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Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Papilio Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 458, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus
Pterourus Scopoli, 1777; Introd. Hist. nat.: 433, TS: Papilio troilus Linnaeus
Princeps Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pl. [116], TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Amaryssus Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., Stockholm 1816 (1): 60, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Jasoniades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio turnus Linnaeus

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Euphoeades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio glaucus Linnaeus

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Heraclides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 83, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus
Achillides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 85, TS: Papilio paris Linnaeus
Orpheides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86 (suppr. ICZN Op. 178 to Princeps Hübner, [1807]), TS: Papilio demodocus Esper
Nestorides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio gambrisius Cramer
Calaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 86, TS: Papilio androgeos Cramer

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Priamides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 87, TS: Priamides hipponous Hübner

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Iliades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88, TS: Papilio memnon Linnaeus
Menelaides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 84, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Troilides Hübner, [1825]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [111], TS: Troilides tros Hübner

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Clytia Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 120 (nec Lamouroux, 1812), TS: Papilio clytia Linnaeus
Thoas Swainson, [1833]; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (26): pl. 121, TS: Papilio thoas Linnaeus

= Heraclides ; [NL4A, 94]

Aernauta Berge, 1842; Schmetterlingsbuch: 19, 106-109, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Caudati Koch, 1860; (unavail.)

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Pyrrhosticta Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 86, TS: Papilio laetitia Butler

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Druryia Aurivillius, 1881; Ent. Tidskr. 2 (1) : 44, TS: Papilio antimachus Drury
Chilasa Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 153, TS: Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus
Harimala Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 145, TS: Papilio crino Fabricius
Charus Moore, [1881]; Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 149, TS: Papilio helenus Linnaeus
Sarbaria Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1) : 258, TS: Papilio polyctor Boisduval
Cadugoides Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1) : 260, TS: Papilio agestor Gray
Sainia Moore, 1882; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1882 (1) : 260, TS: Papilio protenor Cramer
Araminta Moore, 1886; J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. 21 (1) : 50, TS: Papilio demolion Cramer
Euploeopsis de Nicéville, [1887]; in Elwes & de Nicéville, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt. II (5) : 433, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Menamopsis de Nicéville, [1887]; in Elwes & de Nicéville, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt. II (5) : 433, TS: Papilio tavoyanus Butler
Pangeranopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt.II (4) : 374, TS: Papilio elephenor Doubleday
Panosmiopsis Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, [1887]; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 Pt.II (4) : 374, TS: Papilio rhetenor Westwood
Isamiopsis Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio telearchus Hewitson
Tamera Moore, 1888; Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson (3): 284, TS: Papilio castor Westwood
Achivus Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 286, TS: Papilio machaon Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 96]

Eques Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 290 (nec Bloch, 1793), TS: Papilio nireus Linnaeus
Icarus Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12) : 186 (nec Forbes, 1844), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Melindopsis Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5) : 461, TS: Papilio rex Oberthür
Iterus Donitz, 1899; Berl. ent. Z. 44, SitzBer.: (22), TS: Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson
Sadengia Moore, [1902]; Lepidoptera Indica, 5 : 213, TS: Papilio nephelus Boisduval
Heterocreon Kirby, [1904]; in Hübner, Samml. exot. Schmett. (Wytsman's facsim.), Additional Notes: 101, TS: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Mimbyasa Evans, 1912; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (3): 972, TS: Papilio janaka Moore
Agehana Matsumura, 1936; Insecta Matsumurana 10 (3): 86, TS: Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan
Eleppone Hancock, 1979
Motasiona Niculescu, 1979

= Pterourus ; [NL4A, 96]

Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 35, TS: Papilio xuthus Linnaeus
Papilio, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Chares ; Swinhoe, 1885, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 : 145 (missp. of Charus) Priamedes ; Grote, 1899, Proc. amer. phil. Soc. 38 : 26 (missp. of Priamides Hübner, [1819]) Caliades ; dos Passos, 1964, (missp. [? of Calaides]) Papilio ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 233 Druryeia ; [EBW, (missp.)]

Chilasa (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85 Achillides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8 Papilio (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8 Menelaides (Papilionini) ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 9 Heraclides (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 94] Pterourus (Papilionini) ; [NL4A, 96] Papilio (Papilionini) ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 85; [NL4A, 96]; [AfrL]

800x657 (~158Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, August, 2002), Photo © Erich Mangl

The exact identification of this species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

EU, NAF, Temperate Asia, NA. See [About maps] Ritariperhonen Makaonfjäril Riddarfjäril Schwalbenschwanz Swallowtail Common Yellow Swallowtail Old World Swallowtail Artemisia Swallowtail Le Grand Porte-queue Makaon Paź królowej
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 462, TL: Sweden
?Papilio machaon ab. spuleri Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17) : 129
?Papilio machaon ab. sphyroides Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (1-2) : 109
?Papilio machaon ab. benesignata Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (1-2) : 110
?Papilio machaon ab. intacta Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 16, TL: Torgau
?Papilio machaon mutingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 74
?Papilio machaon taigensis Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 101
?Papilio machaon ruettimanni Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 105
?Papilio machaon guttmanni Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 112
?Papilio machaon dodi Seyer, 1977; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 27: 11
Papilio machaon dodi, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Papilio machaon dodi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio machaon, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Papilio machaon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio machaon, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Papilio machaon, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Papilio machaon, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Papilio machaon, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio machaon, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio machaon, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Papilio machaon, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Papilio machaon ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 272; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [BIR, 395]; [BRU, 149]; [H&R, 35]; [BOR, 60]; [NACL, #4166]; [NAB, 333]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 5]; [MRS, 159]; [BNA: 164, pl. 7]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #121]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Papilio (Papilio) machaon ; [AfrL]

500x345 (~52Kb) upperside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x377 (~38Kb) underside Hickling Broad, Norfolf, UK 15/08/95, Photo © Simon Coombes	600x429 (~75Kb) upperside Finland, Konnevesi, June 1995, Photo © Tero Piirainen
358x480 (~21Kb) larva Northern Poland, Biebrza river, 20.8.1996, Photo © Marek Michalski	500x750 (~31Kb) larva Finland, Sotkamo, Kontinjoki 711:54, 21.7.1997, Photo © Tero Piirainen	1047x773 (~55Kb) larva Asamushi, Aomori, Japan, 8-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
596x400 (~47Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	475x523 (~116Kb) male female (copulation) The steppe-meadow top of the hill Sopka Lysaya of the hill chain called Bugotakskie Sopki, Toguchin District, Novosibirsk Province, West Siberia, Russia. Flat and woody surroundings are seen. 12th June 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	596x400 (~36Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
596x400 (~42Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	750x507 (~40Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	750x504 (~38Kb) larva Sipoo 670:40, 12.07.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
750x495 (~71Kb) upperside Sipoo 670:40, ex.l. 17.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	900x1242 (~202Kb) female Russia, Udmurtia, Izhevsk (parklike areas along shore of "Izhevsky Prud"), 5.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x1406 (~159Kb) larva Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004 (on Cichorium intybus), Photo © Markku Savela
800x600 (~154Kb) pupa Poland: Podkarpacie - Region, Zalesie Antoniowskie, 15.8.2005, Photo © Jaroslaw Bury	1200x987 (~128Kb) Japan: Lake Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, 22.08.2007, Photo © Peter Payzant	840x615 (~123Kb) upperside Russia, Moscow area, 15.8.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
692x467 (~100Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area, 7.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	636x558 (~100Kb) larva cocoon Russia, Moscow area, 11.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	602x560 (~101Kb) cocoon Russia, Moscow area, 11.9.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
1004x655 (~126Kb) upperside Russia, Moscow area, 11.5.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	895x679 (~137Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 11.5.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Umbelliferae, Cicuta virosa, Carum carvi, Pimpinella saxifraga, Aegopodium podagraria, Anethum graveolens, Angelica silvestris, A. archangelica, Levisticum officinale, Peucedanum palustre, Pastinaca sativa, Heracleum sphondylium, Daucus carota [SPRK], Daucus spp., Foeniculum vulgare, Heracleum spp. [MRS]

P. m. machaon

C.Europe Papilio machaon var. marginalis Robbe, 1891; C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg.: 395, TL: Belgium
Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciata Rothke, 1895; Stettin Ent. Ztg 55 (7-9) : 303, TL: Crefeld
Papilio machaon ab. niger Heyne, [1895]; in Rühl, Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte 1 (Tagfalter): 694
?Papilio machaon var. aurantiaca de Selys-Longchamps, 1857; Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge 1 : 4
Papilio machaon var. aurantiaca Speyer, 1858; Geogr. Verbr. Schmett.: 278
Papilio machaon ab. marginalis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. nigrofasciatus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. niger ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274
Papilio machaon ab. gen. aest. aurantiacus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 274

P. m. asiaticus Ménétriés

Papilio machaon var. asiatica Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 70

= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275

Papilio machaon asiaticus ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864

Japan Papilio hippocrates C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3) : 314, 362, TL: Japan
Papilio machaon var. micado Pagenstecher, 1875; Verh. Nat. Ver. Heidelberg: 98 [? or 48]

= ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276

Papilio machaon hippocrates ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; [Oleg Kosterin]

806x618 (~77Kb) A grassy bank pond, Dragonfly Biotope Ponds, Hiraoka, Ikazaki-cho, Ehime-ken, Shikoku-Chiho, Japan. 7th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. m. bairdii Edwards, 1866

Nevada - Kansas, Arizona, Colorado Western Black Swallowtail
Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (4) : 200, TL: Fort Whipple, nr. Prescott, Arizona
Papilio asterius var. utahensis Strecker, 1878; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (14): 128, TL: Utah

= ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio hollandii Edwards, 1892; Can. Ent. 24 (3): 50, TL: Colorado

= ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio machaon bairdii, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio machaon bairdii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]
Papilio bairdii hollandii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3
Papilio bairdii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3; [NACL, #4164]; [NAB, 331]
Papilio bairdi ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 548; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11 (text only)]
Papilio machaon bairdii ; [BNA, 168]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

P. m. aliaska Scudder, 1869

Chukot Peninsula, Alaska - N.British Columbia Papilio aliaska Scudder, 1869; Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 12 : 407
Papilio machaon joannisi Verity, [1907]; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: pl. 10, f. 16
Papilio machaon petersii Clark, 1932; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 81 (2934) : 8, pl. 6, f. 3
Papilio machaon aliaska, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio machaon aliaska ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [NACL, #4166a]; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia norvegica ssp. arctica, Heracleum lanatum [BNA]

