillides) krishna; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio krishna; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 384; [BIR], 389; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 11; [BOR], 56; [MRS], 155; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps krishna;
- P. k. krishna N.India, Nepal?, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam - Manipur
  - ?manipuri Tytler
  - Papilio (Achillides) krishna krishna; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 4, f. 2
- P. k. charlesi Fruhstorfer, 1902 W.China
  - Papilio krishna charlesi Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (10): 73; TL: Siao-Lou, Szetchuan
  - Papilio krishna charlesi; Yoshino, 1995, Neo Lepidoptera 1: 1 (note); [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. k. thawgawa Tytler, 1939 N.Burma, Yunnan
  - Papilio krishna thawgawa Tytler, 1939; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 41 (2): 238; TL: Hthawgaw, NE.Burma
  - Papilio krishna nu Yoshino, 1995; Neo Lepidoptera 1: 1, f. 1-2; TL: Gaolingon Mts., Yunnan
    
    = ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75
  - Papilio (Achillides) krishna thawgawa; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 4, f. 1
  - Papilio krishna thawgawa; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note); [iNaturalist]
- P. k. mayumiae Mitsuta & Shinkai, 2002 N.Vietnam
  - Papilio krishna mayumiae Mitsuta & Shinkai, 2002; Futao (41): 24; TL: Sapa, N.Vietnam
  - Papilio krishna mayumiae; [iNaturalist]
Papilio arcturus Westwood, 1842 W.China, Kashmir - Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [maps] Blue Peacock
- Papilio arcturus Westwood, 1842; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9: 37; TL: Himalaya
- Papilio (Achillides) arcturus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio arcturus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 383; [BIR], 387; [MRS], 151; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps arcturus;
- P. a. arcturus Nepal - S.Burma
  - Papilio arcturus ab. privatus Röber, 1927; Int. ent. Zs. 20 (44): 400; TL: Naga Hills
  - Papilio arcturus dawna Tytler, 1939; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 41 (2): 237-238; TL: Dawna Taung, Dawnas.
  - Papilio (Achillides) arcturus arcturus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 4, f. 3
  - Papilio arcturus arcturus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
- P. a. arius Rothschild, 1908 NW.India
  - Papilio arcturus arius Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 174; TL: Kashmir valley
  - Papilio (Achillides) arcturus arius; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 4, f. 5
- P. a. arcturulus Fruhstorfer, 1902 Szechuan
  - Papilio arcturus arcturulus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 349; TL: Szechuan
  - Papilio arcturus arcturulus; [MRS], 151
Papilio polyctor Boisduval, 1836 Chitral - Sikkim, Assam, Burma. See [maps] Common Peacock
- Papilio polyctor Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 205; TL: Cashmere
- ?Papilio polyctor ab. alarich Niepelt, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 22, pl. 13, f. 5
- Papilio (Achillides) polyctor; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio polyctor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 381; [BIR], 387; [BOR], 52; [MRS], 150; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps polyctor;
Larva on Xanthoxylon alatum [BIR], Zanthoxylum alatum, Limonia acidissima [MRS]
- P. p. polyctor N.India, valleys of Himalaya
  - Sarbaria peeroza Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1): 258; TL: Dharmsala, NW.Himalaya
  - Papilio (Achillides) polyctor polyctor; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 3, f. 5
  - Papilio polyctor ab. gen. aest. polyctor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 382
  - Papilio polyctor ab. gen. vern. peeroza; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 382
- P. p. xiei Chou, 1994 Yunnan
  - Papilio polyctor xiei Chou, 1994; Mon. Rhop. Sinesium: 751, 150, f. 5; TL: Mengla, Yunnan
    
    = ?Papilio bianor ganesa Doubleday, 1842;
- P. p. stockleyi Gabriel, 1936 N.Thailand
  - Papilio polyctor stockleyi Gabriel, 1936; Entomologist 69: 282
  - Papilio (Achillides) polyctor stockleyi; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 3, f. 6
- P. p. significans Fruhstorfer, 1902 S.Burma
  - Papilio polyctor significans Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (9): 65; TL: Tandong, Tenasserim, 4000'
  - Papilio polyctor significanus[sic]; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Soc. Ent. 17 (9): 66 (orig. missp.)
- P. p. thrasymedes Fruhstorfer, 1909 Formosa
  - Papilio polyctor thrasymedes Fruhstorfer, 1909; Soc. ent. 24 (16): 121; TL: Formosa, Polisha, Chip-Chip-Kosempo
  - Papilio bianor thrasymedes; [iNaturalist]
Papilio elephenor Doubleday, 1845 Assam, S.Shan States. See [maps] Yellow-crested Spangle
- Papilio elephenor Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (106): 305; TL: Sylhet
- ?Papilio elphenor Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 15; TL: Sylhet
- Papilio (Achillides) elephenor; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
- Papilio elephenor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 378; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 4; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio elphenor[sic]; [BIR], 386; [BOR], 52

