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Photo	Pieris	Phulia			(pontia)
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Pontia Fabricius, 1807

Pontia Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 283, TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus
Mancipium Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : pl. [141] (rej. name 214, ICZN Op. 137), TS: Papilio hellica Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Synchloe Hübner, [1818]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : 26, TS: Papilio callidice Hübner

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Mancipium Stephens, 1827; Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 22, TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Parapieris de Nicéville, 1897; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3) : 563, TS: Papilio callidice Hübner

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Leucochloe Röber, 1907; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 49, TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 114]

Pontieuchloia Verity, 1929; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 98 (3): 347, TS: Papilio chloridice Hübner
Pontia, Pieridae Holarcticae [Heiner Ziegler]
Pontia ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29
Pontia (Pierini) ; [NL4A, 114]
Pontia (Pierina) ; [AfrL]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183

Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)

SEU, CEU, NAF, AM, AC, India, Japan. See [About maps] Sinappiperhonen Bath White Grönfläckig kålfjäril Senapsfjäril Resedaweißling Blanquiverdosa Bielinek rukiewnik
Papilio daplidice Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 468
Papilio bellidice Brahm, 1804; Ill. Mag. 4: 362
Papilio belemida Hübner, [1836-1838]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : f. 931-932
Pieris daplidice var. albicide Oberthür, 1881; Étud. d'Ent. 6: 47, TL: Constantine and Oran (Algeria)
?Leucochloe daplidice var. jachontovi Krulikowsky, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 3, TL: Wiatka; Kasan
Pontia daplidice f. nitida Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 132, TL: Spain, Algeria, Asia Minor
Leucochloe daplidice f. hiberna Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48: 42, TL: Tunisia
Pontia daplidice albidice gen. vern. virescentior Rothschild, 1925; Novit. Zool. 32 : 198, TL: Algeria
Pontia daplidice, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pontia daplidice, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Pontia daplidice, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Pontia daplidice, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pontia daplidice, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pontia daplidice, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Pontia daplidice, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Pontia daplidice ; [BRU, 162]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 3, 9]; [MRS, 260]; [BMAT: 100, pl. 4, f. 16-27]; [AfrL]
Pieris daplidice ; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x427 (~42Kb) Tenerife, Los Gigantes, 2/4/97, Photo © Simon Coombes	1000x697 (~77Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 29.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	1300x976 (~165Kb) underside Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 7.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
900x1084 (~131Kb) underside male Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Cruciferae, Cakile maritima, Turritis glabra [SPRK], Reseda luetola, R. villosa, Ptilotrichum spinosum, Moricandia arvensis, (Europe and elswhere) Arabis sp., Thlaspi sp., Farsetia sp., Sisymbrium sp., Sinapis sp., Turritis sp., Erysimum sp. [BMAT]

nitida

600x435 (~43Kb) underside Morocco, Djebel Lekst, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

600x435 (~22Kb) Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

P. d. daplidice

Pontia daplidice daplidice ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 17; [AfrL]

P. d. moorei (Röber, [1907])

India, Yunnan Leucochloe daplidice moorei Röber, [1907]; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1 : 48, TL: Tibet; Kashmir; Baluchistan
Pontia daplidice moorei, Butterflies in Indo-China [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Pontia daplidice moorei ; [MRS, 260]

Larva on Lepidium ruderale Sharma, 2005, J. Lep. Soc. 59 (3): 170-171

P. d. avidia (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Leucochloe daplidice avidia Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 50, TL: Tsintau
Pontia daplidice avidia ; [MRS, 260]

P. d. amphimara (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Szetchuan Leucochloe daplidice amphimara Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 50, TL: Szetchuan
Pontia daplidice amphimara ; [MRS, 260]

P. d. nubicola (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Leucochloe daplidice nubicola Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 50, TL: Kashgar

P. d. laenas (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Palestine Leucochloe daplidice laenas Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 51, TL: Palestine

P. d. praeclara (Fruhstorfer)

Pontia daplidice praeclara ; [MRS, 260]

