prev	next	Scientific names	Finnish names	English names
All	Tomares	Athamanthia	Lycaena	(lycaena)	(lycaena)
	Satyrium	Cupido	Lycaena	(lycaena)
Photo	Tomares	Heliophorus			(lycaena)
Goto:

Lycaena Fabricius, 1807

Lycaena Fabricius, 1807; Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 285, TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus
Lycia Sodoffsky, 1837; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 1837 (6): 81 (unj. repl. for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807), TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441; [NL4A, 137]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

Heodes Dalman, 1816; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 37 : 63, TS: Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 137]

Chysoptera Zincken, 1817; Allgem. Lit. Ztg, Halle 1817 (3): 75, TS: Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus

= Heodes ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441
= ; [NL4A, 137]

Migonitis Sodoffsky, 1837; Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou 1837 (6): 82 (repl. for Lycaena Fabricius, 1807, preocc. Migonitis Rafinesque, 1815, Migonitis Hübner, 1816), TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441; [NL4A, 137]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

Tharsalea Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 125, TS: Polyommatus arota Boisduval

= ; [NL4A, 138]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

Gaeides Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 126, TS: Chrysophanus dione Scudder

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Chalceria Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 125, TS: Chrysophanus rubidus Behr

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Epidemia Scudder, 1876; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 127, TS: Polyommatus epixanthe Boisduval & Leconte

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Rumicia Tutt, 1906; Ent. Rec. 18: 131, TS: Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus

= ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441; [NL4A, 138]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

Loweia Tutt, 1906

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Hyrcanana Bethune-Baker, 1914; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 26 (5): 135, TS: Polyommatus caspius Lederer
Thersamonia Verity, 1919; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 31 : 28, TS: Papilio thersamon Esper

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Palaeoloweia Verity, 1934; (repl. name)

= Loweia ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441
= ; [NL4A, 138]

Helleia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 20, 48, TS: Papilio helle Denis & Schiffermüller

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Sarthusia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 20, TS: Polyommatus sarthus Staudinger
Disparia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21, 58 (preocc. Nagano, 1916), TS: Papilio dispar Haworth

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21, TS: Polyommatus margelanica Staudinger [Polyommatus phoenicurus, Lederer, misid. type]
Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1943; Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 23, 64, TS: Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Palaeochrysophanus Verity, 1934; Ent. Rec. 46 (5), Suppl.: (13) nota [invalid]
Thersamolycaena Verity, 1957; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 69 : 225, TS: Papilio dispar Haworth
Hermelycaena Miller & Brown, 1979; Bull. Allyn Mus. 51 : 22, TS: Chrysophanus hermes

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Hyllolycaena Miller & Brown, 1979; Bull. Allyn Mus. 51 : 15, TS: Paplio hyllus Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 138]

?Chrysophanus Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 56, TS: Papilio hyllus Cramer
Antipodolycaena Smart, 1975; The international bufferfly book: 274, TS: Lycaena boldenarum White
Hellolycaena Koçak, 1983; Priamus 3 (1) : 3, TS: Polyommatus those Guérin-Méneville

= ; [NL4A, 138]

Lycaena, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]

Chrysoptera ; Tutt, 1906, (missp.) Hircanana ; (missp.) Thersamonolycaena ; (spell.?) Lycaena ; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 102 Heodes (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Loweia (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Thersamonolycaena (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 125 (missp.?)] Phoenicurusia (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 130] Hyrcanana (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Hyrcanana (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 135] Helleia (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441

Palaeochrysophanus (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Sarthusia (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Phoenicurusia (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Thersamonia (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441 Thersamonia (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 127] Lycaena (Lycaenidae) ; [BRU2, 123] Lycaena (Lycaeninae) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 441; [BK, 212]; [NL4A, 137]; [AfrL] Lycaena (Lycaenini) ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

The "grouping" here is not based on any scientific principles, it's a guesswork based on how different taxa have been assigned to different genera before they were combined into Lycaena. --msa

Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)

EU, NAF, AM, Temperate Asia, Japan, Abyssinia. See [About maps] Pikkukultasiipi Small Copper Common Copper American Copper Liten guldvinge Gyllenvinge Kleiner Feuerfalter Le Bronzé Manto bicolor Czerwończyk żarek
Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761; Fauna Suecica (Edn 2): 285, TL: C. Sweden
Papilio timeus Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 186, f. E, F
Papilio virgaureae Scopoli, 1763; Ent. Carniolica: 180
Lycaena phlaeas aestivus Zeller, 1847; Isis von Oken 1847 (2): 158
turcicus (Gerhard, 1853) (Polyommatus); Mon. Lyc. : 5
?hyperborea (Ford, 1924) (Heodes); Trans. ent. Soc.: 739
Lycaena phlaeas, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena phlaeas, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Lycaena phlaeas, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena phlaeas, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena phlaeas, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena phlaeas, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Lycaena phlaeas, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena phlaeas, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena phlaeas, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Lycaena phleas ; [BIR, 301]
Lycaena phlaeas ; [BARU, #343]; [NACL, #4251]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 39, 40]; [MRS, 663]; [BRU2: 123, pl. 57, f. 7-39]; [Opler]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phaleas ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

646x554 (~56Kb) SPAIN: Teneriffa, 1-5.4.1996, Photo © Valentina Anderson	512x425 (~32Kb) SPAIN: Teneriffa, 1-5.4.1996, Photo © Valentina Anderson	500x450 (~58Kb) West Down, Devon, UK 12/06/92, Photo © Simon Coombes
450x381 (~26Kb) upperside France, Bretagne (Brittany), Bois De Lorge, 9 July 1997, Photo © Simon Coombes	500x439 (~26Kb) upperside Finland, Tampere, Rusko, 6820:339, 11.8.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	500x581 (~50Kb) underside Finland, Kangasala, Savo, 6815:338, 18.8.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen
512x768 (~54Kb) upperside Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Oetisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 26.07.1998 (sucking on Origanum vulgare), Photo © Karl Hofsäß	512x768 (~47Kb) underside Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Oetisheim, 8° 49' E, 48° 58' N, altitude 300m, 26.07.1998 (sucking on Origanum vulgare), Photo © Karl Hofsäß	identification uncertain 800x708 (~111Kb) upperside Ukraine, Ivano Frankovsk, near Kalush, Stankova, 24.10.2001, Photo © Erich Mangl
435x290 (~23Kb) Netherlands, Middenduin, Overdeen, May 2003, Photo © Peter Groenendijk	444x518 (~27Kb) A floweer clump, Chihaya-akasaka-mura, Minami-kawachi-gun, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. 3th August 2002, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	450x298 (~21Kb)

Larva on Rumex, R. longifolius, R. crispus, R. acetosa [SPRK]

Larva on Rumex acetosella, R. crispus, Oxyria digyna [NAB]

Larva on Rumex nepalensis [BIR]

L. p. phlaeas

EU, W.Siberia, Caucasus, Transcaucasia Hesperia eleus Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 430
Lycaena phlaeas f. caerulopunctata Rühl, 1895; in Heyne, Palaearkt. Grossschmett. 1 : 218, TL: C.Asia
Chrysophanus phlaeas ab. oberthuri Blachier, 1908; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2) : 217, pl. 4, f. 7, TL: (Morocco)
Lycaena phlaeas phlaeas ; [BMAT: 29, pl. 10, f. 1-11]

600x435 (~34Kb) upperside Morocco, Itzer, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

600x435 (~30Kb) underside Morocco, Itzer, Moyen Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

f. caeruleopunctata

448x396 (~28Kb) UK, W. SUFFOLK, Icklingham, King's Forest, GRID TL 7945 7330, 23.5.2004, Photo © Jonathan P. Tyler

Larva on Rumex thyrsoideus, R. papilio, R. vesicarius, R. tingitanus, R. acetosa, R. acetosella, Polygonum sp. [BMAT]

L. p. hypophlaeas (Boisduval, 1852)

Altai, S.Siberia, Amur, N.Ussuri, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey Polyommatus hypophlaeas Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 291, TL: "Nord de la California"
Lycaena americana Harris, 1862; Treatise Ins. injur. Veget. (3rd edn): 273, TL: Massachusetts

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Chrysophanus phlaeas var. americana ab. ♀ fasciata Strecker, 1878; Synon. Cat. Macroplep.: 101, TL: "Florida" [?error]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Chrysophanus americanus ab. fulliolus Hulst, 1886; Ent. Amer. 2 (9) : 182, TL: [New York]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Lycaena bacchus Scudder, 1889; Butts eastern U.S. Canada 2: 998 (Harris MS, nom. nud.)

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Heodes hypophlaeas ab. obliterata Scudder, 1889; Butts eastern U.S. Canada 2: 1001

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Chrysophanus phlaeas adrienne Maynard, 1891; Man. N. Amer. Butt., app.: 153, TL: Eastern Massachusetts

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Heodes hypophlaeas f. caeca Reiff, 1913; Ent. News 24 (7) : 306, pl. 10, f. 3-4, TL: West Roxbury, Mass.