The palinurus species-group

Papilio palinurus Fabricius, 1787 -. See [maps] Banded Peacock
- Papilio palinurus Fabricius, 1787; Mantissa Insectorum 2: 2, no. 10; TL: Malaysia
- Achillides palinurus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- Papilio (Achillides) palinurus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [1]
- Papilio palinurus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 387; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 2; [BOR], 56; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps palinurus;
Larva on Euodia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- P. p. palinurus Burma - Peninsular Malaya, Borneo
  - Papilio regulus Stoll, [1790]; Aanhangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 175, pl. 41, f. 1, 1A
  - Papilio brama Guérin-Méneville, 1840; Rev. zool. (Soc. Cuvièr) 3 (2): 43, pl. 1, f. 3-4; TL: Malacca
  - Papilio palinurus tubero Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: SE.Borneo
  - Papilio palinurus nikagoras Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: W.Sumatra
  - Papilio palinurus solinus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Insekten-Börse 19 (15): 117; TL: Borneo
  - Papilio palinurus ab. solinus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176
  - Papilio (Achillides) palinurus palinurus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 2, f. 1
  - Papilio (Princeps) palinurus palinurus; [BMP]: 73, pl. 3, f. 15
  - Papilio palinurus palinurus; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
  Larva on Euodia [BMP]
- P. p. auffenbergi Späth, 1992 Indonesia (Simeulue)
  - Papilio (Achillides) palinurus auffenbergi; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 2, f. 2
  - Papilio palinurus auffenbergi; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. nymphodorus Fruhstorfer, 1909 Basilan
  - Papilio palinurus nymphodorus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Bazilan
  - Papilio palinurus nymphodorus; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. adventus Fruhstorfer, 1903 Nias
  - Papilio palinurus adventus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (2): 306; TL: Nias
  - Papilio palinurus adventus; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. daedalus C. & R. Felder, 1861 Philippines
  - Papilio daedalus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (10): 298; TL: Luzon
  - Achillides palinurus daedalus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 41, f. 6, pl. 42, f. 1-6
  - Papilio (Achillides) daedalus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
  - Papilio daedalus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio palinurus daedalus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 388; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. angustatus Staudinger, 1888 Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Cuyo, Busuanga, Dumaran)
  - Papilio daedalus var. angustatus Staudinger, 1888; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (5): 273; TL: Palawan
  - Achillides palinurus angustatus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 41, f. 2-5
  - Papilio (Achillides) daedalus angustatus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 5, f. 1
  - Papilio palinurus angustatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 388
Papilio crino Fabricius, 1793 Ceylon, S.India, Bengal. See [maps] Common Banded Peacock
- Papilio crino Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 5; TL: Madras, India
- Papilio crino var. montanus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 322, 370; TL: Rambodde, Ceylon
- Harimala montanus; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 146, pl. 61, f. 1
- Papilio (Achillides) crino; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 5, f. 6
- Papilio crino; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 389; [BIR], 389; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 11; [BOR], 56; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Papilio crino ♂-ab. montanus Felder; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 389
- Princeps crino;
Larva on Chloroxylum swietenia [BIR]
Papilio buddha Westwood, 1872 S.India. See [maps] Malabar Banded Peacock
- Papilio buddha Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 86, pl. 3, f. 1; TL: ?
- Papilio (Achillides) buddha; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 5, f. 3
- Papilio buddha; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 389; [BIR], 390; [BOR], 58; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps buddha;
Larva on Xanthoxylon rhetsa [BIR]
Papilio blumei Boisduval, 1836 Celebes (Sulawesi). See [maps]
- Papilio blumei Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 206; TL: "Amboina" [error]
- Papilio (Achillides) blumei; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85
- Papilio blumei; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 390; [BOR], 58; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps blumei;
Larva on Euodia , Toddalia Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343
- P. b. blumei N.Sulawesi
  - Papilio (Achillides) blumei blumei; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 5, f. 2; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
- P. b. fruhstorferi Röber, 1897 S.Sulawesi
  - Papilio fruhstorferi Röber, 1897; Ent. Nachr. 23 (14): 223; TL: S.Celebes
  - Papilio (Achillides) blumei fruhstorferi; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86

Papilio chikae Igarashi, 1965 Philippines. See [maps]
- Papilio chikae Igarashi, 1965; Tyô to Ga 16 (1/2): 41; TL: Mt. Santo Tomas (2258m), N.Luzon, Philioppines
- Achillides chikae; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8
- Papilio (Achillides) chikae; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 5, f. 4
- Papilio chikae; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps chikae;
- P. c. chikae Philippines (N.Luzon)
  - Achillides chikae chikae; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 39, f. 5-6, pl. 40, f. 1-2
- P. c. hermeli (Nuyda, 1992) Philippines (N.Mindoro)
  - Achillides chikae hermeli Nuyda, 1992
  - Papilio hermeli Nuyda, 1992; ; TL: Mt Halcon
  - Achillides chikae hermeli; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 40, f. 3-6
  - Papilio (Achillides) hermeli; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 5, f. 5
  - Papilio hermeli; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Papilio peranthus Fabricius, 1787 Java, Celebes. See [maps]
- Papilio peranthus Fabricius, 1787; Mantissa Insectorum 2: 4
- Papilio peranthus ab. phoebus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 307
- Papilio peranthus ab. phoebus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (22): 169
- Papilio (Achillides) peranthus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
- Papilio peranthus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 390; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
- Princeps peranthus;
Larva on Micromelum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
- P. p. peranthus Java
- P. p. adamantius C. & R. Felder, 1865 Celebes
  - Papilio adamantius C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 322 (nom. nud.); TL: Celebes
  - Papilio adamantius C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 121, pl. 18, f. c; TL: Celebes
  - Papilio macedon Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 46, pl. 6, f. 2; TL: Macassar, Menado
    