P. d. aethiops (de Joannis & Verity, 1913)

Ethiopia (highlands) Pontia daplidice aethiops ; [BAFR, 89]; [AfrL]

Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777)

Temperate Europe, Temperate Siberia Papilio edusa Fabricius, 1777; Genera Insectorum : 255, TL: "Chilonii (Kiel)"
Pontia edusa, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pontia edusa, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pontia edusa, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Pontia edusa ; [BRU, 162]
Pieris edusa ; [Otakar Kudrna]

872x716 (~114Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 11.8.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov

Exactly like Pontia daplidice, cannot be identified by external appearance.

P. e. edusa

Pontia edusa edusa ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 18

P. e. davendra Hemming, 1934

edusa orientalis Kardakov, 1928; (praeocc.)

Pontia callidice (Hübner, [1799-1800])

Pyrenees, Alps, Asia Minor, Lebnon, Tibet, Himalaya, Mongolia. See [About maps] Peak White Alpenweißling Blanquiverdosa alpina
Papilio callidice Hübner, [1799-1800]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 81, f. 408-409, TL: Swiss Alps
Pontia callidice, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pontia callidice, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pontia callidice, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pontia callidice, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Pontia callidice, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Pontia callidice ; [BRU, 162]; [MRS, 260]; [BMAT: 106 (Tunisia 1929)]
Synchloe callidice ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 7]
Pieris callidice ; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Erysimum pumilum, Reseda glauca [H&R]

P. c. chrysidice (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844])

Armenian Highland, Talysh, Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghissar Pieris chrysidice Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (6): (ii) f. 200-203

P. c. kalora (Moore, 1865)

NW.Himalayas Pieris kalora Moore, 1865; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 489, pl. 31, f. 15

P. c. amaryllis Hemming, 1933

Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai callidice orientalis Alpheraky, 1881; (praeocc)

P. c. hinducucica Verity, [1811]

Pamirs

P. c. nelsoni Edwards, 1883

Polar Tundra of Siberia, Far East, Kamchatka, Chukot Peninsula

586x546 (~94Kb) underside A montane tundra at about 1000 m above sea level, the mountains of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 23rd July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. c. hazara (Wyatt, 1961)

Afghanistan Synchloe callidice hazara Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 8, TL: Band-i-Hazarajat, N of Koh-i-Baba Mts, 11400ft, Afghanistan

Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1808-1813])

Balkans, AM, Iraq, Mongolia. See [About maps] Arosinappiperhonen Small Bath White Stäppsenapsfjäril
Papilio chloridice Hübner, [1808-1813]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : pl. 141, f. 712-715
Pontia chloridice, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Pontia chloridice, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Pontia chloridice, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
Pontia chloridice, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Pontia chloridice ; [BRU, 163]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 5, f. 6]; [MRS, 260]
Pieris chloridice ; [Otakar Kudrna]

725x985 (~127Kb) upperside underside male Russia: C.Tuva, near Kyzyl tn., Biy-Khem riv., 10-19.05.2002, Vashchenko S. N. leg, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Sisymbrium, Sinapis, Descurainia Korshunov, 1981, [BRU, Bartel, 1914]

Pontia glauconome (Klug, 1829)

NAF, Mauritania - Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Chad, Socotra I., SW.Arabia, Baluchistan, Karachi, Chitral, Punjab. See [About maps] Desert Bath White Desert White
Papilio glauconome Klug, 1829; in Ehrenberg, Symbolae physic., Ins. 1 (fol. h): 12, 7, f. 18-19, TL: Mt. Sinai, Egypt
Pontia glauconome, Extracts from [BRU] by [Ilya Osipov]
glauconome ; [BIR, 435]
Pontia glauconome ; [BRU, 163]; [EBW]; [BAFR, 89]; [BMAT, 11, pl. 4, f. 9-15]; [AfrL]