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Chrysophanus hypohplaeas ab. octomaculata Dean, 1918; Lepidoptera 2 (8): 60, TL: [Missouri]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Heodes hypophlaeas hypophlaeas ab. banksi Watson & Comstock, 1920; Bull. Amer. Mus. 42 (10) : 454, TL: Lexington, Massachusetts

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Heodes hypophlaeas ab. fulvus Rummel, 1929; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 23 (5): 268, TL: [New Jersey]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Heodes hypophlaeas ab. neui Rummel, 1929; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 23 (5): 268, TL: [New Jersey]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 189

Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas, Butterflies of America [BOA]
obsoleta ; Barnes & McDunnough, 1917, (missp.)
Lycaena phlaeas americana ; [NACL, #4251a]
Heodes hypophleas[sic] ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas ; [NACL, #4251b]; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas hypophlaeas ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 188

431x324 (~21Kb) female Chelsea, Michigan, USA, May 2004, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Oxyria digyna Ballmer & Pratt, 1989, J. Lep. Soc. 43 (1): 59

L. p. chinensis (Felder, 1862)

S.Ussuri phlaeas chinensis (Felder, 1862); Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 12 (1/2) : 488
matsumuranus (Bryk, 1946) (Heodes); Ark. Zool. 38A (3) : 55, TL: Korea
Lycaena phlaeas chinensis ; [BARU, (note)]; [MRS, 663]; [BRU2, 124]

L. p. pseudophlaeas (Lucas, 1866)

Uganda, Ethiopia Chrysophanus phlaeas pseudophlaeas Lucas, 1866; Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) 5 : 499, TL: Abyssinia
Lycaena phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [BAFR, 525]; [MRS, 663]
Lycanea phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [BK, 213 (note)]
Lycaena phlaeas pseudophlaeas ; [AfrL]

L. p. stygiana Butler, 1880

W.Pamirs Lycaena phlaeas stygiana ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. oxiana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)

Kopet-Dagh, Alai, Ghissar-Darvaz, Tian-Shan Polyommatus phlaeas var. oxiana Grum-Grshimailo, 1890; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4 : 365
turanica (Rühl, 1895) (Polyommatus); in Heyne, Palaearkt. Grossschmett. 1 : 747, TL: Tura
Lycaena phlaeas f. naruena Courvoisier, 1911; Ent. Zs. 24 (49): 262
coccineus (Ford, 1924) (Heodes); Trans. ent. Soc.: 726
Lycaena phlaeas oxiana ; [BRU2, 123]; [Oleg Kosterin]

533x400 (~65Kb) upperside male A bank of the Shirkent River in its lower flow several km upstream of the kishlak Shirkent, the southern principal slope of the Ghissar mountain range, the Pamiro-Alai Mts., Tursun-Zade Province, Tadjikistan. 7th May 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. p. comedarum (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)

E.Pamirs Polyommatus phlaeas var. comedarum Grum-Grshimailo, 1890; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4 : 366
Lycaena phlaeas comedarum ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. abbottii (Holland, 1892)

Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi Chrysophanus abbottii Holland, 1892; Entomologist 25 (Suppl.) : 90
Chrysophanus abbottii Holland, 1896; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18 (1062) : 240, pl. 7, f. 1
Lycaena abotti ; [EBW]
Lycaena phlaeas abbotti ; [BAFR, 525]; [BK: 213, pl. 21, f. 274]
Lycaena phlaeas abbottii ; [AfrL]

L. p. arethusa (Dod, 1907)

Alberta Chrysophanus arethusa Dod, 1907; Can. Ent. 39 (5) : 169
Lycaena phlaeas arethusa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena phlaeas arethusa ; [NACL, #4251c]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas arethusa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

L. p. daimio (Seitz, [1909])

S.Kuriles, Sakhalin Lycaena phlaeus[sic] chinensis ab. kurilensis Matsumura, 1928; Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 200, TL: Kuriles
kuriliphlaeas (Bryk, 1942) (Heodes); Dt. Ent. Zeit. Iris, 56: 19, TL: Kurile Is.
daimio ; Esaki & Nakahara, 1930, Zephyrus 2: 150
Lycaena phlaeas daimio ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]

L. p. polaris Courvoisier, 1911

N.Urals, N.Siberia, Chukotka Lycaena phlaeas f. polaris Courvoisier, 1911; Ent. Zs. 24 (49): 262, TL: Lappland; Norway
Chrysophanus phlaeas f. polaris ; Courvoisier, 1911, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 25 (9) : 109
Lycaena phlaeas polaris ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. ethiopica (Poulton, 1922)

SW.Uganda (Ruwenzori Mts) Heodes phlaeas ethiopica Poulton, 1922; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1921 : lxxxvi
Lycaena phlaeas ethiopica ; [BAFR, 525]; [AfrL]

L. p. flavens (Ford, 1924)

Tibet phlaeas flavens (Ford, 1924) (Heodes); Trans. ent. Soc.: 642 [?]
Lycaena phlaeas flavens ; [MRS, 663]

L. p. coccineus (Ford, 1924)

phlaeas coccineus (Ford, 1924) (Heodes); Trans. ent. Soc.: 726
Lycaena phlaeas coccinea ; [MRS, 663]

L. p. shima Gabriel, 1954

Arabia, Yemen phlaeas shima Gabriel, 1954; Exped. S.W. Arabia 1937-38, 1: 388
Lycaena phlaeas shima ; [BAFR, 525]; [BK, 213 (note)]; [AfrL]

L. p. arctodon Ferris, 1974

Montana Lycaena phlaeas arctodon Ferris, 1974; Bull. Allyn Mus. 18 : 4, f. 17-18, TL: E side Beartooth Pass, Custer NF, Carbon Co., Mont.
Lycaena phlaeas arctodon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena phlaeas arctodon ; [NACL, #4251d]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas arctodon ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

L. p. feildeni (McLachlan, 1878)

Ellesmere Is. Chrysophanus phloeas[sic] feildeni McLachlan, 1878; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 14 : 111, TL: lat 81°41'N; Grinnell Land [SE.Ellesmere Is.]
Heodes hypophleas fieldeni ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41 (missp.)
Lycaena phlaeas feildeni ; [NACL, #4251e]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas feildeni ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

L. p. kamtschatica Gorbunov, 1994?

Kamchatka Peninsula Lycaena phlaeas kamtschatica Gorbunov, 1994?; [BARU, page?], TL: Kamchatka, Ganal'skaya Tundra

L. p. ganalica Gorbunov, 1995

Kamchatka Lycaena phlaeas ganalica ; [BRU2, 123]

L. p. alpestris Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena phlaeas alpestris Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 662, TL: California, Mono Co., N slope of Mt. Dana
Lycaena phlaeas alpestris, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Lycaena) phlaeas alpestris ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

Lycaena cupreus (Edwards, 1870)

-. See [About maps] Lustrous Copper
Chrysophanus cupreus Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 20, TL: "Oregon"
Lycaena cuprea, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena cupreus cupreus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena cupreus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chalceria cupreus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Lycaena cuprea ; [NACL, #4252]
Lycaena cupreus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 1 (text only)]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Lycaena) cupreus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

Larva on Oxyria digyna?, Rumex paucifolius? [NAB]

L. c. cupreus

Oregon, ..., Wyoming Lycaena cupreus artemisia Scott, 1981; Papilio (n.s.) 1: 6, TL: The Potholes, Teton Co., Wyoming

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

Lycaena (Lycaena) cupreus cupreus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

L. c. snowi (Edwards, 1881)

Colorado, British Columbia, Alberta, ... Chrysophanus snowi Edwards, 1881; Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 7: 69, TL: Colorado
Chrysophanus snowi henryae Cadbury, 1937; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 89: 409, pl. 16, f. 9, TL: Caribous Pass, B.C

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

Lycaena (Heodes) snowi tr.f. mcdunnoughi Gunder, 1927; Can. Ent. 59 (12): 284, pl. A, f. 12, TL: Laggan, Alta.
macdunnoughi dos Passos, 1964; Lepid. Soc. Mem. 1: 61 (emend.)
Lycaena cupreus snowi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena cuprea henryae ; [NACL, #4252b]
Chalceria snowi ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Lycaena cuprea snowi ; [NACL, #4252a]
Lycaena cupreus snowi ; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 2]
Lycaena (Lycaena) cupreus snowi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

L. c. lapidicola Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena cuprea lapidicola Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 663, f. 5-8, TL: California, Mono Co., Tioga Pass
Heodes cupreus ab. ♀ maculinita Gunder, 1926; Ent. News 37 (1): 8, pl. 1, f. 11, TL: Mammoth, Mono Co., California
Lycaena cupreus lapidicola, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Lycaena) cupreus lapidicola ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 190

Lycaena helle ([Schiffermüller], 1775)

CEU, NEU, Russia, Siberia, Amurland, Dzhungarsky Alatau. See [About maps] Luhtakultasiipi Violet Copper Anilinvinge Czerwończyk fioletek
Papilio helle [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 181
Papilio amphidamas Esper, 1781; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (3): 82, pl. 63, f. 5
Lycaena helle, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena helle, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena helle, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena helle, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena helle, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Helleia helle ; [MRS, 662]
Lycaena helle ; [BARU, #342]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 37]; [BRU2: 123, pl. 57, f. 1-6]; [Otakar Kudrna]