    = Papilio adamantius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 394
  - Papilio (Achillides) peranthus adamantius; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 6, f. 3; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
  - Papilio adamantius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 394
  - Papilio peranthus adamantius; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. intermedius Snellen, 1890 Tanadjampea, Bonerate, Kalaotoa
  - Papilio peranthus var. intermedius Snellen, 1890; Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 275; TL: Tanah-Djampea
  - Papilio (Achillides) peranthus intermedius; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
  - Papilio peranthus intermedius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 391
- P. p. fulgens Röber, 1891 Bonerate, Lombok, Sambawa, Flores, Pura, Adonara
  - Papilio peranthus var. fulgens Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 274; TL: Bonerate
  - Papilio peranthus fulgens; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 392; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. baweana Hagen, 1896 Bawean
  - Papilio peranthus var. baweana Hagen, 1896; Jahrb. Nass. Nat. 49: 179; TL: Bawean
  - Papilio (Achillides) perantus baweanus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 6, f. 4
  - Papilio peranthus baweana;
- P. p. transiens Fruhstorfer, 1898 Lesser Sunda Is.
  - Papilio peranthus transiens Fruhstorfer, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (22): 169
  - Papilio peranthus transiens Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 307
  - Papilio peranthus transiens; [iNaturalist]
- P. p. insulicola Rothschild, 1896 Saleyer
  - Papilio adamantius insulicola Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (2): 91; TL: Saleyer
  - Papilio (Achillides) adamantius insulicola; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
- P. p. fannius Fruhstorfer, 1909 Sumbawa
  - Papilio peranthus fannius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Sumbawa
- P. p. kinesias Fruhstorfer, 1909 Flores
  - Papilio peranthus kinesias Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Flores
- P. p. kransi Jurriaanse & Lindemans, 1920 Buton
  - Papilio peranthus kransi Jurriaanse & Lindemans, 1920; Tijdschr. Ent. 62 (Suppl.): 5; TL: Buton I.
  - ?Papilio peranthus kransi Jurriaanse, 1920; Tijdschr. Ent. 62: xlvii; TL: Buton I.
  - Papilio (Achillides) peranthus kransi; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
- P. p. wangiwangiensis Kitahara, 1989² Tukangbesi
  - Papilio (Achillides) peranthus wangiwangiensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 86
Papilio pericles Wallace, 1865 Timor. See [maps]
- Papilio pericles Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 45, pl. 6, f. 1; TL: Timor
- Papilio pericles hekaton Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Letti
- Papilio pericles hermogenes Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: Selaru
- Papilio pericles olympiodorus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: Babber
- Papilio (Achillides) pericles; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 9, f. 5
- Papilio pericles; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 392; [BAUR]: 88; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps pericles;
Papilio lorquinianus C. & R. Felder, 1865 Halmaheira, Moluccas, New Guinea. See [maps]
- Papilio lorquinianus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 119; TL: Dodinga
- Papilio lorquinianus apollodorus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (42): 176; TL: Waigiu
- Papilio lorquinianus dewaro Joicey & Talbot, 1922; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (2): 321; TL: Arfak
- ochoco Shmogori, 1997
- Papilio (Achillides) lorquinianus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
- Papilio lorquinianus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 393; [BOW]: pl. 134, f. 2; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps lorquinianus;
- P. l. lorquinianus Ternate, Halmahera, Batjan
  - Papilio lorquinianus lorquinianus; [BAUR], 86
- P. l. philippus Wallace, 1865 Serang
  - Papilio philippus Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 45, pl. 6, f. 3 ♂; TL: Moluccas, Ceram (not Batjan)
  - Papilio (Achillides) lorquinianus philippus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 6, f. 2
  - Papilio lorquinianus philippus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 393
- P. l. albertisi Oberthür, 1880 Kapaur, Andai, West Irian
  - Papilio d'albertisi Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 41 (nom. nud.); TL: Andai
  - Papilio d'albertisi Oberthür, 1880; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova 15: 469, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: Andai
  - Papilio lorquinianus albertisi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 394; [BAUR], 86
- P. l. gelia Jordan, 1909 Bachan
  - Papilio lorquinianus gelia Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 83
  - Papilio lorquinianus gelia; [BAUR], 88 (text)
- P. l. esmeae Parrott, 1985 Morotai
  - lorquinianus esmeae Parrott, 1985; Papilio Int. 2: (104-108)
- P. l. boanoensis Kariya, 1992 Boano I.
  - Papilio lorquinianus boanoensis Kariya, 1992; Tyô to Ga 43 (3): 229; TL: Boano I., Moluccas
- ? ssp. Obi Is.
  - Papilio (Achillides) lorquinianus ?ssp.; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 6, f. 1
Papilio neumoegeni Honrath, 1890 Sumba, Sambawa
- Papilio neumoegeni Honrath, 1890; Ent. Nachr. 16 (8): 127; TL: Sumba
- Papilio (Harimala) maremba Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (2): 192; TL: Sumba
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 390
- Papilio (Achillides) neumoegeni; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 6, f. 5-6
- Papilio neumoegeni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 390; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (4): 503 (note); [BOR], 58; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Princeps neumoegeni;