Larva on Caylusia, Zilla spinosa, Dipterygium [BK], Diploxis harra?, Zilla sp., Erigeron denticulatus, Cleome paradoxa, Schouwia purpurea, Zilla spinosa, Morettia sp. [BMAT]

P. g. glauconome

Pontia glauconome glauconome ; [BK: 142, pl. 9]; [AfrL]

P. g. iranica Bienert, 1870

Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan Pontia glauconome iranica ; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 19

Pontia helice (Linnaeus, 1764)

-. See [About maps] Meadow White
Papilio helice Linnaeus, 1764; Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 243
Papilio hellica Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 760 (unn. emend.)
Papilio raphani Esper, 1783; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (8): 163, pl. 84, f. 3
Papilio raphani ; Esper, 1805, Die Schmett., Th I, Suppl. Th. 2 (12): pl. 123, f. 3-4
Pontia helice ; [EBW]; [AfrL]

1600x1858 (~207Kb) South Africa, Johannesburg, Northcliff Ridge, April 2011, Photo © David Becking

Larva on Heliophila spp., H. linearis, Alyssum sp., Lepidum capense, Sisymbrium sp., Reseda odorata [PBSA], Sinapis, Caylusia [BK]

P. h. helice

South Africa, E.Rhodesia Pontia helice helice ; [BAFR, 89]; [AfrL]

P. h. johnstonii (Crowley, 1887)

Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, E.Zaire (Kivu) Pontia helice johnstonii ; [BAFR, 89]
Pontia helice johnstoni ; [BK: 142, pl. 9]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 21
Pontia helice johnstonii ; [AfrL]

Pontia distorta (Butler, 1886)

N.Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, NE.Tanzania. See [About maps] Small Meadow White
Pontia distorta ; [BAFR, 89]; [BK: 143, pl. 9]; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world, 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 20; [AfrL]

Pontia beckerii (Edwards, 1871)

W.USA. See [About maps] Becker's White Great Basin White Sagebrush White
Pieris beckerii Edwards, 1871; Butts. N. Amer. 1: 30, TL: Virginia City, Nevada
Pieris beckeri[sic] pseudochloridice McDunnough, 1928; Can. ent. 60 (11): 266, TL: Oliver, British Columbia

= ; [NL4A, #273]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

Ascia beckerii tr.f. gunderi Ingham, 1933; Pan-Pac. Ent. 9 (2): 75, TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #273]

Pontia beckerii, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Pontia beckerii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pontia beckerii, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pontieuchloia beckeri ; [BOW: pl. 17, f. 38]
Pontia beckeri ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 5
Pontia beckerii ; [NACL, #4191]; [BOC, 132]; [Opler]
Pieris beckerii ; [EBW]
Pontia beckerii ; [NL4A, #273]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

600x724 (~55Kb) USA: Robinson Canyon Rd, (47°01'01N 120°42'41W), Kittitas Co., WA, 26.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	500x732 (~39Kb) pupa USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 8.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x686 (~67Kb) male USA: near Coulee City (47°34'07N 119°18'02W), Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
700x771 (~63Kb) upperside USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x862 (~73Kb) underside USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Isomeris arborea, Stanleya pinnata, Brassica nigra [NAB], Descurainia pinnata, Sisymbrium altissimum, Lepidium perfoliatum, Brassica nigra, Schoenocrambe linifolia, Thelypodium sagittatum, T. laciniatum [BOC]

Pontia sisymbrii (Boisduval, 1852)

W.USA. See [About maps] Spring White California White Colorado White
Pieris sisymbrii Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 284, TL: N Fork Feather R. Canyon, Plumas Co., California
Pontia sisymbrii, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pontia sisymbrii, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pieris sisymbrii, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
Pieris sisymbrii ; [EBW]
Pontia sisymbri ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 5
Pontia sisymbrii ; [NACL, #4192]; [BOC, 134]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #275]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