P. m. oregonius Edwards, 1876

S.British Columbia - Oregon, Idaho Oregon Swallowtail
Papilio hippocrates var. oregonia Edwards, 1876; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 5 : 208, TL: Columbia River, nr. The Dalles
?Papilio bairdii oregonia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3
Papilio bairdii oregonius ;
Papilio oregonius ; [NACL, #4165]; [NAB, 332]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon oregonius ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Papilio machaon; Hagen, 1882

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus [BNA]

P. m. ladakensis Moore, 1884

E.Pamirs Papilio ladakensis Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1) : 46, TL: Tarhsam, Ladak

= Papilio machaon asiaticus ; [MRS]

Papilio machaon sphyrus ab. ladakensis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275

P. m. sikkimensis Moore, 1884

Tibet Papilio sikkimensis Moore, 1884; J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1) : 47 (?preocc. Papilio sikkimensis Wood-Mason, 1882):Sollo,
Papilio machaon sikkimensis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 276; Huang, 2001; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

1024x768 (~124Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, W.Qinghai lake, Nan Shan mts, 3500m, 28.6.2005, Photo © A. Timchenko

1000x910 (~120Kb) ova China, S.Tibet, Nyalam town (4200m, on Heracleum sp.), 6.7.2010, Photo © A. Timchenko

P. m. centralis Staudinger, 1886

Turan, W.Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Pamirs Papilio machaon var. centralis Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 193

P. m. brucei Edwards, 1893

Alberta, Saskatchewan - Nebraska, Utah Papilio brucei Edwards, 1893; Can. Ent. 25 (10) : 254 (nom. nud.?)
Papilio brucei Edwards, 1895; , TL: Colorado

= Papilio machaon bairdii ; [NL4A, #121a]

Papilio machaon[?] dodi McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (216-217), TL: Red Deer River, Gleichen, MT

= ; [BNA, 167]

Papilio baidii brucei ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3
Papilio bairdii dodi ;
Papilio oregonius dodi ; [NACL, #4165a]; [BOC, 117]
Papilio machaon brucei ; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Artemisia dracunculus, Petasites frigidus var. palmatus [BNA]

P. m. montanus Alphéraky, 1897

W.Sichuan, SW.Gansu, E.Qinghai, NW.Yunnan Papilio machaon var. montanus Alphéraky, 1897; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9 : 85, TL: Ta-tsien-lu
Papilio machaon var. montanus Alphéraky, 1897; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 9 : 229, TL: Ta-tsien-lu
Papilio machaon alpherakyi Bang-Haas, 1933; Ent. Z. 47: 90, TL: Gansu
Papilio machaon minschani Bang-Haas; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon chinensomandschuriensis Eller, 1939; (nom. nud.)
Papilio machaon hieromax Hemming, 1934; (unnec. repl. Papilio machaon montanus Alphéraky, 1897)
Papilio machaon montanus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

P. m. kamtschadalus Alphéraky, 1897

Kamchatka

P. m. mauretanica Verity, 1905

N.Africa Papilio machaon mauretanica Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12, pl. 2, f. 5, TL: Algeria
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Blachier, 1908; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2) : 209, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. mauretanica Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 92, TL: Morocco
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. caerulescens Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 139, f. 5, TL: Harrach, Algeria
Papilio machaon var. asiatica ab. djezïrensis Holl, 1910; Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afr. N., 1: 140, TL: Algeria
Papilio sphyrus Hübner, [1823]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 155, f. 775-776
Papilio machaon machaon maxima Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 52, f. 2, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon maxima gen.aest. angulata Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1 (suppl.): 296, pl. 60, f. 14, TL: Tangier, Morocco
Papilio machaon f. chrysostoma Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48: 41, f. 1, TL: Tunisia
Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275
Papilio machaon mauretanica ; [BMAT, 3, pl. 1, f. 1-2]

600x435 (~47Kb) larva Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	435x600 (~37Kb) larva Morocco, Siroua, Anti-Atlas , Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~39Kb) upperside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
600x435 (~41Kb) underside Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~42Kb) male female Morocco, Tiznit, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Haplophyllum tuberculatum, Bupleurum fruticescens, Daucus carota, Seseli varium, Ruta graveolens, Ruta chalepensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula communis, Dictamnus sp., Artemisia sp. [BMAT]

P. m. verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907

N.Burma, Shan States, S.Yunnan Papilio machaon verityi Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (41) : 301, TL: Mannao, Yunnan
Papilio machaon verityi, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio machaon verityi ; [MRS, 159]; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

Larva on Umbelliferae [MRS]

P. m. archias Fruhstorfer, 1907

S.Sichuan Papilio machaon f. archias Fruhstorfer, 1907; Ent. Zs. 20 (41) : 301, TL: Sichuan, Fou-Lin
Papilio machaon archias ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. birmanicus Rothschild, 1908

S.Shan States Papilio machaon birmanicus Rothschild, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1) : 168, TL: Shan States; Burma
Papilio machaon birmanicus ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (ntoe)

P. m. ussuriensis Sheljuzhko, 1910

Amur (south), N/C.Ussuri

P. m. neochinensis Sheljuzhko, 1913

Papilio machaon m.v. neochinensis Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 15, TL: Ta-tsien-lu
Papilio machaon neochinensis ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. lapponica Verity, 1911

N.Europe Papilio machaon lapponica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 295, pl. 60, f. 9, TL: Lappland

P. m. orientis Verity, 1911

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Amur (north), Far East Papilio machaon orientis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 297, pl. 60, f. 10-12, TL: Sajan

P. m. septentrionalis Verity, 1911

Kurile Islands Papilio machaon septentrionalis Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 299, pl. 61, f. 10-11
Papilio machaon chishimana Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 192, TL: Kuriles

P. m. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911

Sakhalin Papilio machaon sachalinensis Matsumura, 1911; J. Coll. Sapporo 4: 4

P. m. oreinus Sheljuzhko, 1919

Tian-Shan Papilio machaon oreinus Sheljuzhko, 1919; Neue Beitr. syst. Insektenkunde 1: 124, TL: Naryn

P. m. gorganus Fruhstorfer, 1922

S.Europe, Urals, Caucasus Major Papilio machaon gorganus Fruhstorfer, 1922; Ent. Rundschau 39 (4): 13

P. m. hudsonianus Clark, 1932

Alberta - Quebec Papilio machaon hudsonianus Clark, 1932; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 81 (2934) : 6, pl. 3, f. 1-2
avinoffi F. & R. Chermock, 1937
Papilio machaon hudsonianus, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Papilio machaon hudsonianus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
?Papilio machaon hudsonianus f. comstocki ; [BNA, 167]
Papilio machaon hudsonianus ; [NACL, #4166b]; [BNA, 167]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera [BNA]

P. m. sylvina Hemming, 1933

Taiwan Papilio machaon sylvina Hemming, 1933; Entomologist 66: 279 (repl. sylvia Esaki, 1930)
Papilio machaon sylvia Esaki, 1930; Zephyrus 2: 201, TL: Formosa
Papilio machaon sylvinus ; [MRS, 159]

Larva on Angelica dahurica, A. hirsutiflora, Apium graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Daucus carota, Peucedanum formosanum [MRS]

P. m. syriacus Verity, 1908

Caucasus Minor, Armenia, Talysh Mts Papilio machaon syriaca[?] Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 12
Papilio (Papilio) machaon syriacus ; [AfrL]

P. m. taliensis Eller, 1939

N.Yunnan Papilio machaon taliensis Eller, 1939; , TL: Dali
Papilio machaon taliensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 75 (note)

P. m. kunkalaschani Eller, 1939

W.Sichuan Papilio machaon kunkalaschani ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. suroia Tytler, 1939

Manipur, Assam, NE.India Papilio machaon suroia Tytler, 1939; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 41 (2): 239
Papilio machaon suroia ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976

Kopet-Dagh Papilio machaon weidenhofferi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 72

P. m. schapiroi Seyer, 1976

S.Ussuri Papilio machaon schapiroi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (4): 107

?P. m. pikei Sperling, 1987

pikei Sperling, 1987; , TL: Dunvegan, Alberta
Papilio machaon pikei, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Papilio oregonius pikei ; [BOC, 117]

P. m. muetingi Seyer, 1976

S.Arabia Papilio machaon muetingi Seyer, 1976; Mitt. Ent. Ges. Basel 26 (3): 74
Papilio (Papilio) machaon muetingi ; [AfrL]

P. m. kiyonobu Morita, 1997

Tibet

P. m. chinensis Verity, 1905

Sichuan, ...? Papilio machaon chinensis Verity, 1905; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 16, 109, 297, pl. 11, f. 2, TL: Sichuan, Venchuan
Papilio machaon venchuanus Moonen
?Papilio machaon schantungensis Eller, 1936; , TL: Tsingtau
Papilio machaon venchuanus ; [MRS, 159]
Papilio machaon chinensis ; Huang, 2003, Neue Ent. Nachr. 55: 76 (note)

P. m. annae Gistel, 1857

machaon annae Gistel, 1857; Vacuna 2: 603
Papilio machaon annae ; [MRS, 159]

P. m. baijangensis Huang & Murayama

Papilio machaon baijangenis ; [MRS, 159]

Papilio saharae Oberthür, 1879

N.Africa, Arabia. See [About maps] Papilio machaon var. saharae Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4 : 68, TL: Laghouat, Algeria

= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275

Papilio machaon var. hospitonides Oberthür, 1888; Étud. d'Ent. 12 : 21 (larva), TL: Biskra, Algeria

= Papilio machaon sphyrus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 275

Papilio machaon saharae f. xanthosoma Turati, 1924; Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 63 : 27, pl. 1, f. 1, TL: Bengazi, Libya
Papilio saharae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio (Papilio) saharae ; [AfrL]

600x435 (~16Kb) larva Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

600x435 (~41Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Deverra scopularia, D. chloranthus, D. tortuosus, Seseli varium [BMAT]

Larva on (Saudi Arabia) Ferula sinaica, Pycnocycla glauca [BMAT]

P. s. saharae

Papilio saharae saharae ; [BMAT: 3, pl. 1, f. 3-5, 10]

P. s. rathjensi Warnecke, 1932

Yemen, SW.Saudi-Arabia Papilio saharae rathjensi Warnecke, 1932; Int. ent. Zs. 25: 473, TL: Yemen
Papilio (Papilio) saharae rathjensi ; [AfrL]

Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839

Corsica, Sardinia. See [About maps] Corsican Swallowtail
Papilio hospiton Géné, 1839; Mem. Acad. Torin.: 43, pl. 2, f. 20-21, TL: Tortoli, Sardinia
Papilio hospiton ab. solaris Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17) : 130
Papilio hospiton, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio hospiton ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277; [H&R, 35]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Umbelliferae, Foeniculum vulgare [H&R]

Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800

SEU, Asia Minor, S.Balkans, W.Asia, Iran, Turkestan, Afghanistan, Baluchistan. See [About maps] Southern Swallowtail Baluchi Yellow Swallowtail
Papilio alexanor Esper, 1800; Die Schmett., Suppl. Th 1 (8-9): 89, pl. 110, f. 1, TL: Nice, France
Papilio polidamas Prunner, 1798; Lepidopt. Pedemont. Suppl.: 69
Papilio alexanor, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Papilio alexanor, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Papilio polidamas ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277
Papilio alexanor ; [BIR, 396]; [BRU, 150]; [H&R, 36]; [BOW: pl. 1, f. 4]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Umbelliferae, Trinia vulgaris, Seseli montanum, Ptychotis heterophylla [H&R], Falcaria vulgaris, Seseli libanotis, Torilis heterophylla, Ferula karategina, F. ugamica [BRU]

P. a. alexanor

Papilio alexanor alexanor ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): pl. XVII, f. 3a

P. a. orientalis Romanoff, 1884

Armenia Papilio alexanor var. orientalis Romanoff, 1884; in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 1 : 41, pl. 5, f. 1, TL: SE.Caucasus
Papilio polidamas orientalis ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 277

P. a. judaeus Staudinger, 1894

Asia Minor, Palestine, Transcaucasia Papilio alexanor var. judaeus Staudinger, 1894; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 6 (2) : 369 (repl. Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, 1891), TL: Jerusalem
Papilio alexanor var. maccabaeus Staudinger, [1892]; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 4 (2) : 224 (preocc.), TL: Jerusalem
Papilio polidamas orientalis ab. maccabaeus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278

P. a. hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961

Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghissar Papilio alexanor hazarajatica Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 2, TL: Joshanak Valley, S. of Band-iAmir, W. Koh-i-Baba Mts., 9500ft

P. a. destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983

Papilio alexanor destelensis Nel & Chauliac, 1983; Alexanor 13: (16-20)
Papilio alexanor destelensis ; Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75 (note), pl. XVII, f. 3c

P. a. voldemar Kreuzberg, 1989

W.Tian-Shan

P. a. radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991

Papilio alexanor radighierii Sala & Bollino, 1991; Atalanta 22 (2/4): 75, pl. XVII, f. 1-2, 3b, 4, TL: Piemonte, Valdieri

Larva on Trinia glauca Sala & Bollino, 1991, Atalanta 22 (2/4): 77

Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866

-. See [About maps] Indra Swallowtail Short-tailed Black Swallowtail Cliff Swallowtail
Papilio indra Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 123, TL: Pike's Peak, Colorado
Papilio indra indra, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio indra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 552; [NACL, #4168]; [NAB, 335]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 7]; [BNA: 175, pl. 7, 8]; [BOC, 120]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #120]

700x597 (~57Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x739 (~92Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Cymopterus purpurea, C. panamintensis var. acutifolius, Aletes acaulis, Harbouria trachypleura, Lomatium lucidum, L. parryi, L. nuttallii, L. eastwoodi, L. marginatum, L. scabrum, L. latilobum, L. junceum, L. grayi, L. triternatum, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Pteryxia hendersonii, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, less Thamnosma montana [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

P. i. indra

NW.USA Papilio indra indra ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. minori Cross, 1937

Colorado indra minori Cross, 1937; Proc. Colo. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16 (1): 4, TL: Colorado
Papilio indra minori, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra minori ; [NACL, #4168a]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. pergamus H. Edwards, 1874

W.California Papilio pergamus H. Edwards, 1874; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 (27) : 423, TL: California
Papilio indra pergamus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio indra pergamus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra pergamus ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 553; [NACL, #4168b]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #120a]

P. i. kaibabensis Bauer, 1955

Arizona Papilio indra kaibabensis Bauer, 1955; Lepid. News 9 (2-3): 49, TL: Arizona
Papilio indra kaibabensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra kaibabensis ; [NACL, #4168c]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. fordi Comstock & Martin, 1956

E.California Papilio indra fordi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra fordi ; [NACL, #4168d]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. i. martini Emmel & Emmel, 1966

California indra martini Emmel & Emmel, 1966; Ent. News 77: 57
Papilio indra martini, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra martini ; [NACL, #4168e]

P. i. nevadensis Emmel & Emmel, 1971

Nevada indra nevadensis Emmel & Emmel, 1971; Pan-Pac. Entom. 47: 220
Papilio indra nevadensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio indra nevadensis ; [NACL, #4168f]

P. i. panamintensis Emmel, 1982

California indra panamintensis Emmel, 1982; J. Lep. Soc. 35 (4): (297-302)

P. i. phyllisae Emmel, 1982

indra phyllisae Emmel, 1982; J. Lep. Soc. 35 (4): (297-302)
Papilio indra phyllisae, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. shastensis Emmel & Emmel, 1998

California (Napa Co.) - S.Oregon Papilio indra shastensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998

California Papilio indra calcicola Emmel & Griffin, 1998; , TL: California
Papilio indra calcicola, Butterflies of America [BOA]

P. i. pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin,1998

California Papilio indra pygmaeus Emmel, Emmel & Griffin,1998; , TL: Dead Mountains in San Bernardino, California

P. i. bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000

Utah Papilio indra bonnevillensis Whaley, ?2000; , TL: Utah

Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869

S.Labrador, Newfoundland. See [About maps] Short-tailed Swallowtail
Papilio brevicauda Saunders, 1869; Packard's Guide Ins.: 245
Papilio anticostiensis Strecker, 1873; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (2): 10, pl. 2, f. 2
Papilio medicandus Bryk, 1930
Papilio brevicauda brevicauda, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio brevicauda, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes brevicauda ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 548
Papilio brevicauda ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3; [NACL, #4162]; [NAB, 330]; [BNA: 174, pl. 7]; [Opler]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Papilio asterius; Gosse, 1840, Canad. Natur.: 184

Larva on Ligusticum scothicum, Coelopleurum lucidum, Heracleum lanatum, Angelica atropurpurea, Pastinaca sativa, Conioselinum chinense, Daucus carota var. sativus, Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Dictamnus albus? [BNA]

P. b. brevicauda

Newfoundland Papilio brevicauda brevicauda ; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. b. gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934

Labrador, Quebec brevicauda gaspeensis McDunnough, 1934; Can. ent. 66: 84
Papilio brevicauda gaspeensis ; [NACL, #4162a]; [BNA, 175]; [Bernard Rond]

P. b. bretonensis McDunnough, 1939

Papilio brevicauda bretonensis McDunnough, 1939; Can. ent. 71: ? (153-158), TL: ?Cape Breton I.
Papilio brevicauda bretonensis ; [NACL, #4162b]

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775

-. See [About maps] Black Swallowtail Eastern Black Swallowtail American Swallowtail
Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 444, TL: America
asterioides Eimer, 1895, not Reakirt, 1866
Papilio polyxenes, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
?Papilio polyxenes amplicata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4
Papilio polyxenes ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 242; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 730; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 540; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4; [NACL, #4150]; [NAB, 327]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 11]; [BNA: 171, pl. 6-8]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #122]

700x534 (~118Kb) USA: Mesa Verde National Park, SW Colorado, 14.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela	1200x830 (~122Kb) upperside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x875 (~94Kb) underside male USA: Alabama, Jeff., Co., 29.9.1999, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x1050 (~238Kb) upperside female USA: Alabama, 8.4.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	900x971 (~120Kb) underside female USA: Alabama, 14.8.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1500x996 (~170Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1400x930 (~431Kb) larva USA: Alabama, 11.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x1258 (~118Kb) USA: Alabama, 20.5.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny

Larva on Daucus carota, Apiaceae, Rutaceae, Ruta graveolens, Thamnosma texana [NAB]

Larva on Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]

P. p. polyxenes

Cuba Papilio philoxenes ; Holland, 1927, (missp.)
Papilio polyxenes polyxenes ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 547; [NL4A, #122a]; [Bernard Rond]

P. p. asterius Stoll, 1782

E.USA, S.USA, Mexico - Nicaragua Papilio asterius Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): pl. 385, f. C, D
Papilio ajax Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 462 (part, rej. name ICZN Op. 286)
troilus Drury, 1773, not Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio asterius var. ampliata Ménétriés, 1857; Cat. lep. Petersb. 2: 99, TL: N.Amer.

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio calverleyi Grote, 1864; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 2 : 441, TL: New York

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterioides Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331, TL: Mexico

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. viridis Cockerell, 1889

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. alunata Skinner & Aaron, 1889; Can. Ent. 21 : 127, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio mediocauda Eimer, 1895; , TL: "Canada?"

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] var. semi-alba Ehrmann, 1900; Can. Ent. 32 (11) : 348, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio polyxenes var. curvifascia Skinner, 1902; Ent. News 13 (6) : 183, TL: New Mexico

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterias[sic] ab. ehrmanni Ehrmann, 1925; Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 20: 84, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio asterius ab. gertrudis Kruck, 1931; Ent. Rndsch. 48: 236, TL: Mexico, Oaxaca

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio polyxenes ab. forsythae Wood, 1937; Ent. News 48: 273, TL: Florida

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio gracehus Fabricius, 1938; , TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio ajax f. pseudoamericus Brown, [1943]; , TL: Illinois

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

f. subamplicata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 106, TL: Pennsylvania

= ; [NL4A, #122c]

Papilio joanae Heitzman, 1973; J. Res. Lepid. 12 (1): (1-10)
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio joanae, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio polyxenes asterius, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]

asterias ; Fabricius, 1787, (missp.) alunatus ; mediocanda ; Eimer, 1895, (incorr. orig. spell.) Papilio joanae ; [NACL, #4160]; [Opler] Papilio polyxenes calverleyii ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4 Papilio polyxenes alunata ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4

Papilio polyxenes semialba ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4 Papilio polyxenes curvifascia ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 4 Papilio polyxenes asterius ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 543; [NACL, #4150a]; [NL4A, #122c]; [Bernard Rond]

Misidentified/misapplied:

astyanax; Scudder, 1898
stabilis; dos Passos, 1964

Larva on Angelia ampla, A. atropurpurea, A. venenosa, Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Conium maculatum, Daucus pusillus, D. carota, Daucus carota var. sativus, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum scothicum, Berula erecta, Osmorhiza longistylis, Oxypolis canbyi, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Ptilimnium capillaceum, Carum carvi, Cicuta maculata, C. bulbifera, Cicuta douglasii, Sium suave, Spermolepis divaricata, Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Thamnosma texana, Ruta graveolens, Dictamnus albus [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68, Oxypolis rigidior Williams, 2003, J. Lep. Soc. 57 (2): 149-150