650x654 (~39Kb) female FINLAND: Ks: Kuusamo Liikasenvaara, 736:61, 9.7.1998, Photo © Markku Savela

500x626 (~29Kb) male FINLAND: Ks: Kuusamo Liikasenvaara, 736:61, 9.7.1998, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonum viviparum, (in Finland) [SPRK] Rumex aquaticus, R. acetosa, Polygonum amphibium, P. bistorta [BARU]

L. h. helle

CEU, NEU, Caucasus Major Lycaena helle helle ; [BRU2, 123]

L. h. phintonis (Fruhstorfer, 1910)

Amurland Chrysophanus amphidamas phintonis Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (26) : 144, TL: Sibirien, Irkutsk
Lycaena helle phintonis ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 123]

600x835 (~115Kb) upperside underside Russia: S.Tuva, Korumnug-Taiga Mts. (1200m), 8-25.6.2002, Vashchenko A. & B. leg. Photo © D. Smirnov

Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978

Afghanistan. See [About maps] Lycaena kiyokoae Sakai, 1978; Atalanta 9 (1): 115

Lycaena evansii (de Nicéville, 1902)

Kashmir, Chitral. See [About maps] Chrysophanus evansii de Nicéville, 1902; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14 (2): 249, pl. FF, f. 11, TL: Drosh, Chitral, Western Himalayas
Lycaena evansi ; [EBW]

Lycaena standfussi (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891)

Tibet - W.China. See [About maps] Polyommatus standfussi Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 450
Lycaena standfussi ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 8]

1300x984 (~256Kb) upperside female China, Qinghai prov, 20 km S Tianjun (3900m), Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

900x749 (~122Kb) underside male China, Qinghai prov, 20 km S Tianjun (3900m), Photo © A. Timchenko leg.

L. s. subbrunnea (South, 1913)

Chrysophanus subbrunnea South, 1913; J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 22 (3): 607
Lycaena standfussi subbrunnea ; Huang, 2001

Lycaena susanus (Swinhoe, 1889)

Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan. See [About maps] Chrysophanus susanus Swinhoe, 1889; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1889 (4) : 397

Lycaena kasyapa (Moore, 1865)

W.Himalayas, Kashmir, NW.India, Chitral - Mussoorie. See [About maps] Green Copper
Chrysophanus kasyapa Moore, 1865; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 506, pl. 31, f. 10
Lycaena kasyapa ; [BIR, 301]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 16]

Lycaena zariaspa (Moore, 1874)

W.Himalayas, Kashmir, NW.India. See [About maps] Chrysophanus zariaspa Moore, 1874; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1) : 271

Lycaena pang (Oberthür, 1886)

Tibet, W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus pang Oberthür, 1886; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 : 12
Lycaena pang ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 9]

Lycaena tseng (Oberthür, 1886)

N.Burma - W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus tseng Oberthür, 1886; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 : 13
Lycaena tseng ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 10]

Lycaena ouang (Oberthür, 1891)

Yunnan. See [About maps] Chrysophanus ouang Oberthür, 1891; Étud. d'Ent. 15 : 17, pl. 2, f. 19, TL: Tsekou, NW. Yunnan
Lycaena ouang ; [EBW, (name)]; Huang, 2001, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 51: 75 (note), pl. 3, f. 24

L. o. nujiangensis Huang, 2001

Lycaena ouang nujiangensis Huang, 2001; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 51: 75, pl. 3, f. 20, pl. 4, f. 25, TL: Gamagou

Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932

S.Tibet. See [About maps] Lycaena irmae Bailey, 1932; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 697
Lycaena irmae ; [EBW, (name)]

Lycaena li (Oberthür, 1886)

W.China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus li Oberthür, 1886; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 : xxii
Lycaena li ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 5, 6]
Helleia li ; [MRS, 662]

Lycaena svenhedini (Nordström, 1935)

China. See [About maps] Chrysophanus svenhedini Nordström, 1935; Ark. Zool. 27A (7): 30

Lycaena pavana (Kollar, [1844])

W.Himalayas, Kashmir - Kumaon, NW.India. See [About maps] White-bordered Copper
Polyommatus pavana Kollar, [1844]; in Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4: 416, pl. 5, f. 5-6
Lycaena pavana ?Horsfield; [BIR, 301 (is not Nacaduba pavana Horsfield)]
Lycaena pavana ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 17]

Lycaena orus (Stoll, [1780])

Cape. See [About maps] Sorrel Copper
Papilio orus Stoll, [1780]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 84, pl. 332, f. E, F
Lycaena orus ; [EBW]; [BAFR, 525]; [AfrL]

Larva on Polygonum undulatum, Rumex ecklonianus? [PBSA]

Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971

Cape, Transkei, Transvaal. See [About maps] Lycaena clarki Dickson, 1971; in Clark & Dickson, Life Histories of the South Africa Lycaenid Butterflies: 7-10
Lycaena orus f. clarki ; [BAFR, 525]
Lycaena clarki ; [EBW]; [AfrL]

Larva on Rumex spp., Rumex ecklonianus [PBSA]

Lycaena bathinia Snellen, 1899

Java. See [About maps] Lycaena bathinia Snellen, 1899; Tijdschr. Ent. 42 : 212, TL: Java

Lycaena panava (Westwood, 1852)

N.India. See [About maps] Thecla panava Westwood, 1852; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 487

?Lycaena pallida Miskin, 1891²

New Guinea. See [About maps]

Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1802)

. See [About maps] Isokultasiipi Large Copper Dukatvinge Großer Feuerfalter Czerwończyk nieparek
Papilio dispar Haworth, 1802; Prodr. Lep. Brit.: 3, nota, TL: England
Lycaena dispar, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena dispar, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena dispar, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena dispar, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Thersamonia dispar ;
Thersamolycaena dispar ; [BARU, #346]
Thersamonolycaena dispar ; [BRU2: 125, pl. 58, f. 7-12]
Lycaena dispar ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 36, 38]; [MRS, 663]; [Otarkar Kudrna]

597x400 (~64Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	594x400 (~45Kb) upperside male Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	470x364 (~80Kb) upperside male Czech Republic, Blansko, 4.7.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý
470x434 (~85Kb) underside Czech Republic, Blansko, 4.VII.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý	470x319 (~89Kb) upperside female Czech Republic, Blansko, 17.7.2004, Photo © Michal Koupý

Larva on Rumex hydrolapathum, R. aquaticus [SPRK], R. confertus, (etc.) [BARU] Rumex acetosa [BRU2, 126]

L. d. dispar

England (extinct) Thersamonolycaena dispar dispar
Thersamonolycaena dispar dispar ; [BRU2, 126]

L. d. rutila (Werneburg, 1864)

Europe, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, N.Tien-Shan, W.Tien-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Ghissar rutilus (Werneburg, 1864) (Papilio); Beir. zur Schmet. (1): 391
Thersamolycaena dispar rutila ; [Oleg Kosterin]
Thersamonolycaena dispar rutila ; [BRU2, 126]

533x400 (~47Kb) upperside female The Black Sea coast at the settlement Yuzhnyaya Ozereevka near Novorossiysk, Novorossiysk District, Krasnodarskii Krai Province, Russia. 2nd June 1990, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. d. festiva (Krulikovsky, 1909)

Ural, W.Siberia Chrysophanus dispar festivus Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (3) : 300
Thersamolycaena dispar festiva ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar festiva ; [BRU2, 126]

457x400 (~41Kb) underside female The Irtysh River left bank floodland within the Omsk City, West Siberia, Russia. 27th August 1996 (on Inula salicina L.), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. d. dahurica (Graeser, 1888)

Transbaikalia, W.Amur Polyommatus dispar var. dahurica Graeser, 1888; Berl. Ent. Zs. 32 (1): 75
Thersamolycaena dispar dahurica ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar dahurica ; [BRU2, 126]

L. d. aurata Leech, 1887

C.Siberia, E.Amur, Ussuri Polyommatus auratus Leech, 1887; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1887 : 414, pl. 35, f. 3, TL: Korea
Polyommatus borodowskyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1899; Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 4: 459
parvus (Kurentzov, 1941)
Lycaena dispar borodowskyi ; [MRS, 663]
Thersamolycaena dispar aurata ; [BARU, (note)]
Thersamonolycaena dispar aurata ; [BRU2, 126]
Lycaena dispar aurata ; [MRS, 663]

533x400 (~36Kb) underside female A road crossing a woody (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) brook valley between the villages Budyumkan and Uryupino 5-7 km of the former, Gazimurskozavodskoi District, E Chita Province, E Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 25th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Lycaena violaceus (Staudinger, 1892)

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, N.China. See [About maps] Polyommatus dispar var. violaceus Staudinger, 1892; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 5 (2) : 315, TL: Kentei [Malakhanskiy mountain range, Kudara-Somon]
Thersamolycaena violaceus ; [BARU, #345]
Thersamonolycaena violacea ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 4-6]

Misidentified/misapplied:

splendens; auct.

