named — Internet domain name server
named  [-4] [-6] [-c ] [config-file-d ] [debug-level-f] [-g] [-n ] [#cpus-p ] [port-s] [-t ] [directory-u ] [user-v] [-x ]cache-file
named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
	When invoked without arguments, named will
	read the default configuration file
	/etc/named.conf, read any initial
	data, and listen for queries.
    
		Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
		-4 and -6 are mutually
		exclusive.
          
		Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
		-4 and -6 are mutually
		exclusive.
          
config-file
		Use config-file as the
		configuration file instead of the default,
		/etc/named.conf.  To
		ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
		to work after the server has changed its working
		directory due to to a possible
		directory option in the configuration
		file, config-file should be
		an absolute pathname.
          
debug-level
		Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level.
		Debugging traces from named become
		more verbose as the debug level increases.
          
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
		Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
		to stderr.
          
#cpus
		Create #cpus worker threads
		to take advantage of multiple CPUs.  If not specified,
		named will try to determine the
		number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
		If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
		single worker thread will be created.
          
port
		Listen for queries on port port.  If not
		specified, the default is port 53.
          
		Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
          
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release.
directory
		chroot() to directory after
		processing the command line arguments, but before
		reading the configuration file.
          
		This option should be used in conjunction with the
		-u option, as chrooting a process
		running as root doesn't enhance security on most
		systems; the way chroot() is
		defined allows a process with root privileges to
		escape a chroot jail.
	    
user
		setuid() to user after completing
		privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
		listen on privileged ports.
          
		On Linux, named uses the kernel's
		capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
		except the ability to bind() to a
		privileged port and set process resource limits.
		Unfortunately, this means that the -u
		option only works when named is run
		on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
		later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
		to be retained after setuid().
	    
Report the version number and exit.
cache-file
		Load data from cache-file into the
		cache of the default view.
          
This option must not be used. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release.
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used instead.
Force a reload of the server.
Shut down the server.
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.