Larva on (for _joanae_) Taenidia integerrima, Thaspium barbinode, Zizia aurea [BNA]

P. p. kahli Chermock, 1937

S.Saskatchewan, S.Manitoba Papilio kahli Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36: 12
Papilio kahli ; [NACL, #4161]
Papilio polyxenes kahli ; [BNA, 172]; [Bernard Rond]

Larva on Daucus carota, Pastinaca sativa, Petroselinum crispum, Zizia aurea, Z. aptera [BNA]

P. p. coloro Wright, 1906

SE.California, W.Arizona Desert Swallowtail
Papilio coloro Wright, 1906; Butts. West Coast (2nd edn.) : 86, pl. 3, f. 25, TL: California
Papilio bairdii f. rudkini Comstock, 1935; , TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio rudkini f. clarki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36: 8, TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio rudkini f. comstocki Chermock & Chermock, 1937; Bull. S.Calif. Acad. Sci. 36: 10, TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #122d]

Papilio polyxenes coloro, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio polyxenes coloro, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio polyxenes coloro, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Papilio rudkini ; [NACL, #4161]; [NAB, 329]
Papilio polyxenes coloro ; [BNA, 172]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122d]

Larva on Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Petroselinum crispum, Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius, Tauschia parishii, T. arguta, Thamnosma monana, Ruta graveolens [BNA]

P. p. stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906

Costa Rica - Panama Papilio polyxenes stabilis Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 543, TL: Costa Rica
Papilio asterius ab. streckeri Holland, 1927; , TL: Costa Rica

= ; [NL4A, #122g]

Papilio polyxenes stabilis ; [BCR: 71, pl. 4, f. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122g]

Larva on Apium leptophyllum, Foeniculum vulgare [BCR]

P. p. americus Kollar, [1849]

Colombia - Peru Papilio americus Kollar, [1849]; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1 : 354, TL: Colombia
Papilio polyxenes americus f. melasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1906; Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 542, TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #122b]

Papilio americus ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 243, 3: pl. 72, f. 8; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3 (missid.?)
Papilio polyxenes americus ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 541; [Bernard Rond]; [NL4A, #122b]

P. p. gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002

Peru Papilio polyxenes gerardi Bollino & Vitale, 2002; Lambillionea 102 (2): 152, f. 1-2, TL: Peru, Cajamarca, road Celendín pass, ~(6°51'S 78°05'W), 1800-2500m
Papilio polyxenes gerardi ; [NL4A, #122e]

P. p. sadalus Lucas, 1852

Ecuador Papilio sadalus Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 133, 4 (9): pl. 10, f. 4, TL: Ecuador, Quito
Papilio sardalus Becker, 1851; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr.: 33 (nom. nud.), TL: Ecuador

= ; [NL4A, #122f]

Papilio polyxenes sadalus ; [EcuL]; [NL4A, #122f]

Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852

Pacific Coast, British Columbia - Baja California. See [About maps] Anise Swallowtail Western Swallowtail
Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852; Revue Mag. Zool. (2) 4 (3): 136, TL: San Francisco, California
Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. impunctata Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17) : 129

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. melanotaenia Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17) : 129

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zolicaon[sic] ab. formosa Fischer, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (17) : 129

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio zelicaon tr.f. mcdunnoughi Gunder, 1928; Can. Ent. 60 : 162, pl. A, f.1 , 1a

= ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio macdunnoughi dos Passos, 1964; (emend.)
Papilio zelicaon, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Papilio zelicaon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Papilio zelicaon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Papilio zelicaon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Papilio zolicaon ; Boisduval, 1852, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 281 (missp.)
Papilio formosus ;
Papilio zelicayn ; Skinner, 1898, (missp.)
Papilio zolicaon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3
Papilio zelicaon ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 550; [NACL, #4167]; [NAB, 334]; [BOW: pl. 12, f. 14]; [BNA: 170, pl. 7]; [Bernard Rond]; [BOC, 118]; [Opler]
Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

1047x773 (~62Kb) underside Minto Island, Salem, Oregon, USA, 8-91, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

800x593 (~93Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

700x535 (~85Kb) USA: Bridge Creek Trailhead, North Cascades Highway, (48°30'30N 120°43'00W), Chelan Co., WA, 28.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, A. arguta, A. hendersonii, A. kingii, A. lineariloba, A. tomentosa, A. lucida, Apium graveolens, Cicuta maculata, Conioselinum scopulorum, Daucus carota, D. pusillus, Conium maculatum, Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, H. sphondylium, Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum, Ligusticum porteri, L. grayi, Lomatium nuttallii, L. californicum, L. dasycarpum, L. urticulatum, L. parryi, L. grayi, L. triternatum, L. marginatum, L. martindalei?, L. dissectum var. multifidum, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Zizia aptera, Pseudocymopterus montanus, Pimpinella, Petroselinum crispum, Pteryxia hendersoni, P. petraea, P. terebinthina var. californica, Pastinaca sativa, Perideridia bolanderi, P. gairdneri, P. kelloggii, Sphenosciadium capitellatum, Tauschia arguta, T. parishii, Citrus sinensis, C. limon, Ruta graveolens [BNA]

P. z. zelicaon

Papilio machaon var. californica Ménétriés, 1855; Cat. lep. Petersb. 1: (supplement) 69 [?? bad ref.], TL: California

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

P. z. nitra Edwards, 1883

Papilio nitra Edwards, 1883; Papilio 3 (7-10) : 158, 162, TL: Montana

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio gothica Remington, 1968; Postilla 119: 2, TL: Colorado

= Papilio polyxenes zelicaon ; [NL4A, #122h]

Papilio nitra ; Rothschild & Jordan, 1906, Novit. Zool. 13 (3): 550
Papilio indra nitra ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 3
Papilio zelicaon nitra ; [NACL, #4167a]

Larva on Anthum graveolens, Angelica ampla, Harbouria trachypleura, Heracleum lanatum, Zizia aptera, Lomatium nuttallii [BNA], Musineon tenuifolium Reiser, 1994, J. Lep. Soc. 48 (1): 68

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767

E.China - Taiwan, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, Japan, Hawaii. See [About maps] Asian Swallowtail
Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 corrigenda, TL: Kanton, China
Papilio xanthus Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 751 (missp. in some editions?)
Papilio xuthulus Bremer, 1861; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 3 : 463
?Papilio xanthus xuthulus f. hondoensis Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47, TL: Hondo,...
?Papilio xuthus ab. igneus Sheljuzhko, 1913; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 27 (1) : 15, TL: Ogaki, Japan
Papilio xuthulinus Murray, 1874; Ent. mon. Mag. 11 : 166, TL: Yokohama
Sinoprinceps xuthus, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Papilio xuthus, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Papilio xuthus, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Sinoprinceps xuthus ;
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. vern. xuthulus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xanthus ab. gen. aest. xanthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 279
Papilio xanthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 278
Papilio xuthus ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (4): 503; [BOR, 60]; [MRS, 157]; [BNA: 164, pl. 63]; [Bernard Rond]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

1047x773 (~50Kb) underside Yonahadake, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

900x530 (~67Kb) Dragonfly Station, Gurye County, Jeonnam Province, S Korea, 28th July 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Phellodendron amurensis [BRU], Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum sp., Citrus sp., Euodia Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8

P. x. xuthus

Yunnan, ...?

P. x. koxingus Fruhstorfer, 1908

Taiwan Papilio xanthus koxinga Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46, TL: Formosa
Papilio xuthus koxingus ; [MRS, 157]

Larva on Poncirus trifoliata, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Z. nitidum, Citrus spp., Evodia ruaecarpa [MRS]

P. x. neoxuthus Fruhstorfer, 1908

Papilio xanthus neoxuthus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 46
Papilio xanthus neoxuthus f. xuthina Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47
?Papilio xanthus neoxanthus ; Fruhstorfer, 1908, Ent. Zs. 22 (11): 47 (missp.?)
Papilio xuthus neoxuthus ; [MRS, 157]

P. x. benguetanus Joicey & Talbot, 1923²

Philippines (N.Luzon, ...) benguelana Joicey & Talbot, 1923; The Entomologist 56: 273 (spell.?)
?benguetana Joicey & Talbot, 1929
Papilio benguelana ; [BOR, 60]
?Papilio xuthus benguetanus ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 8, pl. 43, f. 1-4

Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782

-. See [About maps] Giant African swallowtail
Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3: index & 1, : pl. 1, TL: Sierra Leone
Druryia antimachus ;
Druryeia antimachus ; [EBW]
Papilio antimachus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 21]; [BAFR, 6]
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) antimachus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

800x573 (~110Kb) upperside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov

800x568 (~116Kb) underside C. Africa, Photo © D. Smirnov

P. a. antimachus

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, W.Congo Republic, S.Sudan, N.Angola Drurya[sic] antimachus var. gigantea Watkins, 1899; Ent. mon. Mag. 35 : 109, TL: Gabon

= ; [AfrL]

Druryia antimachus ab. plagiata Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20: 165, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. parvus Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 232, TL: Sierra Leone

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. karschi Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 233, TL: Togo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. rothschildiana Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. staudingeri Reuss, 1922; Archiv. Naturgesch. 87 (A 11): 234, TL: Gabon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. centrispila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus f. melanescens Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924: 372, TL: Congo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. pupillata Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. obsoleta Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 138, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. virgularia Dufrane, 1929; Lambillionea 29: 139, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus coffea Talbot, 1936; Entomologist 69: 112, TL: Ivory Coast

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio antimachus congolanus ab. burgeoni Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 102, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Princeps) antimachus antimachus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) antimachus antimachus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. a. parva (Jackson, 1956)

E.Congo Republic, Uganda Papilo antimachus parva Jackson, 1956; J. E Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. 23 : 72, TL: Uganda, Kigezi, Kanyonza
Papilio (Princeps) antimachus parva ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) antimachus parva ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, 1864

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, ?Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, Angola, Congo Congo, S.Sudan, Uganda. See [About maps] Giant blue swallowtail
Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, 1864; Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Papilio VI): [12], pl. [6], f. 18, TL: Nigeria, Calabar
Icarus zalmoxis f. sufferti Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12) : 186

= ; [AfrL]

Icarus zalmoxis f. ripponi Röber, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24 (12) : 186, TL: Calabara, Congo, ...