533x400 (~42Kb) upperside male A rocky southern slope of a piedmont hill of the mountain Gydyrgun on the northern bank of Lake Zun-Torei, Onon District, SE Chita Province (Dahuria), Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 13th July 1996, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Larva on Rheum rhabarbarum [BRU2, 126]

L. v. violaceus

Altai, Sayan, Transbaikalia Thersamonolycaena violacea violacea ; [BRU2, 126]

Lycaena splendens (Staudinger, 1881)

Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan. See [About maps] Polyommatus splendens Staudinger, 1881; Stettin ent. Ztg 42 (7-9): 280, TL: Lepsa [Lepsy Valley near Cherkasskoe, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Kazakhstan]
Lycaena splendens ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 7]
Thersamonolycaena splendens ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 1-3]

Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775)

SEU, CEU, Asia Minor, Iran, W.Sibera, Altai, E.Kazakhstan, Zabaikalye, Mongolia, N.Sikhote-Alin. See [About maps] Purple-shot Copper Violetter Feuerfalter Manto de Purporo Czerwończyk zamgleniec
Papilio alciphron Rottemburg, 1775; Der Naturforscher 6: 11, TL: Berlin
Papilio virgaurea Hufnagel, 1766; Berlin. Mag. 2: 79 (preocc.)
Papilio lampetie [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 322
Papilio hipponoe Esper, 1781; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (2): 68, pl. 62, f. 2, (5): pl. 78, f. 5-6
Papilio hiere Fabricius, 1787; Mantissa Insectorum 2: 80
Heodes alciphron, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Lycaena alciphron, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena alciphron, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena alciphron, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena alciphron, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes alciphron ; [BARU, #347]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 24]
Thersamonolycaena alciphron ; [BRU2: 126, pl. 58, f. 13-21]
Lycaena alciphron ; [MRS, 664]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x397 (~63Kb) underside Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/7/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	533x400 (~57Kb) upperside male A valley meadow at the Shadrikha Rivulet at the village Mel'nichikha, Novosibirsk District and Province, West Siberia, Russia. 17th May 1993, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	664x585 (~87Kb) upperside male Russia, Moscow area, 11.06.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov
745x604 (~87Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 11.06.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Rumex [R&H], Rumex acetosa, (etc.) [BARU] Rumex confertus, (C.Russia) [BRU2, 127]

L. a. alciphron

CEU, SEU, SW.Siberia, Altais, Sayan ?Chrysophanus alciphron madytus Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 17, TL: Sicily
?Chrysophanus alciphron veronius Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 17, TL: Pyrenees
?Chrysophanus alciphron epidelion Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 17, TL: Alpes Maritimes
?Chrysophanus alciphron deinareton Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 18, TL: Grans Sasso, Monti Sibillini
Thersamonolycaena alciphron alciphron ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. melibaeus (Staudinger, 1878)

Caucasus, Transcaucasia Polyommatus alciphron var. melibaeus Staudinger, 1878; Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 14 : 231
Chrysophanus alciphron fruginus Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 17, TL: Armenia
Thersamonolycaena alciphron melibea ; [BRU2, 126]

Larva on Rumex alpestris [BRU2, 127]

L. a. naryna (Oberthür, 1910)

N.Tian-Shan, Inner Tian-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau Polyommatus gordius naryna Oberthür, 1910; Ètud. Lépid. Comp. 4 : 115, pl. 49, f. 407, TL: Fort Naryne, Turkestan
Thersamonolycaena alciphron naryna ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. heracleana (Blachier, 1908)

Morocco (Toubkal Massif, Dj.Siroua) Chrysophanus alciphron var. heracleana Blachier, 1908; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2) : 217, TL: Atlas Mounains (Morocco)
Heodes alciphron heracleana ; [BMAT: 29, pl. 10, f. 12-15]
Heodes alciphron heracleanus ;

600x435 (~55Kb) upperside Morocco, Djebel Siroua, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

Larva on Rumex scutatus, R. acetosa [BMAT]

L. a. acutipennis Chou & Zhang, 1994

Xinjiang Lycaena alciphron acutipennis Chou & Zhang, 1994; in Chou, Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium 1-2: 771, 664, f. 73, TL: Xinjiang

L. a. rubida Korshunov, 1977²

Transbaikalia alciphron rubida Korshunov, 1977²; (?preocc. Berh, 1866)
Heodes alciphron rubidus; [BARU]
Heodes alciphron rubidus, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Thersamonolycaena alciphron rubida ; [BRU2, 126]

L. a. chairemon (Fruhstorfer, 1917)

Carpathians Chrysophanus alciphron chairemon Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 16, TL: Herzegovina; Bulgaria, Orsowa
Thersamonolycaena alciphron chairemon ; [BRU2, 127]

Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961

W.Pmairs (Shugnansky, Ishkashimsky Mts.), Afghanistan. See [About maps] Lycaena aeolus Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 17, TL: Bala-Quran, Anjuman Valley, Hindu Kush Mts., 14300ft, Afghanistan
Thersamonia aeolus ;
Thersamonolycaena aeolus ; [BRU2: 127, pl. 57, f. 40-42]
Lycaena aeolus ;

Lycaena aeolides (Churkin, 1999)

Ghissar. See [About maps] Thersamonolycaena aeolides Churkin, 1999; Atalanta 29 (1/4): 125, pl. IVb, f. 1, TL: Ghissar, Fanskie Mts.
Thersamonolycaena aeolides ; [BRU2: 127, pl. 57, f. 43-45]

Lycaena thersamon (Esper, 1784)

it, SEEU, Asia Minor, W.Asia, Iraq, Iran, N.Altai, ?Mongolia, NW.China. See [About maps] Lesser Fiery Copper
Papilio thersamon Esper, 1784; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (9): 176, pl. 89, f. 6, TL: Sarepta, Südrussland
omphale Klug, 1834; in Ehrenberg, Symbolae phys., Ins. 4: pl. 40, f. 12-14
?hylla (Koçak, 1983); (preocc.)
Lycaena thersamon, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Thersamonia thersamon, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena thersamon, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Thersamonia thersamon ; [BARU, #344]; [EBW]; [BMAT: 106 (Oberthür 1915)]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3]; [BRU2: 127, pl. 59, f. 1-12]
Lycaena thersamon ; [MRS, 663]; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x398 (~97Kb) upperside Hisaronu limani, SW Turkey 18/04/95, Photo © Simon Coombes

500x444 (~68Kb) underside Hisaronu limani, SW Turkey 18/04/95, Photo © Simon Coombes

Larva on Rumex, Polygonum aviculare, Bistorta major, Atraphaxis laetevirens, Limonium gmelinii [BRU2, 128], Sarothamnus [H&R], Caragana frutex, Lycium ruthernicum [BARU]

L. t. persica (Bienert, [1870])

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar Polyommatus persica Bienert, [1870]; Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 28, TL: Persia
Thersamonia thersamon persica ; [BRU2, 127]

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena phoebus (Blachier, 1905)

Morocco. See [About maps] Moroccan Copper
Chrysophanus phoebus Blachier, 1905; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1905 : 212, TL: Atlas Mountains (Morocco)
Chrysophanus phoebus ab. aurata Lucas, 1937; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 42: 233, TL: Marrakech (Morocco)
Lycaena phoebus, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Thersamonia phoebus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3 (text only)]; [BMAT, 29, pl. 10, f. 16-21]

600x435 (~36Kb) upperside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier	600x435 (~33Kb) underside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre	600x435 (~38Kb) Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre
600x435 (~44Kb) underside Morocco, Tizi-n-Tarakatine, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre

Larva on Polygonum equisetiforme, P. aviculare? [BMAT]

Lycaena kurdistanica (Riley, 1921)

Armenia (highland), NE.Turkey, W.Iran. See [About maps] Heodes thersamon kurdistanica Riley, 1921; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8 (47) : 598, TL: Harir, Karind Gorge; Kermanshah
Thersamonia kurdistanica ; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 13-15]

Lycaena ochimus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])

Transcaucasia, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon. See [About maps] Polyommatus ochimus Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (49): (ii) f. 523-526, TL: Kleinasien
Polyommatus ochimus Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6 (55): 31
phaeton (Freyer, [1850]) (Polyommatus); Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 6: pl. 571, f. 2 (preocc.)
kefersteini (Gerhard, [1850]) (Polyommatus); Versuch Mon. europ. Schmett.: pl. 9, f. 4a-c (nom. nud.)
Heodes ochimus ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 34]
Thersamonia ochimus ; [EBW]; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 19-21]

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

L. o. ochimus

Armenia (highland) Thersamonia ochimus ochimus
Thersamonia ochimus ochimus ; [BRU2, 128]

L. o. ocliferius (Nekrutenko, 1977)

Caucasus Minor Heodes (Thersamonia) ochimus ocliferius Nekrutenko, 1977; Rep. Acad. Sci. SSR Ukraine (B) 2: 457
Thersamonia ochimus ocliferius ; [BRU2, 128]

L. o. sachandensis (Schurian & Hoffmann, 1982)

Talysh Mts. Thersamonia ochimus sachandensis Schurian & Hoffmann, 1982
Thersamonia ochimun sachandensis ; [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena asabinus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1851])

Lebanon - Turkey - Transcaucasia, Iran, Armenia. See [About maps] Polyommatus asabinus Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (49): (ii) pl. 109, f. 527-528, TL: Amasya, Turkey
?Polyommatus asabinus Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6 (55): 32
Thersamonia asabinus ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 3 (text only)]; [BRU2: 128, pl. 59, f. 22-24]
Lycaena asabinus ;