Larva on Cruciferae, Caulanthus, Streptanthus, Arabis [NAB], Sisymbrium altissimum, Arabis glabra, A. furcata, Arabis holboelli, Streptanthus [BOC]

P. s. sisymbrii

California, Arizona, ... Pieris sisymbri[sic] var. flava Edwards, 1883; Butts N. Amer. 2: [68], (Pieris) pl. 1, f. 5 (not Edwards, 1881), TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #275a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

f. transversa (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) (Ascia); , TL: USA(Arizona)

= ; [NL4A, #275a]

Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii ; [NL4A, #275a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. flavitincta (Comstock, 1924)

British Columbia Pieris sisymbrii flavitincta Comstock, 1924; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23 (1): 19, pl. 17, f. 9, TL: Cranbrook, British Columbia
Pontia sisymbrii flavitincta ; [NACL, #4192a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. elivata (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)

Colorado Ascia sisymbrii r. elivata Barnes & Benjamin, 1926; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3): 88, TL: Glenwood Springs, Colorado
Pontia sisymbrii elivata ; [NACL, #4192b]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. nordini (Johnson, 1977)

Nebraska Pieris sisymbrii nordini Johnson, 1977; J. Lep. Soc. 31 (13): 167, TL: Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co., Nebraska
Pontia sisymbrii nordini ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. transversa Holland, 1995

New Mexico, Texas, Mexico (Chihuaca, Sonora), Arizona Pontia sisymbrii transversa Holland, 1995; J. Lep. Soc. 49 (2): 125, f. 5
Ascia sisymbrii gen.vern. transversa Barnes & Benjamin, 1926; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3): 88, TL: Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona
Pontia sisymbrii transversa, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Pontia sisymbrii transversa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pontia sisymbrii transversa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. nigravenosa Austin & Emmel, 1998

Nevada Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa Austin & Emmel, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (42): 505, TL: Nevada, Clark Co., Spring Mtns
Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

P. s. beringiensis Guppy & Kondla, 2001

British Columbia Pontia sisymbrii beringiensis Guppy & Kondla, 2001; Butts. B.C.: 145, TL: BC, Atlin, 9km N on Atlin Rd at Ruffner Mine Rd
Pontia sisymbrii beringiensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830])

Canada, USA, Guatemala, Mexico. See [About maps] Checkered White
Pieris protodice Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]; Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (5/6): 45, pl. 17, f. 1-3, TL: ?Georgia, New York; Connecticut
Pieris vernalis Edwards, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (4): 501, TL: New Jersey

= ; [NL4A, #274]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

Pieris nasturtii Edwards, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (4): 501, TL: San Francisco

= ; [NL4A, #274]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

Pontia protodice, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pontia protodice, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Pontia protodice, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Pontia protodice, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pontia protodice, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Pieris protodice, Butterflies of Southeastern Arizon [Bruce Walsh]
protodin ; Edwards, 1872, (missp.)
Pontia protodice vernalis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6
Pieris protodice ; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 130; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 724; [EBW]
Pontieuchloia protodice ; [BOW: pl. 17, f. 39, 40]
Pontia protodice ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 6; [NACL, #4193]; [BOC, 135]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #274]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

1000x1176 (~150Kb) underside male USA: Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake (near ~ 41°02'24"N 112°15'31"W), Davis Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

900x1126 (~105Kb) male USA: Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake (near ~ 41°02'24"N 112°15'31"W), Davis Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Brassicaceae, Cleome [NAB]

Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt, 1866)

Alaska - W.USA. See [About maps] Western White
Pieris occidentalis Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 133, TL: Virginia City, Storey Co., Nevada
Pontia occidentalis, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Pontia occidentalis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pontia occidentalis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 5; [NACL, #4194]; [BOC, 136]; [Opler]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

identification uncertain 1000x797 (~91Kb) USA: FR3330, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°08N 120°58W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

identification uncertain 600x673 (~49Kb) USA: FR3330, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°08N 120°58W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Brassicaceae, Cleome [NAB], Anselnia eurycarpa, Lepidium perfoliatum, L. campestre, L. densiflorum, L. virginicum [BOC]

