(Heidelberg Catechism, extended... part 8)
Q. 76.
What is it then
to eat the crucified body,
and drink the shed blood of Christ?
A.
It is not only to embrace with believing heart
all the sufferings and death of Christ
and thereby to obtain the pardon of sin,
and life eternal; (a)
but also, besides that,
to become more and more united
to his sacred body, (b)
by the Holy Ghost,
who dwells both in Christ and in us;
so that we,
though Christ is in heaven (c)
and we on earth,
are notwithstanding "flesh of his flesh
and bone of his bone" (d)
and that we live, and are governed forever
by one spirit, (e)
as members of the same body are by one soul.
(a)
John 6:35 And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that
cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall
never thirst.
John 6:40 And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one
which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life:
and I will raise him up at the last day.
John 6:47 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me hath
everlasting life.
John 6:48 I am that bread of life.
John 6:49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead.
John 6:50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man
may eat thereof, and not die.
John 6:51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any
man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I
will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.
John 6:52 The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can
this man give us his flesh to eat?
John 6:53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you,
Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye
have no life in you.
John 6:54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal
life; and I will raise him up at the last day.
(b)
John 6:55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
John 6:56 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in
me, and I in him.
(c)
Col.3:1 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are
above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God.
Acts 3:21 Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution
of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy
prophets since the world began.
1 Cor.11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye
do shew the Lord's death till he come.
(d)
Eph.3:16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his
glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man;
Eph.5:29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and
cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church:
Eph.5:30 For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his
bones.
Eph.5:32 This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and
the church.
1 Cor.6:15 Know ye not that your bodies are the members of Christ?
shall I then take the members of Christ, and make them the members of
an harlot? God forbid.
1 Cor.6:17 But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit.
1 Cor.6:19 What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy
Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?
1 John 3:24 And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and
he in him. And hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit
which he hath given us.
1 John 4:13 Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because
he hath given us of his Spirit.
John 14:23 Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will
keep my words: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him,
and make our abode with him.
(e)
John 6:56 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in
me, and I in him.
John 6:57 As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father:
so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me.
John 6:58 This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your
fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread
shall live for ever.
John 15:1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman.
John 15:2 Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away:
and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring
forth more fruit.
John 15:3 Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto
you.
John 15:4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit
of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye
abide in me.
John 15:5 I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me,
and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye
can do nothing.
John 15:6 If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and
is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and
they are burned.
Eph.4:15 But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all
things, which is the head, even Christ:
Eph.4:16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted
by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual
working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto
the edifying of itself in love.
Q. 77.
Where has Christ promised that he will
as certainly feed and nourish believers with his body and bleed,
as they eat of this broken bread, and drink of this cup?
A.
In the institution of the supper, which is thus expressed: (a)
"The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed,
took bread,
and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and: said:
eat, this is my body, which is broken for you;
this do in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup,
when he had supped, saying:
this cup is the new testament in my blood;
this do ye, as often as ye drink it,
in remembrance of me.
For, as often as ye eat this bread,
and drink this cup,
ye do show the Lord's death till he come."
1 Cor.11:23-26.
This promise is repeated by the holy apostle Paul, where he says
"The cup of blessing
which we bless,
is it not the communion of the blood of Christ?
The bread which we break,
is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
For we being many are one bread,
and one body:
for we are all partakers of that one bread."
1 Cor.10:16,17.
(a)
1 Cor.11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I
delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was
betrayed took bread:
1 Cor.11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take,
eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance
of me.
1 Cor.11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had
supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye,
as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
Matt.26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it,
and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this
is my body.
Matt.26:27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them,
saying, Drink ye all of it;
Matt.26:28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed
for many for the remission of sins.
Mark 14:22 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and
brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body.
Mark 14:23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave
it to them: and they all drank of it.
Mark 14:24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new
testament, which is shed for many.
Luke 22:19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave
unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in
remembrance of me.
Luke 22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the
new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the
communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the communion of the body of Christ?
1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are
all partakers of that one bread.
29 Lord's Day
Q. 78.
Do then the bread and wine become
the very body and blood of Christ?
A.