Larva on Acantholimon spp. [BRU2, 128]

Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834

Greece, Asia Minor - Armenia (highlands), Iraq, Iran, Baluchistan, Chitral, Ladak. See [About maps] Fiery Copper Golden Copper
Lycaena thetis Klug, 1834; in Ehrenberg, Symbolae phys., Ins. 4: pl. 40, f. 17-18, TL: Syria
Polyommatus ignitus Herrich-Schäffer, [1846]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (14): (ii) f. 332
Chrysophanus caudatus Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 73
Thersamonia thetis ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 4]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 25-27]
Lycaena thetis ; [BIR, 302]; [Otakar Kudrna]

Larva on Acantholimon spp., (Armenia) [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena lampon Lederer, [1870]²

Kopet-Dagh, SE.Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan. See [About maps] lampon Lederer, [1870]²; Horae Soc. ent. ross. 8 (1): 8, pl. 2, TL: Gebirge Lendakuh; Hadschyabad
lamponides (Staudinger, 1901) (Chrysophanus); in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 73
eberti Forster, 1972; Ent. Z., Frankf. a.M. 82: 225:Afghanistan, Band-i-amir
Heodes lampon ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 35 (text)]
Thersamonia lampon ; [BOW: pl. 11, f. 4 (text)]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 28-30]

Larva on Acantholimon erinaceum, A. pulchellum [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena alaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)

Pamirs-Alai, S.Ghissar, NE.Afghanistan?. See [About maps] Polyommatus thersamon var. alaica Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 305, TL: Alai [Malyi Karamyk River, sothern slope o fthe Alai Mts. near Daraut-Kurgan, Kirghizia]
Lycaena thersamon alaica ; [MRS, 663]
Thersamonia alaica ; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 16-18]
Lycaena alaica ;

Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874

Pamirs-Alai, Ghissar-Darvaz, Tian-Shan, Kashmir, Samarkand. See [About maps] Lycaena solskyi Erschoff, 1874; in Fedschenko, Travels in Turkestan. 2 (5) : 8, pl. 1, f. 7, TL: Maracanda [Uzbekistan]
Heodes solskyi ; [BOW: pl. 205, f. 34, pl. 206, f. 1]
Lycaena solskyi ; [MRS, 664]
Thersamonia solskyi ; [EBW, (name)]; [BRU2: 129, pl. 59, f. 31-36]

Larva on Acantholimon laxum, (Talassky Alatau Mts.) [BRU2, 129]

L. s. solskyi

Ghissarsky, Turkestansky, Zeravshansky Mts. Thersamonia solskyi solskyi
Thersamonia solskyi solskyi ; [BRU2, 129]

L. s. fulminans (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)

Zaalaisky Mts, Tian-Shan, Alai, Darvaz Polyommatus solskyi var. fulminans Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 305, TL: Translai
Lycaena solskyi fulminans ; [MRS, 664]
Thersamonia solskyi fulminans ; [BRU2, 129]

Lycaena alpherakii (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888)

E.Pamirs, NW.China. See [About maps] Polyommatus alpherakii Grum-Grshimailo, 1888; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 305, TL: Hindukush orient.
Thersamonia solskyi alpherakyi ;
Thersamonia alpherakyi ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 59, f. 37-39]
Lycaena alpherakyi ;

Larva on Acantholimon pamiricum [BRU2, 130]

Lycaena aditya (Moore, [1875])

W.Pamirs, Afghanistan, Pakistan, N.India. See [About maps] Chrysophanus aditya Moore, [1875]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4) : 571, pl. 66, f. 1, TL: Dros valey, Ladak [N.Pakistan]
Thersamonia aditya ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 59, f. 40-42]
Lycaena aditya ;

Lycaena hyrcana (Neuburger, 1903)

N.Iran - C.Asia. See [About maps] Chrysophanus ochimus var. hyrcana Neuburger, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (8) : 59, TL: Hyrcania

Lycaena margelanica (Staudinger, 1881)

S.Tajikistan - N.Tien-Shan. See [About maps] Polyommatus margelanica Staudinger, 1881; Stettin ent. Ztg 42 (7-9): 282, TL: Margelan [northern slope of Alaisky Mts., Kirghizia]
phoenicurus margelanica ;
Phoenicurusia margelanica ; [BRU2: 130, pl. 60, f. 16-24]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Polyommatus phoenicurus; Verity, 1943, Le Farfalle diurn. d'Italia 2: 21

Larva on Atraphaxis frutescens, A. pyrifolia [BRU2, 131]

L. m. margelanica

Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai, W.Tien-Shan, W.Pamir Phoenicurusia margelanica margelanica
Phoenicurusia margelanica margelanica ; [BRU2, 130]

L. m. legezini (Zhdanko, 1999)

S.Ghissar, Babatag, Karatau, Teriklitau, Rangontau Phoenicurusia margelanica legezini Zhdanko, 1999
Phoenicurusia margelanica legezini ; [BRU2, 130]

L. m. nigra (Zhdanko, 1999)

Zailiisky Alatau, Lake Issyk-Kul (mountains around) Phoenicurusia margelanica nigra Zhdanko, 1999
Phoenicurusia margelanica nigra ; [BRU2, 131]

Lycaena caspius (Lederer, 1869)

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar?, N.Iran, Afghanistan?. See [About maps] Polyommatus caspius Lederer, 1869; Horae Soc. ent. ross. 6 (2) : 76, pl. 4, f. 3, TL: Astrabad [Gorgan, N.Iran]
?Polyommatus transiens Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 201

= ; [BRU2, 135 (?)]

?Lycaena afghana Howarth & Povolny, 1976; Èas. morav. Mus. Brn. 61: 150

= ; [BRU2, 135 (?)]

Lycaena caspius ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4]
Hyrcanana caspius ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 30-32]

L. c. caspius

Kopet-Dagh Hyrcanana caspius caspius
Hyrcanana caspius caspius ; [BRU2, 135]

Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933

Kopet-Dagh, Ghissar-Darvaz. See [About maps] Lycaena ophion Hemming, 1933; Entomologist 66: 278 (repl. caudatus Staudinger, 1901), TL: [Karateginsky Mts., Tajikistan]
Chrysophanus sarthus var. caudatus Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 3: 73 (preocc.), TL: Buch.[ara] s.[eptentrionalis] or.[ientalis] (Karategin)
Hyrcanana ophion ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 33-35, 42-44]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 135]

L. o. ophion

Ghissar-Darvaz Hyrcanana ophion ophion
Hyrcanana ophion ophion ; [BRU2, 135]

L. o. meridianalis (Shchetkin, 1963)

Tadzhikistan ophion meridianalis (Shchetkin, 1963) (Chrysophanus); Tr. Inst. Zool. Parasit. AN Tadsch. SSR 24: 52, TL: Khozratishoh Mts.
Hyrcanana ophion meridianalis ; [BRU2, 135]

Lycaena sartha (Staudinger, 1886)

Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, NE.Afghanistan. See [About maps] Polyommatus sarthus Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 202, TL: Südlichen Alai-Gebirgen wohl bei Kara-Kasuk
Lycaena sarthus ; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4 (text)]
Hyrcanana sartha ; [BRU2: 135, pl. 61, f. 39-41]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena pamira (Nekrutenko, 1983)

W.Pamirs. See [About maps] Hyrcanana pamira Nekrutenko, 1983; Vestnik zool. 1983 (3): 12, f. 4, TL: [Nyut, Ishakshimsky Mts., SW.Pamirs, Tajikistan]
Hyrcanana pamira ; [BRU2: 136, pl. 61, f. 45-47]

Larva on Polygonum paronychoides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena sultan (Lang, 1884)

W.Ghissar (Zeravshansky, Ghissarsky, Baisuntau, Fanskie). See [About maps] Polyommatus sultan Lang, 1884; Rhopalocera Europa Descripta et Delineata: 368
Polyommatus sultan Staudinger, 1886; Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 202 (preocc.)
?Chrysophanus sultani Staudinger, 1901; in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb., 1: 75
Lycaena sultan ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 206, f. 4 (text)]
Hyrcanana sultan ; [BRU2: 136, pl. 61, f. 36-38]

Larva on Polygonum paronychioides [BRU2, 136]

Lycaena arota (Boisduval, 1852)

California. See [About maps] Tailed Copper
Polyommatus arota Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 293, TL: "Montagnes de la Juba"
Lycaena arota arota, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena arota arota, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena arota, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Tharsalea arota ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40; [NACL, #4250]
Lycaena arota ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 40]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1063]
Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

Larva on Ribes [NAB]

L. a. arota

California Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota arota ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

L. a. virginiensis (Edwards, 1870)

California, Nevada, Colorado Chyrosphanus virginiensis Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 21, TL: Virginia City, Nevada
Lycaena arota virginiensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tharsalea virginiensis ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40
Tharsalea arota virginiensis ; [NACL, #4250a]
Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota virginiensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

L. a. nubila (Comstock, 1926)

California Tharsalea arota nubila Comstock, 1926; Bull. Soc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (1): 34, TL: Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California
Tharsalea arota nubila ; [NACL, #4250b]
Lycaena arota nubila ; [NL4A, #1063a]
Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota nubila ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