P. o. occidentalis

Nevada Pieris calyce Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 189, TL: Nevada
Pontia occidentalis calyce ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 5
Pontia occidentalis occidentalis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

P. o. nelsoni (Edwards, 1883)

Alaska Pieris nelsoni Edwards, 1883; Butts N. Amer. 2: pl. 1, f. 6-7
Pontia nelsoni ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 5
Pontia occidentalis nelsoni ; [NACL, #4194a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185

26.11.2011 (11)

References:

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[AfrL]

Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); e-mail: Mark C. Williams

[BAFR]

D'Abrera, 1980; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BK]

Larsen, Torben B., 1996; The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history

[BMAT]

Tennent, John, 1996; The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; ISBN 0 906802 05 9

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOC]

Robert Michael Pyle, 2002; The Butterflies of Cascadia

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[BRU]

Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae; Volume 1

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[David Becking]

South Africa

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[ESP]

Heppner, 1981; The dates of E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge in Abblidungen... 1776-[1830]; Archives of Natural History (1981) 10 (2): 251-254

[GALEPS]

Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm

[H&R]

Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Heiner Ziegler]

Switzerland / Schweiz; www.pieris.ch

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[Ilya Osipov]

The insects from former USSR for collectors Web site; e-mail: Ilya Osipov; http://www.osipov.org/insects/

[Jean Delacre]

http://homepage.mac.com/jdelacre

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[Mario Maier]

Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier

[Michel Tarrier]

Michel R. Tarrier; Malaga, Spain; http://www.tarrier.org

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[PBSA]

Dickson, C.G.C (ed.), Kroon, D.M.; Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa; AD. DONKER 1978

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Yutaka Inayoshi]

A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM

Some related literature:

Austin & Emmel, 1998

New subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from Nevada and California Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (42): 501-522

Barnes & Benjamin, 1926

Notes on diurnal Lepidoptera, with addition and corrections to the recent "List of Diurnal Lepidoptera" Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3): 88-98

Boisduval, 1852

Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 275-324

Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]

Histoire générale et iconographie des lépidoptères et des chenilles de l'Amérique septentrionale Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (1): 1-16. pl. 1-3 (1829), (2): 17-24, pl. 4-6 (1829), (3/4): 25-40, pl. 7-12 ([1830]), (5/6): 41-56, pl. 13-18 ([1830]), (7/8): 57-80, pl. 19-24 ([1830]), (9/10): 81-100, pl. 25-30 (1833), (11-22): 101-196, pl. 31-65 ([1835]), (23-26): 197-228, pl. 66-78 ([1837])

de Nicéville, 1897

On new or little-known Butterflies from the Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3) : 543-577, pl. 1-4

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Edwards, 1864

Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, found within the limits of the United States and British America. (No. 1-3) Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (1): 14-22, pl. 1, 11 (1863), (2): 78-82 (1863), (4): 501-507 (1864)

Edwards, 1871

The Butteflies of North America. Vol. I. Butts. N. Amer. 1: 218pp, 50pls

Edwards, 1883

The Butteflies of North America. Vol. II. Butts N. Amer. 2: 357pp, 51pls

Edwards, 1870

Descriptions of new North American diurnal Lepidoptera Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 189-196

Esper, 1783

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Fortsetzung. Band 2 Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (1): 1-36, pl. 51-56 (1780), (2): 37-68, pl. 57-62 (1781), (3): 69-100, pl. 63-68 (1781), (4): 101-124, pl. 69-74 (1781), (5): 125-140, pl. 75-80 (1782), (7): 141-156, pl. 81-82 (1783), (8): 157-172, pl. 83-88 (1783), (9): 173-184, pl. 89-92 (1784), (28): 185-190, pl. 93 (1786)

Esper, 1805

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Supplement Theil 2 Die Schmett., Th I, Suppl. Th. 2 (11): 1-24, pl. 117-122 (1805), (12): 25-48, pl. 123-126 [1830]