The ulysses species-group

Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758 New Guinea. See [maps] Mountain Blue Blue Emperor Ulysses Butterfly Blue Mountain Swallowtail
- Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462; TL: Asia
- Papilio diomedes Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 462; TL: India
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 395
- Papilio ulysses telephanes Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 58; TL: Kiriwina, Fergusson
- Papilio ulysses telephanes Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 15 (1): 165; TL: Kiriwina, Fergusson
- Papilio ulysses agasophus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 11; TL: Fergusson
- Papilio ulysses dirce Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 84
- Papilio ulysses physkon Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: Waigiu
- Papilio ulysses eugenius Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio ulysses eugenius f. principalis Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio ulysses eugenius f. roxane Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: New Guinea
- Papilio ulysses taxiles Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: New Guinea, Milne Bay
- Papilio ulysses denticulatus Joicey & Talbot, 1916; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1916 (1): 68; TL: Bismarck Is.
- Papilio (Achillides) ulysses; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
- Papilio ulysses; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 395; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 12, 17; [BAUR]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
- Princeps ulysses;
Larva on Citrus , Evodia [BAUR], Cinnamomum camphora, Acradenia euodiiformis, Acronychia vestita, Citrus limon, C. paradisi, C. sinensis, Citrus spp., Euodia bonwickii, E. elleryana, E. micrococca, E. vitiflora, E. spp., Evodiella muelleri, Geijera paniculata, G. salicifolia, Halfordia scleroxyla Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.
- P. u. ulysses Seran, Ambon
  - Papilio (Achillides) ulysses ulysses; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 8, f. 1, pl. 9, f. 1
  - Papilio ulysses ulysses; [BAUR], 83 (text); [iNaturalist]
- P. u. telemachus Montrouzier, 1856 Trobriand, Fergusson, Goodenough
  - Papilio telemachus Montrouzier, 1856; Ann. Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 401; TL: Woodlark I.
  - Papilio ulysses telemachus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 397; [BAUR], 84
- P. u. telegonus C. & R. Felder, 1860 Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera
  - Papilio telegonus C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 226; TL: Batjan
  - Papilio telegonus telegonus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ulysses telegonus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 399; [BAUR], 83; [iNaturalist]
- P. u. autolycus C. & R. Felder, 1865 W.Irian - Papua
  - Papilio autolycus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 321 (nom. nud.?); TL: New Guinea
  - Papilio autolycus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 114; TL: New Guinea
  - Papilio penelope Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 44; TL: New Guinea; Waigeu; Aru
    
    = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 396
  - Papilio ulysses autolycus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 396; [BAUR], 84
- P. u. joesa Butler, 1869 Cape York - McKay, Queensland
  - Papilio joësa Butler, 1869; Entomologist 4: 348; TL: Queensland
  - Papilio ulysses joesa; [BAUR], 84; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ulysses joësa; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 397
- P. u. orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888 Choiseul, Isabel, Guadalcana, Florida Is.
  - Papilio orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (2): 101; TL: Guadalcanar, Solomon Is.
  - Papilio ulysses orsippus ♀-f. hilaria Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 85
  - Papilio ulysses orsippus ♀-f. penthina Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 85
  - Papilio orsippus orsippus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio orsippus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ulysses orsippus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 398; [BAUR], 86 (text)
- P. u. ambiguus Rothschild, 1895 Bismarck Archipelago
  - Papilio ulysses ambiguus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 397; TL: New Britain, New Ireland, Duke of York Island
  - Papilio ulysses kallinikos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 12; TL: New Ireland
  - Papilio ulysses marius Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 12; TL: Miko
  - Papilio orsippus ambiguus; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio orsippus kallinikos; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ulysses ambiguus; [BAUR], 84
- P. u. melanotica Hagen, 1897 Moluccas
  - Papilio ulysses autolycus ab. melanotica Hagen, 1897; Jarhb. Nass. Ver. Nat. 50: 56; TL: Moluccas
  - Papilio ulysse melanotica; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 194
- P. u. gabrielis Rothschild, 1898 Admiralty Is.
  - Papilio ulysses gabrielis Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5 (2): 217; TL: St. Gabriel, Admiralty Is.
  - Papilio (Achillides) ulysses gabrielis; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 8, f. 2, pl. 9, f. 4
  - Papilio ulysses gabrielis; [BAUR], 86
- P. u. nigerrimus Ribbe, 1898 Bougainville, Shortland Is.
  - Papilio ulysses var. nigerrimus Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (21): 161
  - Papilio ulysses nigerrimus ♀-f. cyanippe Jordan, 1909; Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 85
  - Papilio ulysses nigerrimus; [BAUR], 86 (text)
  - Papilio ulysses nigerrimus ♀-f. nigerrimus; Jordan, 1909, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 85
- P. u. morotaicus Rothschild, 1908 Morotai I.
  - Papilio ulysses morotaicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 174; TL: Mira; Morty I. (Morotai)
  - Papilio (Achillides) ulysses morotaicus; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 9, f. 2
  - Papilio ulysses morotaicus; [BAUR], 83 (text)
- P. u. dohertius Rothschild, 1898 Obi
  - Papilio ulysses dohertius Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5: 417; TL: Obi
  - Papilio telegonus dohertius; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio ulysses dohertius; [BAUR], 83 (text)
- P. u. ampelius Rothschild, 1908 Buru
  - Papilio ulysses ampelius Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 174; TL: Buru
  - Papilio ulysses ampelius; Joicey & Talbot, 1924, Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (3): 512; [BAUR], 83 (text)
- P. u. oxyartes Fruhstorfer, 1909 Aru
  - Papilio ulysses oxyartes Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 177; TL: Aru
  - Papilio (Achillides) ulysses oxyartes; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 9, f. 3
  - Papilio ulysses oxyartes; [BAUR], 83 (text)
- P. u. georgius Rothschild, 1908 New Georgia Group
  - Papilio ulysses georgius Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1): 174; TL: Solomon Is.
  - Papilio ulysses rothschildianus Fruhstorfer, 1909; Ent. Zs. 22 (41): 169 (repl. georgius Rothschild)
  - Papilio ulysses georgius; [BAUR], 86 (text)
Papilio montrouzieri Boisduval, 1859 New Caledonia
- Papilio montrouzieri Boisduval, 1859; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 7: clv
- Papilio chaudoiri C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (4): 99, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: "Moluccas" [error]
  - = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 399
- Papilio (ulysses var.) ulyssinus Westwood, 1860; Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 5: 73
- Papilio (ulysses var.) ulyssinus ab. ulyssellus Westwood, 1860; Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 5: 73 [?]; TL: New Caledonia
  - = ; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 285
- Papilio westwoodi Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 41, pl. 3, f. 2; TL: New Caledonia
  - = ; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 285
- Papilio (Achillides) montrouzieri; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2], pl. 9, f. 6
- Papilio montrouzieri; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 399; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 285; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 12 (text); [BAUR], 86; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- Papilio montrouzieri ♂-ab. ulyssellus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 400
- Papilio montrouzieri ab. westwoodi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 400
- Princeps montrouzieri;
Larva on Zieridium pseudobtusifolium, Achronychia laevis Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 285
Papilio syfanius Oberthür, 1886 W.China. See [maps]
- Papilio syfanius Oberthür, 1886; Étud. d'Ent. 11: 13, pl. 1, f. 3; TL: W.China
- ?Papilio syfanius Oberthür, 1890; Étud. d'Ent. 13: 37
- Papilio (Achillides) syfanius; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: [2]
- Papilio bianor syfanius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 380
- Papilio syfanius; [MRS], 156; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 32; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. syfanius N.Yunnan, Sichuan
  - Achilles syfanius kongaensis Yoshino, 1997; Neo Lepidoptera 2-2: 1, f. 1-2, 70; TL: Mt. Kongashan, Luting, near Kanting, Sichuan
    
    = ; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 32
  - Papilio pavonis Chou, Zhang & Xie, 2000; Entomotaxonomia 22 (3): 223, 227; TL: Yunnan
    
    = ; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 32
  - Achillides syfanius syfanius; Yoshino, 1997, Neo Lepidoptera 2-2: 1 (note), f. 3-4
  - Papilio (Achillides) syfanius syfanius; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 1
  - Papilio syfanius syfanius; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 32; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. albosyfanius Shimogori & Fujioka, 1997 China (N.Yunnan)
  - Papilio (Achillides) syfanius albosyfanius; Bauer & Frankenbach, 1998, Butterflies of the world, 1: pl. 7, f. 2
  - Papilio syfanius albosyfanius; [iNaturalist]
- P. s. albomaculata Verity, [1907] W.Sichuan, E.Tibet
  - Papilio syfanius albomaculata Verity, [1907]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (11-12): 108
  - Papilio syfanius albomaculata; Yoshino, 2003, Butterflies 36: 33

Subgenus Heraclides Hübner, [1819]

Heraclides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83; TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
Calaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86; TS: Papilio androgeus Cramer
- = Heraclides; [NL4A], 94
Priamides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 87; TS: Priamides hipponous Hübner
- = Heraclides; [NL4A], 94
Troilides Hübner, [1825]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl. [111]; TS: Troilides tros Hübner
- = Heraclides; [NL4A], 94
Thoas Swainson, 1833; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 121; TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
- = Heraclides; [NL4A], 94
Subgenus Hyppasonia Grishin, 2021 (Heraclides); Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6; TS: Papilio hyppason Cramer