L. a. schellbachi Tilden, 1955

Schellbach's Copper
Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota schellbachi Tilden, 1955; Bull. Southern Calif. Acad. Sci. 54 (2): 72, TL: North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Lycaena arota schellbachi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Tharsalea arota schellbachi ; [NACL, #4250c]
Lycaena (Tharsalea) arota schellbachi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

Lycaena dione (Scudder, 1868)

Iowa, ..., Manitoba. See [About maps] Chrysophanus dione Scudder, 1868; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11 : 401, TL: Iowa
Chrysophanus dione Scudder, 1869; Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2): 330
Lycaena (Dione) dione tr.f. gibboni Gunder, 1927; Can. Ent. 59 (12): 284, pl. A, f. 13, TL: Miniota, Manitoba
Lycaena dione, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena dione, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena dione, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Lycaena dione ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192
Gaeides dione ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40
Gaeides xanthoides dione ; [NACL, #4253a]
Lycaena dione ; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 5 (text only)]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Chalceria) dione ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

Lycaena editha (Mead, 1878)

-. See [About maps] Edith's Copper
Chrysophanus editha Mead, 1878; Can. Ent. 10 (10) : 198, TL: the borders of Lake Tahoe, near Carnelian Bay
Lycaena editha, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena editha editha, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena editha, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides editha ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40; [NACL, #4254]
Lycaena editha ; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 5 (text only)]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Chalceria) editha ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Larva on Horkelia fusca, Horkelia tenuiloba, Rumex, Potentilla [NAB]

L. e. editha

California, ... Lycaena editha vanduzeei Gunder, 1927; Ent. News. 38: 133, pl. 2, f. 1, TL: Deer Park, Placer Co., California

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Lycaena (Chalceria) editha editha ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

L. e. vurali Koçak, 1984

Montana, Wyoming, ... Lycaena editha vurali Koçak, 1984; Priamus 3 (3): 95 (repl. Lycaena editha montana Field, 1936), TL: Broadwater Co., Montana
Lycaena editha montana Field, 1936; Ent. News 47 (5): 122 (preocc. Lycaena semiargus montana Meyer-Dur, 1851), TL: Broadwater Co., Montana

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Lycaena editha montana f. meadi Field, 1936; J. Ent. Zool. 28 (2): 25, TL: Teton Mts., Wyoming

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Lycaena editha vurali, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Gaeides editha montana ; [NACL, #4254a]
Lycaena (Chalceria) editha vurali ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

L. e. obscuramaculata Austin, 1989

Nevada Lycaena editha obscuramaculata Austin, 1989; J. Res. Lepid. 27 (3/4): 266 (repl. Lycaena editha nevadensis Austin, 1984), TL: Nevada, Elko Co., Jarbidge Mtns
Lycaena editha nevadenisis Austin, 1984; J. Res. Lepid. 23 (1): 83, 85 (preocc. Lycaena nevadensis Oberthür, 1896), TL: Nevada, Elko Co., Jarbidge Mtns
Lycaena (Chalceria) editha obscuramaculata ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

L. e. pseudonexa Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena editha pseudonexa Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 675, f. 45-58
Lycaena (Chalceria) editha pseudonexa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852)

California. See [About maps] Great Gray Copper
Polyommatus xanthoides Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 292, TL: California
Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena xanthoides, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides xanthoides ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40; [NACL, #4253]
Lycaena xanthoides ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 5]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1064]
Lycaena (Chalceria) xanthoides ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Larva on Rumex hymenosepalus, R. conglomeratus, R. crispus, R. obstusifolia [NAB]

L. x. xanthoides

California Heodes xanthoides luctuosa Watson & Comstock, 1920; Bull. Amer. Mus. 42 (10) : 453, TL: Thachapi, California [Kern Co.]

= ; [NL4A, #1064a]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Lycaena xanthoides tr.f. gunderi Rudkin, 1933; Ent. News 44 (4): 97, TL: Bouquet Canyon, Los Angeles Co., California

= Lycaena helloides ; [NL4A, #1067]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Lycaena xanthoides xanthoides ; [NL4A, #1064a]
Lycaena (Chalceria) xanthoides xanthoides ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

L. x. obsolescens Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena xanthoides obsolescens Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 672, f. 37-40, TL: California, Inyo Co.
Lycaena (Chalceria) xanthoides obsolescens ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. x. nigromaculata Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena xanthoides nigromaculata Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 674, f. 41-44, TL: California, Colusa Co.
Lycaena xanthoides nigromaculata, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) xanthoides nigromaculata ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 192

Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852)

Nevada, .... See [About maps] Gorgon Copper
Polyommatus gorgon Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 292, TL: California
Lycaena gorgon gorgon, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena gorgon gorgon, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena gorgon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Gaeides gorgon ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40; [NACL, #4255]
Lycaena gorgon ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 41]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1065]
Lycaena (Chalceria) gorgon ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Larva on Eriogonum elongatum, E. nudum [NAB]

L. g. gorgon

California Lycaena (Chalceria) gorgon gorgon ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. g. jacquelinaeae Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena gorgon jacquelinaeae Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 666, f. 17-20, TL: California, Modoc Co.
Lycaena (Chalceria) gorgon jacquelinaeae ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. g. dorothea Emmel & Pratt, 1998

Oregon Lycaena gorgon dorothea Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 668, f. 21-24, TL: Oregon, Josephine Co.
Lycaena (Chalceria) gorgon dorothea ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. g. micropunctata Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena gorgon micropunctata Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 668, f. 25-28, TL: California, Mono Co.
Lycaena gorgon micropunctata, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) gorgon micropunctata ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Lycaena rubidus (Behr, 1866)

-. See [About maps] Ruddy Copper
Chrysophanus rubidus Behr, 1866; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 : 208, TL: Oregon
Lycaena rubidus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chalceria rubidus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Chalceria rubida ; [NACL, #4257]
Lycaena rubidus ; [EBW]; [BOW: p. 20, f. 1]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Larva on Rumex hymenosepalus, R. triangularis [NAB]

L. r. rubidus

Oregon, ... Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus rubidus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. r. sirius (Edwards, 1871)

Colorado Chrysophanus sirius Edwards, 1871; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 270, TL: Colorado
Lycaena rubidus sirius, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubidus sirius ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Chalceria rubida sirius ; [NACL, #4257d]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus sirius ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. r. duofacies Johnson & Balogh, 1977

Idaho, ... Lycaena (Tharsalea) rubidus duofacies Johnson & Balogh, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 21, f. 19-20, TL: Bogus Basin, nr. Boise, Boise Co., Idaho
Chalceria rubida duofacies ; [NACL, #4257a]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus duofacies ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. r. perkinsorum Johnson & Balogh, 1977

Oregon Lycaena (Tharsalea) rubidus perkinsorum Johnson & Balogh, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 25, f. 21-22, TL: Wasco Co., Oregon
Chalceria rubida perkinsorum ; [NACL, #4257b]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus perkinsorum ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. r. longi Johnson & Balogh, 1977

Nebraska, ... Lycaena (Tharsalea) rubidus longi Johnson & Balogh, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 28, f. 23-24, TL: Cañon Region N of Harrison, Sioux Co., Nebraska
Lycaena rubidus longi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubida longi ; [NACL, #4257c]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus longi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. r. monachensis Johnson & Balogh, 1977

California Lycaena (Tharsalea) rubidus monachensis Johnson & Balogh, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 38, f. 29-30, TL: Monache Meadows, Tulare Co., California
Lycaena rubidus monachensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Chalceria rubida monachensis ; [NACL, #4257e]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus monachensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

L. r. ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977

Arizona Ferris' Copper
Lycaena (Tharsalea) ferrisi Johnson & Balogh, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 40, f. 31-32, TL: Apache Ditch Camp, Apache Co., Arizona
Lycaena rubidus ferrisi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena ferrisi, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chalceria ferrisi ; [NACL, #4258]
Lycaena ferrisi ; [Opler]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus ferrisi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. r. incana Austin, 1998

Nevada Lycaena rubida incana Austin, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (44): 539, f. 1-4, TL: Nevada, Esmeralda Co.; White Mntns, Trail Canyon
Lycaena rubidus incana, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) rubidus incana ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 193

Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1852

Colorado - California. See [About maps] Blue Copper
Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 298
Lycaena heteronea, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena heteronea heteronea, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena heteronea, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Cupido heteronea ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 42
Chalceria heteronea ; [NACL, #4259]
Lycaena heteronea ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 43]; [EBW]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1066]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

Larva on Eriogonum fasciculatum, E. latifolium, E. umbellatum, E. nudum, E. microthecum [NAB]

L. h. heteronea

California Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea heteronea ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. clara H. Edwards, 1877

California Lycaena clara H. Edwards, 1877; Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc.: [1], TL: Tehachapi Pass, California
Lycaena heteronea clara, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Cupido clara ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 42
Chalceria heteronea clara ; [NACL, #4259a]
Lycaena heteronea clara ; [NL4A, #1066a]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea clara ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. gravenotata Klots, 1930