Fabricius, 1777

Genera Insectorum eorumque characters naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem ... Genera Insectorum : 1-310

Fabricius, 1807

Systema Glossatorum. Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 277-295

Fruhstorfer, 1908

Neue paläarktische Pieriden Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 50-51 (20 June)

Godman & Salvin, [1889]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]

Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu J. Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 1843 (-1855), Die Tagfalter Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (9): Title ("1843"), (1): [1-3], 4-16, (ii) pl. 1-5, f. 1-29 (1843), (2): 17-40, (ii) pl. 29-34, f. 131-156 (1843), (3): 41-56, (ii) pl. 6-12, f. 30-60, pl. 35-36, f. 157-164 (1844), (4): 57-80, (ii) pl. 13-22, f. 61-107 (1844), (5): 81-90, (ii) pl. 23-28, f. 108-130, pl. 37-41, f. 165-189 (1844), (6): 91-98, (ii) pl. 42-44, f. 190-203 (1844), (7): 99-114, (ii) pl. 45-52, f. 204-248 (1844), (9): 115-122 (1844), (10): 123-146, (ii) pl. 53-57, f. 249-274 (1845), (11): 147-162 (1845), (12): (iii) pl. 1-3, f. 1-17 (1845), (13): 163-164, (ii) pl. 58-65, f. 275-315 (1846), (14): (ii) pl. 66-70, f. 316-338, (iii) pl. 4-5, f. 18-30 (1846), (26): (ii) pl. 71-77, f. 339-376 (1847), (32): (ii) pl. 78-82, f. 377-400 (1848), (36): (ii) pl. 83-89, f. 401-426, (iii) pl. 6, f. 31-36 (1848), (37): (ii) pl. 90-91, f. 427-437 (1849), (43): (ii) pl. 92-94, f. 438-450, 452-453 (1850), (45): (ii) pl. 95-102, f. 453-489 (1850), (47): (ii) pl. 103, f. 490-495 (1851), (49): (ii) pl. 104-109, f. 496-528 (1851), (51): (ii) pl. 110-118, f. 529-570 (1851), (54): (ii) pl. 119-123, f. 571-596 (1852), (56): (ii) pl. 124-127, f. 597-618, pl. 130-132, f. 628-639, pl. 134, f. 646-651 (1852), (59): (ii) pl. 128-129, f. 619-627, pl. 133, f. 640-645 (1853), (65): (iii) pl. 7, f. 37-42, (index) [1], 2-20 (1854), (66): (index) 21-24 (1855)

Holland, 1995

Distribution of selected Anthocharis, Euchloe and Pontia in new Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua and Sonora J. Lep. Soc. 49 (2): 119-135

Hübner, [1799-1800]; Hübner, [1808-1813]; Hübner, [1836-1838]

Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. I. Papiliones - Falter ("Erste Band") Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : 3-74, : pl. 1-88, f. 1-446 (1799-1800), : pl. 89-96, f. 447-490 (1800-1803), : pl. 97-114, f. 491-588 (1803-1804), : pl. 115-119, f. 589-612 (1805), : pl. 120-124, f. 613-636 (1805-1806), : pl. 125-128, f. 637-652 (1806-1808), : pl. 129-144, f. 653-727 (1808-1813), : pl. 145-147, f. 728-741 (1814-1816), : pl. 148-150, f. 742-756 (1816-1817), : pl. 151, f. 757-762 (1818-1819), : pl. 152-154, f. 757-774 (1819-1822), : pl. 155, f. 775-778 (1822-1823), : pl. 156-161, f. 779-806 (1823), : pl. 162-175, f. 807-874 (1823-1824), : pl. 176, f. 869-874 (1824-1825), : pl. 177-181, f. 875-895 (1825-1826), : pl. 182-187, f. 896-981 (1827-1828), : pl. 188-195, f. 922-968 (1828-1832), : pl. 196, f. 969-974 (1832-1833), : pl. 197-201, f. 975-997 (1834-1836), : pl. 202-203, f. 998-1009 (1836-1838), : pl. 204-207, f. 1010-1029 (1837-1838)