Subgenus Calaides (Heraclides); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
Subgenus Heraclides (Heraclides); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
Subgenus Priamides (Heraclides); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
Calaides; [NHM-BMW]
Caliades; [NHM-BMW]
Caliades[sic, Calaides?]; dos Passos, 1964
Heraclides; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Heraclides (Papilionini); [NL4A], 94
Priamedes; [NHM-BMW]
Priamedes[sic, Priamides]; Grote, 1899, Proc. amer. phil. Soc. 38: 26
Priamides; [NHM-BMW]
Troilides; [NHM-BMW]

The anchisiades species-group

Papilio hyppason Cramer, [1775] Surinam, Brazil(Pará), Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador. See [maps]
- Papilio hyppason Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 46, pl. 29, f. E; TL: Surinam
- Papilio amosis Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): 139, pl. 269, f. A, B (preocc. Cramer, 1777); TL: Surinam
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- Papilio hippason[sic] var. paraensis Bates, 1861; J. Ent. 1 (4): 225; TL: Brazil, Pará
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- Papilio hippasonides Grose-Smith, 1902; Rhop. Exot. [1] 3: (Papilio) 52, pl. 22, f. 3-4; TL: Bolivia
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- Papilio hyppason ♂-f. ptilion Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 602; TL: Peru
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- Papilio hyppason rousseau-decellei Le Moult, 1933; Novit. Ent. 3: 16; TL: Venezuela
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- f. unimacula Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 48 (8): 111 (preocc. Joicey & Talbot, 1922); TL: Peru
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- f. modestior Varea, 1975; ; TL: Ecuador
  - = Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107
- Heraclides (Hyppasonia) hyppason; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
- Heraclides (Troilides) hyppason; [EcuL]
- Heraclides (?) hyppason; Shiraiwa, Cong & Grishin, 2014, ZooKeys 468: 125
- Heraclides hyppason; [NL4A], #107; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio hyppason; [BOW]: pl. 25, f. 5; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Papilio pelaus Fabricius, 1775 -. See [maps]
- Papilio pelaus Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 444; TL: "India"
- Heraclides (Priamides) pelaus; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
- Heraclides pelaus; [NL4A], #115; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio pelaus; [BOW]: pl. 25, f. 9; [CoL] ; [BAMONA]
- P. p. pelaus Jamaica
  - Papilio ornofagus Weidemeyer, 1863; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 2: 147 (nom. nud.)
    
    = Heraclides pelaus pelaus; [NL4A], #115a
  - Heraclides pelaus pelaus; [NL4A], #115a; [BOA]
  - Papilio pelaus pelaus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 603; [Bernard Rond]
- P. p. imerius Godart, 1819 Hispaniola
  - Papilio imerius Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 69; TL: "East Indies"
  - Papilio augias Ménétriés, 1832; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 5: 293 (preocc. Linnaeus, 1763); TL: Haiti
    