Colorado Lycaena heteronea gravenotata Klots, 1930; Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 25 (3): 163, f. 1-4, TL: Plainview, Jefferson Co., Colorado
Heodes heteronia[sic] ab. ♂ coloradensis Gunder, 1925; Ent. News 36 (7): 194, pl. 5, f. 1, TL: Plain View, Colorado

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Lycaena heteronea gravenotata, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea gravenotata ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

L. h. klotsi Field, 1936

Montana Lycaena heteronea klotsi Field, 1936; Ent. News 47 (5): 123, TL: Broadwater Co., Montana
Lycaena heteronea klotsi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea klotsi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. submaculata Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena heteronea submaculata Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 670, f. 29-32, TL: California, Plumas Co., Warner Valley
Lycaena heteronea submaculata, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea submaculata ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. northi Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena heteronea northi Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 671, f. 33-36, TL: California, Humboldt Co., North Trinity Mtn
Lycaena heteronea northi, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea northi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. rava Austin, 1998

Nevada Lycaena heteronea rava Austin, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (44): 540, f. 5-8, TL: Nevada, Elko Co., Ruby Mntns
Lycaena heteronea rava, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea rava ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

L. h. rutila Austin, 1998

Nevada Lycaena heteronea rutila Austin, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (44): 541, f. 9-12 (?preocc. Werneburg, 1864), TL: Nevada, Lincoln Co., Wilson Creek Range
Lycaena (Chalceria) heteronea rutila ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 194

Lycaena hyllus (Cramer, [1775])

ENA, Colorado. See [About maps] Bronze Copper
Papilio hyllus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 43, f. B, C, TL: "Smirna" [Smyrna, Turkey]
Polyommatus thoe Guérin-Méneville, [1832]; Icon. Règne anim. Cuvier 3 (Insectes) : 490, : pl. 81, f. 4, 4a-b

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Lycaena (Heodes) thoe tr.f. wyatti Gunder, 1927; Can. Ent. 59 (12): 284, TL: Colorado?

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Lycaena thoe tr.f. wormsbacheri Gunder, 1927; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 26 (2): 53, TL: [Ohio?]

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Lycaena hyllus, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena hyllus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena hyllus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Chrysophanus thoe ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Lycaena thoe ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 20, f. 3, 4]
Hyllolycaena hyllus ; [NACL, #4256]
Lycaena hyllus ; [Opler]
Lycaena (Epidemia) hyllus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

432x338 (~32Kb) USA: Huron River valley region, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1999, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Rumex crispus, R. obtusifolius, R. longifolius, R. patientia, Polygonum coccineum, P. natans MacLean, 1990, J. Lep. Soc. 44 (1): 33

Lycaena epixanthe (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835])

Newfoundland - Kansas. See [About maps] Bog Copper
Polyommatus epixanthe Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]; Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (11-22): 127, pl. 38, f. 4-5
Lycaena epixanthe epixanthe, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena epixanthe, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia epixanthe ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41; [NACL, #4260]
Lycaena epixanthe ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 39]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Epidemia) epixanthe ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Larva on Vaccinium macrocarpum [NAB]

L. e. epixanthe

Lycaena (Epidemia) epixanthe epixanthe ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

L. e. phaedrus (Hall, 1924)

Nova Scotia, Newfoundland Heodes epixanthe phaedrus Hall, 1924; J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 32: 111, TL: Dublin Schore, Lunenburg Co., N.S.
Chrysophanus amicetus Holland, 1931; The Butterfly Book (1931 edn): 250, pl. 28, f. 28, pl. 64, f. 41-42, TL: Newfoundland

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

Epidemia epixanthe phaedra ; [NACL, #4260a]
Lycaena (Epidemia) epixanthe phaedrus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 195

L. e. michiganensis Rawson, 1948

Michigan, ... Lycaena epixanthe michiganensis Rawson, 1948; J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 56: 59, TL: Proud Lake, Oakland Co., Michigan
Lycaena epixanthe michiganensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia epixanthe michiganensis ; [NACL, #4260b]
Lycaena (Epidemia) epixanthe michiganensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837

-. See [About maps] Dorcas Copper Cinquefoil Copper
Lycaena dorcas Kirby, 1837; in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 299, pl. 4, f. 1
Lycaena dorcas, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Epidemia dorcas ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41; [NACL, #4261]
Lycaena dorcas ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 42 (text only)]; [Opler]

324x432 (~30Kb) underside male Chelsea, Michigan, 3 July 2004, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Potentilla, P. fruticosa [NAB]

L. d. dorcas

Manitoba, Ontario, ... Polyommatus anthelle Doubleday, 1847; List Spec. lep. Ins. B. M. 2: 55, TL: Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay
Lycaena dorcas dorcas ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas dorcas ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. castro (Reakirt, 1866)

Colorado, ... Polyommatus castro Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 148, TL: Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory
Lycaena (Dione) helloides tr.f. williamsi Gunder, 1927; Can. Ent. 59 (12): 285, pl. A, TL: f. 14, 14b, 14d;Hall's Valley, Park Co., Colorado [Hall Valley]

= Lycaena helloides ; [NL4A, #1067]
= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

Epidemia dorcas castro ; [NACL, #4261a]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas castro ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

L. d. florus (Edwards, 1883)

Alberta, ..., Montana Chrysophanus florus Edwards, 1883; Can. Ent. 15 (11) : 210, TL: Red Deer River, B. Am
Lycaena dorcas florus f. hulbirti Field, 1936; J. Ent. Zool. 28 (2): 25, TL: Broadwater Co., Montana

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

Lycaena dorcas florus f. sternitzkyi Field, 1936; J. Ent. Zool. 28 (2): 26, TL: Broadwater Co., Montana

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

Lycaena dorcas florus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas florus ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41; [NACL, #4261b]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas florus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. claytoni Brower, 1940

Maine, ... Lycaena dorcas claytoni Brower, 1940; Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 35 (4): 138, TL: Springfield, Maine [Penobscot Co.]
Lycaena dorcas claytoni, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas claytoni ; [NACL, #4261d]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas claytoni ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. megaloceras (Ferris, 1977)

Wyoming Epidemia dorcas megaloceras Ferris, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 45: 31, TL: 5-Spring Creek, Big Horn Co., Wyoming
Lycaena dorcas megaloceras, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas megaloceras ; [NACL, #4261e]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas megaloceras ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. arcticus (Ferris, 1977)

Yukon Epidemia dorcas arcticus Ferris, 1977; Bull. Allyn Mus. 45: 33, TL: Mayo Lake ROad, Yukon Territory
Lycaena dorcas arcticus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia dorcas arcticus ; [NACL, #4261f]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas arcticus ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. michuron Scott, 2006

Michigan Lycaena dorcas michuron Scott, 2006; Papilio (n.s.) 12: 42, pl. 4, TL: Fenton Road, N of Hwy 59, Livingstone Co., Mich.
Lycaena dorcas michuron, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas michuron ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 196

L. d. dospassosi McDunnough, 1940

New Brunswick Lycaena dorcas var. dosPassosi McDunnough, 1940; Can. ent. 72 (7) : 130, TL: Bathurst, N. B.
Epidemia dorcas dospassosi ; [NACL, #4261c]
Lycaena dospassosi ; [Opler]
Lycaena (Epidemia) dospassosi ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

Lycaena helloides (Boisduval, 1852)

NA. See [About maps] Purplish Copper
Polyommatus helloides Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 291, TL: California
Lycaena (Heodes) thoe tr.f. sternitzkyi Gunder, 1927:REF#b: 284

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

Lycaena helloides, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena helloides, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena helloides, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena helloides, NSG Voucher Specimen [Wahlberg]
Lycaena helloides, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia helloides ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41; [NACL, #4262]
Lycaena helloides ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 42]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1067]
Lycaena (Epidemia) helloides ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

700x885 (~45Kb) underside USA: Tolmie State Park (47°07'23N 122°46'39W), Thurston Co., WA, 12.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	700x597 (~66Kb) underside USA: nr Crystal Mountain / FR9726 (47°13'56N 120°38'25W), Kittitas Co., WA, 11.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x785 (~68Kb) USA: Teanaway, Jungle Creek, (47°20'06N 120°55'21W ±0.5km) Kittitas Co., WA, 21.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
500x546 (~35Kb) male USA: FR 6520 /Johnson Ridge, Mt. Baker Snoqualmie Nat. Forest (47°19'58N 121°42'43W), Snohomish Co., WA, 7.8.2001, Photo © Markku Savela	900x1059 (~144Kb) USA: Cabin Mountain, (1408m), (47°14'15N 121°16'27W ~ ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.2006, Photo © Markku Savela	900x1241 (~147Kb) USA: Cabin Mountain, (1408m), (47°14'15N 121°16'27W ~ ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.2006, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonaceae, Rumex, Polygonum, less Potentilla [NAB]

Lycaena nivalis (Boisduval, 1869)

-. See [About maps] Nivalis Copper
Polyommatus nivalis Boisduval, 1869; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 44, TL: "de la région des neiges"
Lycaena nivalis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena nivalis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia nivalis ; [NACL, #4263]
Lycaena nivalis ; [EBW, (name)]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Epidemia) nivalis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

500x503 (~27Kb) USA: Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'12N 120°56'10W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