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zalmozis ab. cinereus Schultze, 1913; Archiv. Naturgesch. 79 (A) 7: 4, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Druryia zalmoxis ;
Iterus zalmoxis ; [EBW]
Papilio zalmoxis ; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 2]; [BAFR, 4]
Papilio (Princeps) zalmoxis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) zalmoxis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886

-. See [About maps] Regal Swallowtail
Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 : 114, TL: Tanzania, Mhonda, dans l'Ouzigoua
Papilio rex ; Oberthür, 1888, Étud. d'Ent. 12 : 2, pl. 1, f. 2; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 1]; [BK, 109]
Papilio (Princeps) rex ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

The Kenyan forms mimic Tirumala formosa. [BK]

Larva on Teclea tricocarpa, T. stuhlmanni, Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp., Clausena sp., Fagara sp., Toddalia sp. [AfrL]

P. r. rex

Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), NE.Tanzania, C.Tanzania ?Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909; Int. ent. Z. 3: 102, TL: Hochländern zwischen Viktoria See und indischem Ozean

= ?; [AfrL]

Papilio rex rex ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex rex ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex rex ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. mimeticus Rothschild, 1897

Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, NW.Tanzania, W.Kenya Papilio mimeticus Rothschild, 1897; Entomologist 30 : 165, TL: Uganda, Msarosaro
Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 373, TL: Congo Belge, Upper Lowa Valley, West of Masisi N.O. Kivu, 4500-5000ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio rex mimeticus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex mimeticus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex mimeticus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. franciscae Carpenter, 1928

S.Sudan, SW.Ethiopia Papilio rex franciscae Carpenter, 1928; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 76: 28, TL: Sudan, Didinga
Papilio (Princeps) rex franciscae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) franciscae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. commixta Aurivillius, 1908

Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley) Papilio rex commixta Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 12
Papilio rex alinderi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Northern Victoria Nyanza

= ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio rex var. alinderi f. lindblomi Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Kenya, Mount Elgon

= Papilio rex alinderi ; [AfrL]

Papilio rex f. intermediata Bryk, 1930; Lepid. Cat. 24 (39): 515, TL: Nyangori; Kisumu, Victoria Nyanza

= Papilio rex alinderi ; [AfrL]

Papilio rex alinderi f. holmi Bryk, 1953; Ent. Tidskr. 74: 48, TL: Ost-Seite Mount Elgon, Kaptega Estate, 2100m

= Papilio rex alinderi ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Princeps) rex alinderi ; [AfrL]
Papilio rex commixtus ; [BAFR, 8 (text)]
Papilio (Druryia) rex commixtus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. schultzei Aurivillius, 1904

E.Nigeria, Cameroun (highlands) Papilio schultzei Aurivillius, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21: 363, TL: Hossere Uba, Nord Adamana
Papilio rex schultzei ; [BAFR, 8 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) rex schultzei ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex schultzei ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995

SE.Ethiopia (highlands) Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156, TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
rex abyssinicus Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 42 (preocc. Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900), TL: S. W. Abyssinia, Ganji River, Nado's Prov., 5500ft
Papilio rex abyssinicus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex abyssinicana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex abyssinicana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. r. regulana Vane-Wright, 1995

Kenya (highlands E of Rift Valley) Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 156 (repl.), TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
Papilio rex var. regulus Le Cerf, 1919; Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 25: 162 (preocc. Papilio regulus Stoll, 1790), TL: Kijabé (Kikuyu Escarpment), 2100m
Papilio rex ab. eisneri Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 14, TL: Br. Ost. Afr., Escarpment, 9000ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio rex f. endymion Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 5, TL: [Nairobi], Nairobi and Kitale

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio rex regulus ; [BAFR, 8]
Papilio (Princeps) rex regulana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) rex regulana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891

Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Uganda, E.Zaire, S.Sudan. See [About maps] MacKinnon's Swallowtail
Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1891 : 187, TL: Between Sotik and Kavirondo, Kikuyu
Druryia mackinnoni ;
Papilio mackinnoni ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 15]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Rutaceae, Clausema, Toddalia, Citrus [BK], Teclea simplicifolia, T. nobilis, T. tricocarpa [AfrL]

P. m. mackinnoni

S.Sudan, Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, NE.Tanzania Papilio mackinnoni immaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 96, TL: Hinterlande von Usambara

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnoni bimaculatus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 96, TL: Hinterlande von Usambara

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnoni f.indiv. unimaculatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 384, TL: Usambara hinterland

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnnoni[sic] var. elgonia Bryk, 1926; J. East Afr. Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc. (25): 89, TL: Mt. Elgon, 8300ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnoni ab. ampliusmaculata Krüger, 1928; Int. ent. Z. 22: 255, TL: Mt. Elgon Gebiet

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni f. addenda Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89 : 43, TL: Kivu, rivière Muana

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mackinnoni mackinnoni ; [BAFR, 18]; [BK, 111]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mackinnoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni mackinnoni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. benguellae Jordan, 1908

C.Angola (highlands) Papilio mackinnoni benguellae Jordan, 1908; Novit. Zool. 15 (1) : 253, TL: Cuval River, Benguella
Papilio mackinnoni benguellae ; [BAFR, 18 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni benguellae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni benguellae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. theodori Riley, 1921

S.Zaire (Shaba), NW.Zambia Papilio mackinnoni theodori Riley, 1921; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1921 (1-2) : 234, TL: N.W. Rhodesia, Solwezi
Papilio mackinnoni theodori ; [BAFR, 18 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni theodori ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni theodori ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. isokae (Hancock, 1984)

NE.Zambia, W.Tanzania, N.Malawi Princeps (Druryia) mackinnoni isokae Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 187, TL: Chowa Forest, Nyika Plateau, 2300m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni isokae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni isokae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. mpwapwana Kielland, 1990

E.Tanzania Papilio mackinnoni mpwapwana Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 42, TL: Tanzania, Mpwapwa, Rubeho Mts, Mangalisa Mt, 2200m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni mpwapwana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni mpwapwana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. reductofascia Kielland, 1990

N.Tanzania, S.Kenya Papilio mackinnoni reductofascia Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 41, TL: Arusha, Longido, 2600m
Papilio (Princeps) mackinnoni reductofascia ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mackinnoni reductofascia ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758

-. See [About maps] Narrowly green-banded swallowtail
Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 464
Papilio nireus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Druryia nireus ;
Papilio nireus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 17]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Calodenderum capense, Citrus spp., Clausena anisata, C. spp., Fagara macrophylla, Oricia bachmannii, Teclea natalensis, Toddalia asiatica, Vepris lanceolata, Zanthoxylum capense, Z. delagoense [AfrL]

P. n. nireus

Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda (-Bwamba), W.Tanzania, Zambia Papilio erinus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae) : 26
Papilio nireus f. nora Strand, 1915; Ent. Mitt. 4 (7/9): 194 (nom. nud.), TL: Kamerun, Bonaberi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus f. dimidiatus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 385, pl. 4, f. 37, TL: W. Africa, Aguapim

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireoides Braun, 1932; Ent. Zs. 46: 11, TL: Kamerun,Togo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. bedoci Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. punctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. seeldrayersi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. pierardi Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 104, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. falcata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 104, TL: Luebo Kasai

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 105, TL: Côte d'Ivoire, Man

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus f. tenuivittata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 105, TL: Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus var. xerophila Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15, TL: Kafakumba [Congo Republic]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus micronireus Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 15, TL: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus ?ab. lyaeoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 19, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus f. cedeae Sala, 1992; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. No. 75-76: 35, TL: Central African Republic

= ; [AfrL]; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus nireus ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus nireus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus nireus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. n. lyaeus Doubleday, 1845

S.Sudan (Didinga Mountains), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa, Swaziland Narrow Green-Banded Swallowtail
Papilio lyaeus Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 178, TL: Africa
Papilio lyaeus aelyus Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 98, pl. 3, f. 1-2, TL: Deutsch-Ost-Africa, Walde zwischen Mori und Mangati [Tanzania]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mantitheus Ehrmann, 1920; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 15: 21, TL: Br. East Africa [Uganda]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus-lyaeus f. callistria Le Cerf, 1927; Encycl. ent. (B.3 Lep.) 2: 57, TL: Afrique orientale ex allemande [Tanzania]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus pseudonireoides Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 51, TL: Busog, strada fra Jinja e Jganga [Uganda]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus lyaeus ; [BK, 113]; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus lyaeus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus lyaeus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Clausema inaequalis, Calodendron capense, Toddalia aculeata, T. lanceolata, T. natalensis, Citrus, Teclea swynnertoni, Fagara capensis [PBSA]

P. n. pseudonireus C. & R. Felder, 1865

N.Kenya, N.Uganda, S.Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea Papilio pseudo-nireus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 94
Papilio donaldsoni Sharpe, 1896; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896 : 537, TL: Darro Mts., Meo [Somalia]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1900; Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 32 : 292, TL: [Ethiopia] Adua

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus var. abyssinica Cannaviello, 1902; Misc. Ent. 10 (1) : 2, TL: Eritrea
Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. pseudolyaeus Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. anticemaculata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus pseudonireus ab. minor Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Ascalena, presso Let Marefia, Scioa

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus pseudonireus f. semivittata Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 47, TL: [Ethiopia] Dorfu

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio nireus pseudonireus ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) nireus pseudonireus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus pseudonireus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. n. aristophontes Oberthür, 1897

Comoro Is. (Grand Comore) Papilio aristophontes Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897 : 188, TL: Grand Comore
Papilio (Princeps) aristophontes ; [AfrL]
Papilio aristophontes ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus aristophontes ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. n. wilsoni Rothschild, 1926

Ethiopia Papilio wilsoni Rothschild, 1926; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 17: 113, TL: Ethiopia, Nubar Hills, Taldi, 10° 39'N, 1625ft
Papilio (Princeps) wilsoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio nireus wilsoni ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Druryia) nireus wilsoni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843

-. See [About maps] Tailed green-banded swallowtail
Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843; Arcana entomologica, 1: 189, TL: "Gold Coast" [Error, = Cameroon]
Papilio charopus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 24]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus ; [AfrL]
Druryia charopus ;
Papilio (Druryia) charopus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. c. charopus

Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Island of Bioko) Papilio charopus charopus ; [BAFR, 20 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus charopus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) charopus charopus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. c. montuosus Joicey & Talbot, 1927

Congo Republic (Ituri, Kivu), W.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi Papilio charopus montuosus Joicey & Talbot, 1927; Encycl. Ent. (B III) 2 (1): 2, TL: [Congo Republic] N.W. Kivu, Upper Iowa Valley, near msisisi, 5000-6000ft, forest and long grass country
Papilio charopus juventus Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 385, n. 42, pl. 4, f. 32, 35, TL: [Congo Republic] Semliki Valley