    = Heraclides pelaus imerius; [NL4A], #115c
  - Heraclides (Priamides) pelaus imerius; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 2, pl. 2, f. 3-4
  - Heraclides pelaus imerius; [NL4A], #115c; [BOA]
  - Papilio augias; Ménétriés, 1834, Nouv. Mém. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 3: 117, pl. 10, f. 1-2
  - Papilio pelaus imerius; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 603; [Bernard Rond]
- P. p. atkinsi Bates, 1935 Cuba
  - pelaus atkinsi Bates, 1935; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 78 (2): 113; TL: Cuba
  - Heraclides (Priamides) pelaus atkinsi; Möhn, 1999, Butterflies of the World 8: 2, pl. 2, f. 5-6
  - Heraclides pelaus atkinsi; [NL4A], #115b; [BOA]
  - Papilio pelaus atkinsi; [Bernard Rond]
- P. p. puertoricoensis (Möhn, 1999) Puerto Rico
  - Heraclides (Priamides) pelaus puertoricensis Möhn, 1999; Butterflies of the World 8: 2, pl. 2, f. 1-2; TL: Puerto Rico
  - Heraclides pelaus puertoricensis; [NL4A], #115d; [BOA]
  - Papilio pelaus puertoricoensis; [Bernard Rond]
Papilio oxynius (Geyer, [1827]) Cuba. See [maps]
- Laertias oxynius Geyer, [1827]; ; TL: Cuba
- Papilio augustus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 358; TL: Cuba
  - = Heraclides oxynius; [NL4A], #113
- f. ochracea Rousseau-Decelle, 1933; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 38 (17): 272; TL: Cuba
  - = Heraclides oxynius; [NL4A], #113
- Papilio oxynius ♀ f. niveomarginatus Rousseau-Decelle, 1933; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 37 (20): 306; TL: Cuba
  - = Heraclides oxynius; [NL4A], #113
- Heraclides oxynius; [NL4A], #113; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio oxynius; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 603; [BOW]: pl. 25, f. 7; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL]
Papilio epenetus Hewitson, 1861 W.Ecuador. See [maps]
- Papilio epenetus Hewitson, 1861; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio V): [10], pl. [5], f. 14-15; TL: "Cinchona, Ecuador"
- Heraclides (Priamides) epenetus; [EcuL]
- Heraclides epenetus; [NL4A], #101; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio epenetus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 604; [BOW]: pl. 24, f. 19; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL]
Papilio chiansiades Westwood, 1872 Amazonas, Ecuador, Peru. See [maps]
- Papilio chiansiades Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 101, pl. 5, f. 4-5; TL: Rio Topo, Ecuador
- Heraclides chiansiades; [NL4A], #99; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio chiansiades; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 604; Strand, 1916, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2): 23, pl. 17, f. 4; [BOW]: pl. 24, f. 17; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL]
- P. c. chiansiades Ecuador
  - Heraclides (Priamides) chiansiades chiansiades; [EcuL]
  - Heraclides chiansiades chiansiades; [NL4A], #99a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- P. c. maroni Moreau, 1923 French Guiana, Venezuela?
  - Papilio anchisiades maroni Moreau, 1923; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1923: 215; TL: French Guiana
  - Heraclides chiansiades maroni; [NL4A], #99c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Papilio anchisiades maroni; [Bernard Rond, (with reservations)]
  - Papilio maroni;
  Comment by [Bernard Rond].D treats it first as a sp, yet with some doubt. In the addenda and corrigenda of vol 1, published in vol 3of " butterflies of the neotropical region ", he says it is just a ssp of anchisiades.From the figure he gives, and from my personal data (I have specimens collected by me in Venezuelawhich are quite similar to that figure) it is just an individual form of a very variable species.
- P. c. dospassosi Rütimeyer, 1969 Colombia
  - chiansiades dospassosi Rütimeyer, 1969; J. Lep. Soc. 23 (4): 255; TL: Rio Putumayo [Colombia]
  - Heraclides (Priamides) chiansiades dospassosi; [EcuL]
  - Heraclides chiansiades dospassosi; [NL4A], #99b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- P. c. mossi (Brown, 1994) Brazil(Pará)
  - Heraclides chiansiades mossi Brown, 1994; ; TL: Brazil(Pará)
  - Heraclides chiansiades mossi; [NL4A], #99d; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Papilio erostratus Westwood, 1847

-. See [maps]

Papilio erostratus Westwood, 1847; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 5: 36, pl. 3, f. 2, 2*; TL: C.Amer.

Heraclides erostratus; [NL4A], #102; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Papilio erostratus; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 229, 3: pl. 69, f. 9; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 605; [BOW]: pl. 24, f. 21; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL] ; [BAMONA]
Priamides erostratus;

712x960 (~113Kb) larva El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1566 (~542Kb) larva El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1338 (~246Kb) larva El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch
623x960 (~85Kb) larva El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1609 (~331Kb) larva El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1307 (~297Kb) pupa El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch
2048x1476 (~252Kb) upperside El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	2048x1482 (~228Kb) underside El Salvador, Photo 2016 © Sune Hauch	[Sune Hauch] I made some notes about the larval behavior. ALLEN M. YOUNG et al. in "NATURAL HISTORY AND ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRYOF THE NEOTROPICAL BUTTERFLY PAPILlO ANCHISIADES" (1986) describe how the feeding of the closely related Papilio anchisiades throughout all instars was synchronous and nocturnal. In comparison I often witnessed Papilio erostratus larvae had solitary and diurnal feeding behavior.However I also witnessed they would feed together and also late in the evening.I do suppose they were also feeding at night since they had often changed roosting location in the mornings.

P. e. erostratus Guatemala, Costa Rica, Belize, ...
- Papilio rhetus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 65, pl. 11, f. 5 (preocc. Cramer, 1775); TL: Guatemala
  - = Heraclides erostratus erostratus; [NL4A], #102a
- Heraclides erostratus erostratus; [NL4A], #102a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio herostratus; C. & R. Felder, 1864, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 310 (missp.?)
P. e. erostratinus Vázquez, 1947 Mexico
- erostratus erostratinus Vázquez, 1947; An. Inst. Biol. Mexico 18: 1947; TL: Mexico, Puebla
- Heraclides erostratus erostratinus; [NL4A], #102b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio erostratus f. erostratinus; [Bernard Rond, (probably)]
P. e. vazquezae Beutelspacher, 1986 Mexico
- erostratus vazquezae Beutelspacher, 1986; ; TL: Mexico, Guerrero
- Heraclides erostratus vazquezae; [NL4A], #102c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Papilio rogeri Boisduval, 1836 -. See [maps]
- Papilio rogeri Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 278; TL: Mexico, Yucatán
- Heraclides rogeri; [NL4A], #116; [MPG] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Papilio rogeri; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 231, 3: pl. 70, f. 8-9; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 606; [Bernard Rond]; [Opler]; [CoL] ; [BAMONA]
562x485 (~34Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey
- P. r. rogeri Mexico
  - Heraclides rogeri rogeri; [NL4A], #116a; [iNaturalist]
- P. r. pharnaces Doubleday, 1846 Mexico
  - Papilio pharnaces Doubleday, 1846; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 18 (121): 374; TL: "S.Amer."
  - Papilio phanostratus Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 232; TL: Mexico, Jalapa
    