Not at all: (a)
but as the water in baptism
is not changed into the blood of Christ,
neither is the washing away of sin itself,
being only the sign and confirmation thereof appointed of God; (b)
so the bread in the Lord's supper
is not changed into the very body of Christ; (c)
though agreeably to the nature and properties of sacraments, (d)
it is called the body of Christ Jesus.
(a)
Matt.26:29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this
fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my
Father's kingdom.
(b)
Eph.5:26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of
water by the word,
Tit.3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but
according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration,
and renewing of the Holy Ghost;
(c)
Mark 14:24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new
testament, which is shed for many.
1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the
communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the communion of the body of Christ?
1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are
all partakers of that one bread.
1 Cor.11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye
do shew the Lord's death till he come.
1 Cor.11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this
cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of
the Lord.
1 Cor.11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that
bread, and drink of that cup.
(d)
Gen.17:10 This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you
and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be
circumcised.
Gen.17:11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it
shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you.
Gen.17:14 And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin
is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he
hath broken my covenant.
Gen.17:19 And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed;
and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant
with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him.
Exod.12:11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your
shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it
in haste: it is the LORD'S passover.
Exod.12:13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses
where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the
plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of
Egypt.
Exod.12:27 That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD'S
passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in
Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the
people bowed the head and worshipped.
Exod.12:43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the
ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:
Exod.12:48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep
the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then
let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in
the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.
Exod.13:9 And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and
for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD'S law may be in thy
mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt.
1 Pet.3:21 The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save
us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of
a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ:
1 Cor.10:1 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant,
how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through
the sea;
1 Cor.10:2 And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the
sea;
1 Cor.10:3 And did all eat the same spiritual meat;
1 Cor.10:4 And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank
of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.
Q. 79.
Why then doth Christ call the bread "his body",
and the cup "his blood", or "the new covenant in his blood";
and Paul the "communion of body and blood of Christ"?
A.
Christ speaks thus, not without great reason,
namely, not only thereby to teach us, that
as bread and wine support this temporal life,
so his crucified body
and shed blood
are the true meat and drink,
whereby our souls
are fed to eternal life; (a)
but more especially
by these visible signs and pledges
to assure us,
that we are as really partakers of his true body and blood
by the operation of the Holy Ghost
as we receive by the mouths of our bodies
these holy signs
in remembrance of him; (b)
and that all his sufferings and obedience
are as certainly ours,
as if we had in our own persons
suffered
and made satisfaction for our sins to God.
(a)
John 6:51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any
man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I
will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.
John 6:55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
(b)
1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the
communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the communion of the body of Christ?
1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are
all partakers of that one bread.
30. Lord's Day
Q. 80.
What difference is there between the Lord's supper
and the popish mass?
A.
The Lord's supper testifies to us,
that we have a full pardon of all sin
by the only sacrifice of Jesus Christ,
which he himself has once accomplished on the cross; (a)
and, that we by the Holy Ghost are ingrafted into Christ, (b)
who, according to his human nature
is now not on earth, but in heaven,
at the right hand of God his Father, (c)
and will there be worshipped by us. (d)
But the mass teaches,
that the living and dead
have not the pardon of sins through the sufferings of Christ,
unless Christ is also daily offered
for them by the priests;
and further, that Christ is bodily
under the form of bread and wine,
and therefore is to be worshipped in them;
so that the mass, at bottom,
is nothing else than a denial of the one sacrifice
and sufferings of Jesus Christ,
and an accursed idolatry. (e)
(a)
Heb.7:27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up
sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this
he did once, when he offered up himself.
Heb.9:12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own
blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal
redemption for us.
Heb.9:25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high
priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;
Heb.9:26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of
the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to
put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
Heb.9:27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this
the judgment:
Heb.9:28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto
them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin
unto salvation.
Heb.10:10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of
the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
Heb.10:12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins
for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;
Heb.10:13 From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his
footstool.
Heb.10:14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are
sanctified.
John 19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It
is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
Matt.26:28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed
for many for the remission of sins.
Luke 22:19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave
unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in
remembrance of me.
Luke 22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the
new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
(b)
1 Cor.6:17 But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit.
1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the
communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the communion of the body of Christ?
(c)
Heb.1:3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image
of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when
he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the
Majesty on high;
Heb.8:1 Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We
have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne
of the Majesty in the heavens;
Heb.8:2 A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which
the Lord pitched, and not man.