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio charopus montuosus ; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio charopus juventus ; [BAFR, 20 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) charopus montuosus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) charopus montuosus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio chrapkowskii Suffert, 1904

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [About maps] Broad green-banded swallowtail Chrapkowski's green-banded swallowtail
Papilio chrapkowskii Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 98, pl. 2, f. 2, TL: Brit.-Ost.-Africa, Nairobi
Papilio bromius var. brontia Strand, 1911; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 25 (10/11): 120, TL: [Tanzania] Sigiund Amani

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. obliterata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 105, TL: [Kenya/Uganda] Afrique Orientale Britannique

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ab. addenda Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 76, TL: [Kenya] Forêt de Ngong

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius chrapkowskii ; [BK, 112]; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskii ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) chrapkowskii ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Teclea [AfrL, (Kielland, 1990)]

Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952

-. See [About maps] Broadly green-banded swallowtail
Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 9, TL: Uganda
Druryia bromius ;
Papilio bromius ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 26]
Papilio (Druryia) bromius ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides ; [AfrL]

Larva on Calodendrum capense, Teclea spp., Vepris spp., Citrus spp. [AfrL]

P. c. chrapkowskoides

E.Congo Republic, SW.Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W.Tanzania Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides ab. opposita Storace, 1952; Lambillionea 52: 11, TL: Uganda

= ; [AfrL]

interjacens Storace, 1961; Doriana 3 (115):2, TL: Rutschuru, Kivu orient; Altouelle, Faradje, Congo Republic di N.E., Uele-Itimbiri

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius interjacens ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio bromius chrapkowskoides ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Druryia) bromius chrapkowskoides ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides chrapkowskoides ; [AfrL]

P. c. nurettini Koçak, 1983

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, C.A.R, Congo Republic, W.Uganda Papilio nurettini Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2 : 165 (repl. Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845), TL: Ghana

= Papilo bromius bromius ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio bromius Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 176 (preocc.), TL: [Ghana] Ashanti
Papilio bromius ab. tessmanni Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2) : 23, TL: [Cameroon] Kamerun, Bassagebt b. Edea; Lolodorf Bipindi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius ab. incerta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2) : 23, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span. Guinea, Makomo Ntumgebt

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius ab. impunctata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 105, TL: Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius chrapkowskii ab. ornata Dufrane, 1946; Bull. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 82 : 105, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, route de Man à Danané, bac sur le Covally

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius ?f. macrops Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo Republic] Kasai

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius f. latior Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo] Congo Français, Etoumbi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius f. imitans Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: Cameroon

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius f. angustevittata Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 55, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius f. caerulea Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius var. tenuis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 56, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Dimbroki; Sierra Leone

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius var. septentrionicola Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 57, TL: [Ivory Coast] Côte d'Ivoire, Ashanti, septentrional

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio bromius bromius ; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Druryia) bromius bromius ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]
Papilio (Princeps) chrapkowskoides nurettini ; [AfrL]

P. c. nerminae Koçak, 1983

São Tomé and Principe Papilio bromius nerminae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2 : 165 (repl. furvus), TL: Island of Sao Thomé, West Africa
Papilio bromius furvus Joicey & Talbot, 1926; Entomologist 59 : 220 (preocc. Papilio furvus Goeze, 1779), TL: Sao Thome
Papilio bromius furvus ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) nerminae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) bromius nerminae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio desmondi van Someren, 1939

-. See [About maps] Desmond's green-banded swallowtail
Papilio desmondi van Someren, 1939; J. E.Afr. Ug. nat. Hist. Soc. 14 : 132, TL: Kenya, Chyulu Range, 6800ft
Papilio brontes ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 26 (text)]
Papilio desmondi ; [BK, 113]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) desmondi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Vepris eugeniifolia, Teclea spp., Clausena sp., Zanthoxylum sp., Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp. [AfrL]

P. d. desmondi

SE.Kenya (Chyulu Hills) Papilio desmondi desmondi ; [BAFR, 25]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi desmondi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) desmondi desmondi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. d. magdae Gifford, 1961

N.Tanzania (Mt. Meru, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro Crater) Papilio magdae Gifford, 1961; Entomologist 94: 287
Papilio brontes Godman, 1885; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 : 540 (preocc. Papilio brontes Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), TL: [Kenya/Tanzania] Kilimanjaro, in forest country at 5000 ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio desmondi magdae ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi magdae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) desmondi magdae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. d. teita van Someren, 1960

SE.Kenya (Teita Hills) Papilio teita van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70, TL: [Kenya] Wandanyi-Mabida, Teita Range
Papilio desmondi teita ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi teita ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) desmondi teita ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. d. usambaraensis (Koçak, 1980)

Tanzania, N.Malawi, NE.Zambia Princeps desmondi usambaraensis Koçak, 1980; Nota lepid. 2 (4): 287 (repl. Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960), TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
Papilio brontes australis van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69, TL: [Tanzania] Tanganyika Territory, Usambara Range
Papilio desmondi australis ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) desmondi usambaraensis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) desmondi usambaraensis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879

highland forests of (Kenya, Tanzania). See [About maps] Hornimans green-banded swallowtail Horniman's swallowtail
Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 647, pl. 47, f. 1-3, TL: [Tanzania] Magila, East Africa
Papilio hornimani hornimani ; [BK, 112]
Papilio hornimani ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 11]; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) hornimani ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Teclea [BK]

P. h. hornimani

Kenya, Tanzania Papilio (Princeps) hornimani hornimani ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) hornimani hornimani ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. h. mwanihanae Kielland, 1987

Tanzania Papilio hornimani mwanihanae Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87: 122, TL: Tanzania, Kilombero, Sanje, 300m
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mwanihanae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) hornimani mwanihanae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. h. mbulu Kielland, 1990

Tanzania Papilio hornimani mbulu Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 40, TL: Tanzania, Mbulu, Mamahisara, Hasama Forest, 2000m
Papilio (Princeps) hornimani mbulu ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) hornimani mbulu ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995

Uganda, W.Kenya. See [About maps] Van Someren's green-banded swallowtail
Papilio (Princeps) interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 150, TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
Papilio interjecta van Someren, 1960; Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 70 (preocc. Papilio leucothoe var. interjectus Honrath, 1892), TL: Kenya, Kaimosi Forest
Papilio interjecta ; [BK, 112]; [BAFR, 24]
Papilio (Princeps) interjectana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) interjectana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

-. See [About maps] Medium green-banded swallowtail
Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 488, TL: Sierra Leone
Papilio nireus ; [BOW: pl. 88, f. 26 (text), pl. 90, f. 17 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) sosia ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Teclea sp.?, Toddalia sp.?, Zanthoxylum gillesi, Citrus sp.? [AfrL]

P. s. sosia

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, S.Nigeria, W.Cameroon Papilio sosia sosia ; [BAFR, 26]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia sosia ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) sosia sosia ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. s. pulchra Berger, 1950

Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C.A.R, N.Angola, Congo Republic Papilio sosia pulchra Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 30, TL: Congo Republic, Stanleyville, Secteur de Basoka
Papilio sosia f. imitatrix Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 45, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio sosia ab. pristina Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 46, TL: [Congo] Etoumbi

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio sosia ?ab. atlantica Birket-Smith, 1960; Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. Noire (A) 22: 525, TL: French Cameroons, near the river Nyong just south of Makak station

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio sosia pulchra ; [BAFR, 26 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia pulchra ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) sosia pulchra ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. s. debilis Storace, 1951

Uganda (forests up to 1200m), NW.Tanzania Papilio sosia debilis Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 47, TL: Bussa-Busoga, route Jinja-Iganga (Busoga), Kakindu, Butiaba (Lac Albert, Uganda), Forêt de Budongo, 1200m
Papilio sosia debillis ; [BAFR, 26 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) sosia debilis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) sosia debilis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900

-. See [About maps] Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26 (8) : 126, TL: [Tanzania] Ostafrika, auf der Route von Ubena nach Langenburg
Papilio thuraui ; [BAFR, 23]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Toddalia sp., T. asiatica [AfrL]

P. t. thuraui

S.Tanzania, N.Malawi Papilio (Princeps) thuraui thuraui ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui thuraui ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. t. cyclopis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903

Malawi (Nyika Plateau), Zambia Papilio thuraui cyclopis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3) : 489, TL: [Malawi] Kasungu Mt., Nyika, Nyassaland, 7450ft
Papilio bromius cyclopis ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui cyclopis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui cyclopis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. t. occidua Storace, 1951

Congo Republic (Kasai), Malawi, NE.Zambia Papilio thuraui occidua Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 51, TL: Congo Belge, Kasai
Papilio brontes occidentale[sic] ; van Someren, 1960, Bol. Soc. Estud. Mocambique 29 (123): 69 (missp.)
Papilio desmondi occidua ; [BAFR, 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui occidua ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui occidua ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. t. heathi (Hancock, 1984)

Malawi? Princeps (Druryia) thuraui occidua f. heathi Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 205, TL: [Malawi] Mlanje
Papilio thuraui heathi ; Hancock, 1993, 563
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui heathi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui heathi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. t. ngorongoro (Hancock, 1984)

N.Tanzania Princeps (Druryia) thuraui ngorongoro Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 204, TL: Tanzania, Ngorongoro Crater, 3° 15'S, 35° 30'E, NW of Lake Manyara
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui ngorongoro ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui ngorongoro ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. t. viphya (Hancock, 1984)

Malawi? Princeps (Druryia) thuraui f. viphya Hancock, 1984; Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9: 206, TL: Malawi, Musamba, Viphya, 1570m
Papilio thuraui viphya ; Hancock, 1993, 557
Papilio (Princeps) thuraui viphya ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druruia) thuraui viphya ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio ufipa Carcasson, 1961

SW.Tanzania (Ufipa). See [About maps] Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1961; Occ. Pap. Coryndon meml Mus. (7): 3, TL: Mbisi forest, Sumbawanga, Ufipa, south-west Tangnayika
Papilio bromius ufipa Carcasson, 1960; J. E. Africa nat. Hist. Soc. (Suppl. 6): 16 (nom. nud.)
Papilio bromius ufipa ; [BAFR, 24 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) ufipa ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) ufipa ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio microps Storace, 1951