    = Heraclides rogeri pharnaces; [NL4A], #116b
  - Papilio polycharmus Godman & Salvin, [1890]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 232, 3: pl. 70, f. 10; TL: Mexico, Sinaloa
    
    = Heraclides rogeri pharnaces; [NL4A], #116b
  - f. paucimaculata Vázquez, 1947; An. Inst. Biol. Mexico 18: 249; TL: Mexico, Guanajuato
    
    = Heraclides rogeri pharnaces; [NL4A], #116b
  - f. dissimilis Vázquez, 1957; An. Inst. Biol. Mexico 27: 478 (preocc. Linnaeus, 1758); TL: Mexico, Chiapas
    
    = Heraclides rogeri pharnaces; [NL4A], #116b
  - Heraclides pharnaces; ; [BOA]
  - Heraclides rogeri pharnaces; [NL4A], #116b; [iNaturalist]
  - Papilio pharnaces; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 231; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 605; [BOW]: pl. 25, f. 10; [Bernard Rond]; [CoL]
  - Papilio rogeri pharnaces;
  - Priamides pharnaces;
Papilio anchisiades Esper, 1788 -. See [maps] Red-spotted Swallowtail Ruby-spotted Swallowtail
- Papilio anchisiades Esper, 1788; Die ausl. Schmett.: 53, pl. 13, f. 1-2; TL: [Surinam]
- ?Papilio pompeius Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 63
- Papilio isidorus Bates, 1861; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5 (8): 338 (preocc. Doubleday, 1846)
- Papilio pompeius Kirby, 1871; (preocc. Fabricius, 1781)
- Heraclides (Priamides) anchisiades; Shiraiwa, Cong & Grishin, 2014, ZooKeys 468: 120; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 6
- Heraclides anchisiades; [NAB], 340; [NL4A], #92; [MPG] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Heraclides isidorus;
- Papilio anchisiades; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 607; [NACL], #4183; [BOW]: pl. 24, f. 9; [BNA]: 179, pl. 8; [Opler]; [CoL] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BAMONA]
- Priamides anchisiades;
Larva on Citrus spp., C. limon, Casimiroa edulis [BNA]
- P. a. anchisiades Venezuela, Colombia - Guayanas, Peru
  - Priamides hipponous Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 87; TL: Surinam
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades; [NL4A], #92a
  - Papilio archelaus Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 32; TL: Surinam
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades; [NL4A], #92a
  - Papilio theramenes C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 74; TL: Venezuela
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades; [NL4A], #92a
  - Heraclides matusiki Johnson & Rozycki, 1986; J. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 94: (383-393) ; TL: NE.Venezuela
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades; [NL4A], #92a
  - Heraclides (Priamides) anchisiades anchisiades; [EcuL]
  - Heraclides anchisiades anchisiades; [NL4A], #92a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Papilio anchisiades anchisiades; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 608; [Bernard Rond]
- P. a. lamasi (Brown, 1994) Ecuador
  - anchisiades lamasi (Brown, 1994) (Heraclides); ; TL: Ecuador,Palmar, Manabi
  - Heraclides (Priamides) anchisiades lamasi; [EcuL]
  - Heraclides anchisiades lamasi; [NL4A], #92d; [BOA]
- P. a. idaeus (Fabricius, 1793) Texas, Mexico - Panama
  - Papilio idaeus Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 16; TL: "Madras"
  - Papilio pandion Bates, 1861; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5 (8): 338 (nom. nud.)
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades idaeus; [NL4A], #92c
  - Papilio anchisiades var. pandion Bates, 1863; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1863: 242; TL: Panama
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades idaeus; [NL4A], #92c
  - Papilio pandion C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 79 (preocc. Bates, 1863); TL: Mexico
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades idaeus; [NL4A], #92c
  - Papilio pandonius Staudinger, 1894; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (1): 104 (repl. name); TL: Mexico
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades idaeus; [NL4A], #92c
  - Heraclides anchisiades idaeus; [NL4A], #92c; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Papilio anchisiades idaeus; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 607; [NACL], #4183a; [BCR], 73, pl. 6; [Bernard Rond]
  - Papilio pandion; Godman & Salvin, [1890], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 230, 3: pl. 70, f. 6-7, 11; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730
  Larva on Casimiroa edulis, Zanthoxylum , Citrus [BCR]
- P. a. capys (Hübner, [1809]) Bolivia - Parana, Argentina, Paraguay
  - Papilio capys Hübner, [1809]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. 120, f. 3-4
  - Papilio evander Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 32 (preocc. Stoll, 1780); TL: Brazil
    
    = Heraclides anchisiades capys; [NL4A], #92b