Hübner, [1807]; Hübner, [1818]

Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 1 (1806 - [1819]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : [1-4] (1807), : [5-12] (1807-1809), : [13-36] (1823-1824), : pl. [1-2], [5-8], [12], [15], [29], [47] (1806), : pl. [9], [11], [17], [21], [25-27], [32], [35], [43-44], [56], [60], [79], [102], [104], [116], [141], [148], [150-151], [155], [159], [200] (1807), : pl. [19], [39], [57], [73], [82], [114], [157], [167], [170], [173], [187] (1807), : pl. [3], [31], [37], [46], [54], [58], [62], [76], [84], [92], [95], [105], [112-113], [117], [137-138], [146], [154], [158], [180], [209] (1808), : pl. [16], [28], [65], [89], [142], [160], [162], [166], [182], [188], [193] (1809), : pl. [4], [22], [42], [53], [61], [88], [90], [97], [100], [107], [110], [118], [120], [140], [143], [149], [161], [171], [178], [184], [196], [202] (1809), : pl. [10], [18], [30], [41], [51], [80], [144], [172], [189] (1810), : pl. [36], [70], [87], [91], [101], [124], [129], [177], [183], [207], [210] (1811), : pl. [20], [38], [45], [55], [85], [98], [103], [108], [136], [139], [152-153], [156], [163], [179], [186], [190], [205-206] (1812), : pl. [13-14], [40], [48], [50], [67], [74], [86], [119], [121], [130], [135], [175-176], [197-199], [204], [212] (1813), : pl. [72], [75], [77-78], [83], [93], [109], [111], [115], [128], [131], [165], [174], [194] (1813), : pl. [24], [49], [52], [63-64], [66], [68-69], [71], [81], [123], [145], [181], [192] (1814), : pl. [126], [132-134], [168] (1815), : pl. [23], [96], [122], [125], [169], [195] (1816), : pl. [33], [99], [127], [187], [185], [213] (1817), : pl. [59], [106], [147], [164], [208], [211] (1818), : pl. [34], [94], [191], [201] (1819), : (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1819 - April 1823)

Krulikowsky, 1908

Einige neue Varietäten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des östlichen Russlands Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 2-3, (2): 11-12, (3): 18

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Linnaeus, 1764

Museum S'ae R'ae M'tis Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque Mus. Lud. Ulr.: vi + 720 + [2]

Linnaeus, 1767

Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): -,533-1327

McDunnough, 1928

Notes on Canadian diurnal Lepidoptera Can. ent. 60 (11): 266-275

Moore, 1865

List of diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N. W. Himalayas Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 486-509, pl. 30-31

Moore, 1872

Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2) : 555-583, pl. 32-34

Pelham, 2008

A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada J. Res. Lepid. 40: 1-652

Reakirt, 1866

Coloradian butteflies Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 122-151

Rothschild, 1925

Critical List of the collection of Algerian Lepidoptera of the late Captain N. J. E. Holl. Novit. Zool. 32 : 195-229

Sharma, 2005

Life history of Pontia daplidice moorei (Röber) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Himachal Pradesh, India J. Lep. Soc. 59 (3): 170-171

Stephens, 1827

Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 1-56, pl. 1-9 (1827), (2): 57-150, pl. 10-12 (1828)

Verity, 1908

Rhopalocera Palaearctica Iconographie et Description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Papilionidae et Pieridae Rhopalocera Palaearctica 1: 86+368pp, 2+12+72pls

Winhard, 2000

Pieridae I Butterflies of the world, 10: (1) 40pp, (2) 48pls

Wyatt, 1961

Additions to the Rhopalocera of Afghanistan with descriptions of new species and subspecies J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 1-18, 3pls

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.