Ethiopia, N.Somalia. See [About maps] Papilio aethiops microps Storace, 1951; Lambillionea 51: 52, TL: Shoa, Abyssinia centrale
Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan, 1905; Novit. Zool. 12: 190 (preocc. Papilio aethiops Esper, 1777, Papilio aethiops Palisot de Beauvois, [1805]), TL: Wori to Gamitscha, Kaffa

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio aethiops ab. elicola Strand, 1911; Ent. Rundsch. 28 : 140, TL: Abyssinien, Eli
Papilio aethieps f. oribazoides Carpenter, 1935; Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 83 : 331, TL: Abyssinia, Saki (Shaki) R., Mocha district, 7°26', 35°26', 5800ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio aethiops ab. ragazzii Storace, 1952; Ann. Mus. civ. Nat. Giacomo Doria 66: 40, TL: Scioa, Scitalit, torrente Mantec

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio aethiopsis Hancock, 1983; Smithersia 2: 38 (repl. Papilio aethiops Rothschild & Jordan)
Papilio yildizae Koçak, 1983; Priamus 2 : 165 (repl. Papilio aetihops Rothschild & Jordan)
Papilio aethiops ; [BAFR, 23]
Papilio (Princeps) microps ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) microps ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966

Angola. See [About maps] Papilio nireus chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966; Archivos do Museu Bocage (2) 1: 163, TL: Roça Chitonde-Jungo-Novo Redondo
Papilio (Princeps) chitondensis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) chitondensis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836

E.Madagascar. See [About maps] Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 223, TL: Madagascar
Druryia oribazus ;
Papilio oribazus ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 24 (text), pl. 90, f. 11 (text)]; [BAFR, 21]
Papilio (Princeps) oribazus ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) oribazus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833

-. See [About maps] Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833; Nouv. Annls Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 : 161, TL: Sainte-Marie and Madagascar
Druryia epiphorbas ;
Papilio epiphorbas ; [BAFR, 21]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8]
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. epiphorbas

Madagascar Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. hova Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 386, TL: Tamatave
Papilio epiphorbas f.indiv. oriphorbas Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 386, TL: Tananarive
Papilio epiphorbas epiphorbas ; [AfrL]; [AfrL]
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas epiphorbas ; [MadL]; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas epiphorbas ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. guyonnaudi Turlin & Guilbot, 1990

Comoro I. (Anjouan) Papilio epiphorbas guyonnaudi Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 214, TL: Ajaho, 50, Ile d'Anjouan, Comores
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas guyonnaudi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas guyonnaudi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. praedicta Turlin & Guilbot, 1990

Comoro I. (Grand Comore) Papilio epiphorbas praedicta Turlin & Guilbot, 1990; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (7-8): 216, TL: Trou de Prophète, Mitsamiouli, Littoral nord de Grande Comore
Papilio (Princeps) epiphorbas praedicta ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) epiphorbas praedicta ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, Angola, Congo Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. See [About maps] Mimetic swallowtail
Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 37
Papilio zeryntius Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 370, TL: Sierra Leone

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio boisduvallianus Westwood, 1842; Arcana entomologica, 1: 151, TL: Sierra Leone

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta norcyta Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Togo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio gallienus peculiaris Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 : 342, TL: [Uganda] Entebbe

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio triptolemus Ehrmann, 1918; Lepid. Forest Hills 2: 21, TL: [Uganda] Bujaka

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta f. lavochrea Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 391, TL: Cameroon, Bitje, Ja River, 2,000ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta f. ochrospila Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 392, TL: Congo Belge oriental, Forest between Epuru, E. side, and Ituri River

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta f. acraeamimus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15, TL: [Uganda] Mabira Forest

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta f. albofurculatus Bryk, 1928; Soc. Ent. 43: 15

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta ♀-f. parageoides Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2], TL: Uganda Protectorate

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta cynorta f. agayana Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 20

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta cynorta f. bwambensis Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 20

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cynorta ; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 25]
Druryia cynorta ;
Papilio cynorta cynorta ; [BAFR, 34]
Papilio cynorta arnoldi ; [BAFR, 34 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) cynorta ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) cynorta ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Female mimics Acraea epaea. [BK]

Larva on Clausena sp., Vepris sp., Calodendrum sp., Citrus sp., Fagara sp., Teclea sp. [AfrL]

Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995

SW.Ethiopia. See [About maps] Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995; in Ackery, Smith & Vane-Wright, Carcasson's African Butterflies: 139 (repl. arnoldi Poulton, 1925)
Papilio cynorta arnoldi Poulton, 1925; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1925: 49, pl. D, f. 8 (preocc. Papilio rex var. arnoldi Richelmann, 1909)
Papilio (Princeps) arnoldiana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) arnoldiana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898

E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R, Congo Republic (Mongala, Uele, Ituri), S.Sudan, Uganda. See [About maps] Mountain mimetic swallowtail
Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898; Ent. Tidskr. 19 : 183, TL: Congogebiet, Sassa am oberen Ubangi
Papilio plagiatus, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Papilio plagiatus ; [BAFR, 36]; [BOW: pl. 89, f. 25 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) plagiatus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) plagiatus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, S.Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo, Congo Republic, W.Uganda. See [About maps] Zenobia swallowtail Volta swallowtail (for nobicea)
Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 503, TL: Sierra Leon
Papilio messalina Stoll, [1790]; Aanhaangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): 125, TL: "Land der Caffers" [error]

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio odenatus Westwood, 1872; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2) : 96, pl. 3, f. 3-4, TL: Old Calabar

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zenobia nobicea Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Togo
Papilio zenobia f. amygdaliferus Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30 (9) : 49, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Sta Isabel, Basilé

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zenobia ab. infrapicta Strand, 1913; Archiv Naturg. 79 A (2) : 23, TL: [Equatorial Guinea] Span Guinea, Nkolentangen

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Princeps) nobicea ; [AfrL] Papilio zenobia ab. nobicea ; Papilio zenobia f. nobicea ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio zenobia ; [BAFR, 33]; [BOW: pl. 91, f. 3] Druryia zenobia ; Papilio (Princeps) zenobia ; [AfrL] Papilio (Druryia) zenobia ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Piper umbellatum, Piper sp. [AfrL]

Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868

-. See [About maps] Common white-banded swallowtail
Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868; Ent. mon. Mag. 5 : 60, TL: [Ghana] Ashantee
?Papilio zenobius Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique. 9 (1): 74 (?preocc. Papilio zenobia Fabricius)
Papilio cypraeofila ;
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) cyproeofila ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Piper sp. [AfrL]

P. c. cyproeofila

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, W.Nigeria Papilio cyproeofila cyproeofila ; [BAFR, 33]
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila cyproeofila ; [AfrL]

Papilio fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903

-. See [About maps] Papilio cypraeafila[sic] fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Stettin ent. Ztg 64 (2) : 360
Papilio cyproeofila fernandus f. fumigatus Canu, 1994; Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 317, TL: Equatorial Guinea - Bioko

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio cyproeofila fernandus ; [BAFR, 33 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) fernandus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fernandus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. praecyola Suffert, 1904

E.Nigeria, Cameroon, C.A.R Papilio cypraeafila[sic] praecyola Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Camerun
Papilio (Princeps) cyproeofila praecyola ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fernandus praecyola ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio filaprae Suffert, 1904

-. See [About maps] Papilio cypraeafila[sic] filaprae Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 94, TL: Camerun, Barombi-Station
Papilio cyproeofila filaprae ; [BAFR, 33 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) filaprae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. filaprae

SE.Cameroon, Congo, SW.Congo Republic, Angola Papilio cyraeofila[sic] f. lactifascia Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 390, TL: [Cameroon] Bitje, Ja River, 2000ft
Papilio filaprae filaprae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae filaprae ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) filaprae filaprae ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. musolanus (Hancock, 1988)

Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), W.Cameroon Princeps filaprae musolanus Hancock, 1988; Papilio International 5: 302 (repl.?), TL: Fernando Po
Papilio cypraeofila[sic] f. insularis Schultze, 1913; Ent. Rundsch. 30 (9) : 49 (preocc. Papilio agetes insularis Staudinger, 1895), TL: Fernando Po
Papilio (Princeps) filaprae musolanus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) filaprae musolanus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879

Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Congo, C.Congo Republic of Congo. See [About maps] Narrow-banded swallowtail
Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 : 649, TL: [Nigeria] Isubu, Mongu-ma-lobah and Calabar district
Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. vreuricki Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Congo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio gallienus gallienus ab. ochreata Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo, Congo Belge

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio gallienus ab. hulstaerti Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 46, TL: [Congo Republic] Flandria, Distr. Tshuapa

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio gallienus ; [BAFR, 30]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 9]
Papilio (Princeps) gallienus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) gallienus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881

-. See [About maps] Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881; Berl. ent. Z. 25 : 286, TL: Westafrika, Quango
Druryia mechowi ;
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mechowi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. mechowi

Cameroon, Congo, C.A.R, S.Sudan (around Tambura), Uganda, Congo Republic, Angola Paplio mechowi mechowi ab. albomaculata Berger, 1950; Ann. Mus. Congo belge Zool. (3) 8 (1): 45, TL: Kapanga

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mechowi mechowi ; [BAFR, 32]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi mechowi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mechowi mechowi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. m. whitnalli Neave, 1904

C.Uganda, E.Uganda Papilio gallienus whitnalli Neave, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 : 342, TL: Entebbe
Papilio mechowi whitnalli ; [BAFR, 32 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowi whitnalli ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mechowi whitnalli ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio mechowianus Dewitz, 1885

N.Angola, Congo Republic, C.A.R, Sudan?. See [About maps] Papilio cypraeafila[sic] var. mechowianus Dewitz, 1885; Ent. Nachr. 11 (20) : 305, TL: Niam Niam Ländern
Papilio andoclides Grose-Smith, 1900; Rhopal. Exotica 3: 47, TL: Upper Congo, Stanley Falls

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mechowianus ab. lagai Dufrane, 1936; Lambillionea 36: 40, TL: Congo Belge, sur les bords de la rivière Salonga, aux environs de Watzikengo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio mechowianus ; [BAFR, 34]; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 20]
Papilio (Princeps) mechowianus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) mechowianus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871

Cameroon. See [About maps] Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871; Ent. mon. Mag. 8 : 121, TL: Cameroon
Papilio chionicus Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38 (4) : 370, TL: Barombi Station

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio andronicus ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 20 (text)]; [BAFR, 33]
Papilio (Princeps) andronicus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) andronicus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio maesseni Berger, 1974

Ghana, Togo. See [About maps] Papilio (Druryia) maesseni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868