John 20:17 Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet
ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I
ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.
(d)
Matt.6:20 But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither
moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor
steal:
Matt.6:21 For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
John 4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe me, the hour cometh,
when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship
the Father.
John 4:22 Ye worship ye know not what: we know what we worship: for
salvation is of the Jews.
John 4:23 But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers
shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father
seeketh such to worship him.
John 4:24 God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him
in spirit and in truth.
Luke 24:52 And they worshipped him, and returned to Jerusalem with
great joy:
Acts 7:55 But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly
into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right
hand of God,
Acts 7:56 And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of
man standing on the right hand of God.
Col.3:1 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are
above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God.
Philip.3:20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we
look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
Philip.3:21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned
like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is
able even to subdue all things unto himself.
1 Thess.1:10 And to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from
the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come.
Heb.9:6 Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went
always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of God.
Heb.9:7 But into the second went the high priest alone once every
year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the
errors of the people:
Heb.9:8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest
of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was
yet standing:
Heb.9:9 Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were
offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did
the service perfect, as pertaining to the conscience;
Heb.9:10 Which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings,
and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation.
(e)
Heb.9:26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of
the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to
put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
Heb.10:12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins
for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;
Heb.10:14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are
sanctified.
Heb.10:19 Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the
holiest by the blood of Jesus,
Heb.10:20 By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us,
through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;
Heb.10:21 And having an high priest over the house of God;
Heb.10:22 Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of
faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our
bodies washed with pure water.
Heb.10:23 Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without
wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)
Heb.10:24 And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to
good works:
Heb.10:25 Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the
manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as
ye see the day approaching.
Heb.10:26 For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the
knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins,
Heb.10:27 But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery
indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.
Heb.10:28 He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or
three witnesses:
Heb.10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be
thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath
counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an
unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?
Heb.10:30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me,
I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his
people.
Heb.10:31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living
God.
Q. 81.
For whom is the Lord's supper instituted?
A.
For those
who are truly sorrowful for their sins,
and yet trust
that these are forgiven them for the sake of Christ;
and that their remaining infirmities
are covered by his passion and death;
and who also earnestly desire
to have their faith more and more strengthened,
and their lives more holy;
but hypocrites,
and such as turn not to God with sincere hearts,
eat and drink judgment to themselves. (a)
(a)
1 Cor.10:19 What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which
is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?
1 Cor.10:20 But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice,
they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye
should have fellowship with devils.
1 Cor.10:21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of
devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table
of devils.
1 Cor.10:22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than
he?
1 Cor.11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that
bread, and drink of that cup.
1 Cor.11:29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and
drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
Q. 82.
Are they also to be admitted to this supper,
who, by confession and life,
declare themselves unbelieving and ungodly?
A.
No;
for by this, the covenant of God would be profaned,
and his wrath kindled against the whole congregation; (a)
therefore it is the duty of the christian church,
according to the appointment of Christ and his apostles,
to exclude such persons,
by the keys of the kingdom of heaven,
till they show amendment of life.
(a)
1 Cor.11:20 When ye come together therefore into one place, this is
not to eat the Lord's supper.
1 Cor.11:34 And if any man hunger, let him eat at home; that ye come
not together unto condemnation. And the rest will I set in order when
I come.
Isa.1:11 To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me?
saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat
of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of
lambs, or of he goats.
Isa.1:12 When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at
your hand, to tread my courts?
Isa.1:13 Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto
me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot
away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.
Isa.1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they
are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.
Isa.1:15 And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes
from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands
are full of blood.
Isa.66:3 He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that
sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog's neck; he that offereth an
oblation, as if he offered swine's blood; he that burneth incense, as
if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their
soul delighteth in their abominations.
Jer.7:21 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Put your
burnt offerings unto your sacrifices, and eat flesh.
Jer.7:22 For I spake not unto your fathers, nor commanded them in the
day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, concerning burnt
offerings or sacrifices:
Jer.7:23 But this thing commanded I them, saying, Obey my voice, and I
will be your God, and ye shall be my people: and walk ye in all the
ways that I have commanded you, that it may be well unto you.
Ps.50:16 But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to do to
declare my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy
mouth?
(continued in part 9...)
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