-. See [About maps] White-Banded swallowtail
Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1868 (1) : 72, TL: Perie Bush, Sogana and Boolo forests near the river Tsomo, in Kaffraria; Tunjumbili, Tugela frontier of Natal
Papilio echerioides, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Druryia echerioides ;
Papilio echerioides ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 6, 7]; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Clausena inaequalis, Toddalia lanceolata, Fagara capensis [PBSA], Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum delagoense, Vepris lanceolata, Citrus sp. [AfrL]

P. e. echerioides

South Africa, Swaziland Papilio echerioides echerioides ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides echerioides ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides echerioides ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. zoroastres Druce, 1878

Cameroun (highlands) Papilio zoroastres Druce, 1878; Ent. mon. Mag. 14 : 226, TL: [Cameroon] "Fernando Po" [error]
Papilio preussius Karsch, 1893; Berl. ent. Z. 38 (4) : 368, TL: Buea-Gebirge, 2100m

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres ab. zoroastroides Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2) : 159, TL: Kamerun, Mussahe

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres ab. sapponis Strand, 1914; Arch. Naturgesch. 80 A (2) : 159, TL: Kamerun, Soppo

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres barnsi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152 (preocc. Papilio rex barnsi Le Cerf, 1924), TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio escherioides gabrieli Gauthier, 1984; Ent. Zs. 94: 319, TL: Fernando Po, 3-4000ft

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres gabrieli ; Canu, 1994, Lambillionea 94 (3) (I): 316 (fem. descr.)
Papilio zoroastres ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 6 (text), f. 12 (text)]
Papilio zoroastres barnsi ; [BAFR, 38 (text)]
Papilio zoroastres zoroastres ; [BAFR, 38 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides zoroastres ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides zoroastres ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. homeyeri Plötz, 1880

Angola, Congo Republic (Lomami, Shaba, Lualaba, Tanganika), SW.Tanzania, N.Zambia Papilio homeyeri Plötz, 1880; Stettin ent. Ztg 41 (7-9): 306, TL: [Angola] Pungo-Adongo
Papilio neumanni Karsch, 1895; Ent. Nachr. 21 (15) : 226, TL: Geri (Ssubuso)

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio tanganikae Oberthür, 1897; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1897 : 190, TL: aux bords du lac Tanganikae

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. zoroastrides Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2) : 24, pl. 13, f. 14, TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. subtanganikae Strand, 1916; Lepidoptera Niepeltiana (2) : 24, pl. 13, f. 15, TL: Deutsch Ost Afrika

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres homeyeri ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 12 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides homeyeri ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides homeyeri ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. wertheri Karsch, 1898

E.Kenya, E.Tanzania, N.Tanzania Papilio echerioides var. wertheri Karsch, 1898; in Werther, Die mittleren Hochländer der nördlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika: 315, TL: Tanzania, Mangati
Papilio echerioides rideschi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1) : 93, TL: Modji an Fusse des Kilima-Ndjaro

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio echerioides rectofasciata Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39, TL: Tanzania, Oldeani, 1900m

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio echerioides wertheri ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides wertheri ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides wertheri ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. leucospilus Rothschild, 1902

Ethiopia (highlands SE of Rift Valley) Papilio echerioides leucospilus Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9 : 598, TL: Ethiopia, Gara Mulata near Harar
Papilio echerioides leucospilus ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides leucospilus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides leucospilus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. oscari Rothschild, 1902

S.Ethiopia (highlands, W of Rift Valley) Papilio echerioides oscari Rothschild, 1902; Novit. Zool. 9 : 597, TL: Kaffa and Djima
Papilio echerioides oscari ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides oscari ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides oscari ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. joiceyi Gabriel, 1945

Sudan, Uganda, W.Kenya, W.Tanzania, Rwanda, Congo Republic(N.Kivu) Zoroaster Swallowtail
Papilio zoroastres joiceyi Gabriel, 1945; Entomologist 78: 152, TL: S. Sudan, Opare Forest and Imatong Mts., 3-4000ft
Papilio zoroastres ♀-f. pallidochrea Stoneham, 1944; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (48): [2], TL: Western Kenya Colony, Mount Elgon

= Papilio escherioides joiceyi ; [AfrL]

Papilio zoroastres joiceyi ; [BAFR, 38]; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides joiceyi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides joiceyi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Rutaceae [BK], Teclea sp. [AfrL, Kielland, 1990]

P. e. chirindanus van Son, 1956

Mozambique (Mt. Gorongosa), E.Zimbabwe Papilio echerioides chirindanus van Son, 1956; Ann. Transv. Mus. 22: 504, TL: S. Rhodesia, Mount Selinda
Papilio echerioides chirindanus ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides chirindanus ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides chirindanus ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. nyiro Carcasson, 1962

NW.Kenya (Mt. Nyiru) Papilio echerioides nyiro Carcasson, 1962; J. E. Africa Nat. Hist. Soc. Coryndon Mus. 24 (1): 62, TL: Northern Frontier District, Mt. Nyiro, 7000ft
Papilio echerioides nyiro ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nyiro ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides nyiro ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. shirensis (Hancock, 1987)

Malawi Princeps echerioides shirensis Hancock, 1987; Papilio International 3: 193, TL: Mlanje, 2000'
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides shirensis ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides shirensis ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. nioka (Hancock, 1989)

Congo Republic (Ituri) Princeps echerioides nioka Hancock, 1989; Papilio International 5: 369, TL: Nioka, Ituri district
Papilio zoroastres joycei ?f. nioka Berger, 1974; Lambillionea 72-73: 70, TL: Kibali-Ituri: Nioka

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio (Princeps) echerioides nioka ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides nioka ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990

E.Tanzania, SE.Tanzania Papilio echerioides pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990; Butterflies of Tanzania: 39, TL: Ulanga District, Muhulu Forest, 1500m
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides pseudowertheri ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides pseudowertheri ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997

Tanzania Papilio echerioides ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Tanzania, Ambagulu, West Usamabara
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides ambangulu ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides ambangulu ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. e. kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997

S.Kenya, N.Tanzania Papilio echerioides kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Tanazania, Kingarama Forest Reserve, Loliondo
Papilio (Princeps) echerioides kiellandi ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) echerioides kiellandi ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio fuelleborni Karsch, 1900

-. See [About maps] Papilio fülleborni Karsch, 1900; Ent. Nachr. 26 (23) : 353, TL: zwischen Uhehe und Iringa; zwischen Idunda und Iringa in Uhehe
Papilio fuelleborni ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio fulleborni[sic] ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Clausena sp. [AfrL, Kielland, 1990]

P. f. fuelleborni

E.Tanzania, S.Tanzania, N.Malawi Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni fuelleborni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni fuelleborni ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1357; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908

N.Tanzania Papilio sjöstedti Aurivillius, 1908; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13 : 15, TL: German East Africa, Meruberg
Papilio sjostedti ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 8 (text)]
Papilio sjostedti sjostedti ; [BAFR, 38]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni sjoestedti ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) sjoestedti sjoestedti ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1358
Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni sjoestedti ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. atavus Le Cerf, 1912

N.Tanzania Papilio sjöstedti var. atavus Le Cerf, 1912; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912 : 336, TL: N.Tanzania (Mt. Kilimanjaro)
Papilio fuelleborni neocesa Kemal & Koçak, 2005; Misc. pap. Center Ent. Studies 91-92: 10 (nom. nov.)

= ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1359

Papilio sjostedti atavus ; [BAFR, 38]
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni neocesa ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni atavus ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1359; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. f. rydoni Kielland, 1987

NE.Tanzania Papilio fülleborni rydoni Kielland, 1987; Lambillionea 87: 118, TL: Morogoro, Uluguru Mts, Bondwa Mt, 2100m
Papilio (Princeps) fuelleborni rydoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) fuelleborni rydoni ; Smith, Liseki & Vane-Wright, 2008, J. Nat. Hist. 42 (19-20): 1357; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891

-. See [About maps] Jackson's swallowtail
Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1891 : 188, TL: [Kenya] Kikuyu
Druryia jacksoni ;
Papilio jacksoni ; [BOW: pl. 90, f. 12]
Papilio jacksoni jacksoni ; [BK, 115]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

Larva on Clausena, Toddalia [BK], Clausena anisata [AfrL]

Female mimics Amauris echeria and relatives. [BK]

P. j. jacksoni

Kenya (highlands), E.Uganda Papilio jacksoni ♀-f. multimaculata Stoneham, 1951; Butterflies of Western Kenya: 19

= ; [AfrL]

Papilio jacksoni jacksoni ; [BAFR, 36]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni jacksoni ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni jacksoni ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. j. ruandana Le Cerf, 1924

Zaire (Kivu), E.Uganda (L. Mobutu Sese Soko), Rwanda, Burundi Papilio jacksoni ruandana Le Cerf, 1924; Bull. Hill. Mus. 1 (3) : 393, TL: Congo belge oriental, Masisi, N.W. Kivu, 5,000ft
Papilio jacksoni ruandana ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni ruandana ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni ruandana ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. j. hecqui Berger, 1954

NE.Zaire (NW shore of L. Mobutu Sese Soko) Papilio jacksoni hecqui Berger, 1954; Lambillionea 54: 93, TL: Kibale-Ituri, Nioka
Papilio jacksoni hecqui ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio jacksoni hecki[sic] ; Kielland, 1978, Tijdschr. Ent. 121 (4) : 159 (missp.)
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni hecqui ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni hecqui ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. j. kungwe Cottrell, 1963

W.Tanzania (Kungwe-Mahale Mts.) Papilio jacksoni kungwe Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32 (7-8) : 127, TL: Tanganyika, western Province, Mt. Kungwe
Papilio jacksoni kungwe ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni kungwe ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni kungwe ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. j. nyika Cottrell, 1963

N.Malawi (Nyika Plaetau), E.Zambia (Nyika plateau) Papilio jacksoni nyika Cottrell, 1963; Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 32 (7-8) : 127, TL: Nyassaland, Nyika Plateau, and Northern Rhodesia border
Papilio jacksoni nyika ; [BAFR, 36 (text)]
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni nyika ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni nyika ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]

P. j. imatonga Clifton & Collins, 1997

SW.Sudan (Imatong Mts.) Papilio jacksoni imatonga Clifton & Collins, 1997; in D'Abrera, Butts Afrotrop. Region (1): 44, TL: Sudan, Imagong Mountains
Papilio (Princeps) jacksoni imatonga ; [AfrL]
Papilio (Druryia) jacksoni imatonga ; [Bernard Rond, 2011]