600x505 (~48Kb) underside USA: Wenatchee National Forest, (47°04'12N 120°56'10W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Polygonum douglasii [NAB]

L. n. nivalis

California, Nevada Chrysophanus ianthe Edwards, 1871; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (3/4) : 205, 211, TL: Nevada

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

Lycaena (Epidemia) nivalis nivalis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

L. n. browni dos Passos, 1938

Idaho, ... Lycaena nivalis browni dos Passos, 1938; Can. Ent. 70 (3): 45, pl. 2, f. 1-4, TL: Snowslide Canyon, 8mi from Montpelier, ID
Epidemia nivalis browni ; [NACL, #4263a]
Epidemia (Epidemia) nivalis browni ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

L. n. bichroma Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena nivalis bichroma Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 664, f. 9-12, TL: California, Siskiyou Co., summit of Mt. Eddy
Lycaena nivalis bichroma, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena (Epidemia) nivalis bichroma ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

L. n. warnermontana Emmel & Pratt, 1998

California Lycaena nivalis warnermontana Emmel & Pratt, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (52): 665, f. 13-16, TL: California, Modoc Co., Dismal Swamp, Warner Mntns
Lycaena (Epidemia) nivalis warnermontana ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

L. n. praetexta Austin, 1998

Nevada Lycaena nivalis praetexta Austin, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (44): 541, f. 13-16, TL: Nevada, Elko Co.
Lycaena (Epidemia) nivalis praetexta ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 197

Lycaena mariposa (Reakirt, 1866)

W.USA. See [About maps] Mariposa Copper
Polyommatus mariposa Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 149, TL: California
Lycaena mariposa, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Lycaena mariposa mariposa, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena mariposa, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Epidemia mariposa ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41; [NACL, #4264]
Lycaena mariposa ; [BOW: pl. 19, f. 44, 45]; [Opler]
Lycaena (Epidemia) mariposa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 198

700x951 (~56Kb) USA: Table Mtn, (~ 47°19N 120°42W), Kittitas Co., WA, 30.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	660x623 (~60Kb) underside USA: FR9705, Table Mtn (47°18'20N 129°41'43W), Kittitas Co., WA, 19.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	900x728 (~61Kb) upperside male USA: Teanaway, Jungle Creek, (47°20'06N 120°55'21W ±0.5km) Kittitas Co., WA, 21.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
600x717 (~58Kb) underside USA: Teanaway, Jungle Creek, (47°20'06N 120°55'21W ±0.5km) Kittitas Co., WA, 21.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	1000x1196 (~119Kb) USA: Cabin Mountain, (1408m), (47°14'15N 121°16'27W ~ ±0.5km), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.2006 (on Sedum divergens), Photo © Markku Savela

Larva on Vaccinium arbuscula, V. nivictum? Pratt & Ballmer, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 127, (not Polygonum douglasii!)

L. m. mariposa

California, Nevada? Polyommatus zeroe Boisduval, 1869; Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 45

= ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 198

Epidemia zeroe ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 41
Lycaena (Epidemia) mariposa mariposa ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 198

L. m. charlottensis (Holland, 1931)

British Columbia Chrysophanus charlottensis Holland, 1931; The Butterfly Book (1931 edn): 6, TL: Queen Charlotte Island
Lycaena mariposa charlottensis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Epidemia mariposa charlottensis ; [NACL, #4264a]
Lycaena (Epidemia) mariposa charlottensis ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 198

L. m. penroseae Field, 1938

Wyoming Lycaena mariposa penroseae Field, 1938; Pan-Pac. Ent. 14 (3): 142, TL: Lake Eleanor, Yellowstone National Park
Lycaena mariposa penroseae, Butterflies of America [BOA]
penrosae ; Brown, Eff & Rotger, 1955, (missp.)
Epidemia mariposa penroseae ; [NACL, #4264b]
Lycaena (Epidemia) mariposa penroseae ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 198

Lycaena hermes (Edwards, 1870)

California. See [About maps] Hermes Copper
Chrysophanus hermes Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 21, TL: California
Chrysophanus del sud[sic] Wright, 1905; Butts. West Coast: 62, TL: California

= ; [NL4A, #1068]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

delsud Wright, 1905; (emend.)
Lycaena hermes, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Lycaena hermes, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Lycaena hermes, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Tharsalea hermes ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 40
Hermelycaena hermes ; [NACL, #4265]
Lycaena hermes ; [EBW]; [Opler]; [NL4A, #1068]
Lycaena (Hermelycaena) hermes ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 191

Larva on Rhamnus crocea [NAB]

Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)

EU, Siberia, Asia Minor, C.Asia, Mongolia. See [About maps] Loistokultasiipi Scarce Copper Vitfläckig guldvinge Guldvinge Dukatenfalter Großer Feuerfalter Argus Satiné Manto de Oro Czerwończyk dukacik
Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 484, TL: Sweden
Lycaena virgaureae, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena virgaureae, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena virgaureae, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena virgaureae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena virgaureae, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena virgaureae, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes virgaureae ; [BARU, #348]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 26, 28, 29]; [BRU2: 124, pl. 58, f. 25-36]
Lycaena virgaureae ; [MRS, 664]; [Otakar Kudrna]

450x327 (~42Kb) upperside male Mt. Canigou, Pyrenees Orientales, France 27/07/96, Photo © Simon Coombes	680x680 (~60Kb) upperside female FINLAND: Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 27.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	600x436 (~25Kb) upperside male FINLAND: Kb: Kiihtelysvaara, 692:68, 11.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
600x688 (~52Kb) underside male FINLAND: Kb: Kiihtelysvaara, 692:68, 11.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	1400x968 (~124Kb) upperside female FINLAND, Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 2.8.1998, Photo © Markku Savela	600x803 (~46Kb) upperside male Finland, Sipoo 670:39, 12.7.1979, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
596x400 (~42Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	596x400 (~53Kb) upperside Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	979x734 (~91Kb) male Lithuania: Dzukija, Marcinkonys-Zervynos, 15.7.2008 (on Thymus pulegioides), Photo © Harri Arkkio
745x938 (~80Kb) upperside male Lithuania: Dzukija, Marcinkonys, railwaystation, 16.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	914x685 (~73Kb) underside male Lithuania: Dzukija, Marcinkonys-Zervynos, 15.7.2008, Photo © Harri Arkkio	680x610 (~96Kb) underside male Russia, Moscow area, 3.7.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
500x444 (~23Kb) female FINLAND: Ab: Suomusjärvi, 669:31, 18.8.1996, Photo © Markku Savela	500x389 (~22Kb) upperside male Finland, Sotkamo, Pihlajapuro, 7/1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	299x299 (~11Kb)

Larva on Rumex, R. acetosella [SPRK], Rumex thyrsifolium, R. acetosa [BARU], Fabaceae [MRS]

L. v. virgaureae

EU, W.Siberia, Caucasus, Tarbagatai, Altai Lycaena virgaureae oranula Freyer, 1845; Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 5: pl. 455, f. 1-2
Polyommatus estonica Huene, 1883; Ent. Nachr. 9 (4) : 49
Chrysophanus virgaureae caucasica Jachontov, 1908; Revue Russe Ent. 8 : 291
Chrysophanus virgaureae alexandrae Fruhstorfer, 1909; Int. ent. Zs. 3 (21): 120, TL: environs of town Miass
Chrysophanus virgaureae inalpinus Verity, 1913; J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 32 : 183
Lycaena virgaureae balcanicola Graves, 1928; in Graves & Hemming, Entomologist 61: 106-107, TL: S.Bulgaria, Kostenetz, 3000ft
balcanicola ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 18
Heodes virgaureae alexandrae ; [BARU, (note)]
Heodes virgaureae virgaureae ; [BRU2, 124]

L. v. virgaureola (Staudinger, 1892)

Sayan, Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri Polyommatus virgaureae virgaureola Staudinger, 1892; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 5 (2) : 314, TL: Kentei?
Heodes steni Bryk, 1946
virgaureae mongolica Kurenzov, 1970²
Heodes virgaureae virgaureola ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]

400x300 (~32Kb) underside male female A forb meadow on a SE slope 12 km SE of the village Gazimurskii Zavod, Gazimurskozavodskoi District, E Chita Province, E Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 24th July 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

400x451 (~32Kb) underside A meadow, with Medicago dominating, on the Tes-Khem River right bank in front of the Shivilig-Khem valley, the Ubsu-Nur intermontane hollow, Tes-Khem District, Tuva Republic, Siberia, Russia. 9th July 1990, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. v. lena Kurenzov, 1970²

C.Urals, C.Siberia, Far East virgaureae lena Kurenzov, 1970²; , TL: C. & E. Yakutia
Heodes virgaureae lena ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 124]

L. v. armeniaca (A. Bang-Haas, 1906)

Armenia (highlands) Chrysophanus virgaureae armeniaca A. Bang-Haas, 1906; Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 19 (3) : 128
Heodes virgaureae armeniaca ; [BRU2, 124]

Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)

gr, Asia Minor, Balkans. See [About maps] Grecian Copper
Polyommatus ottomanus Lefèbvre, 1830; Rev.?/Mag. Zool. 1830: pl. 19
Lycaena ottomana, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena ottomana, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes ottomanus ; [EBW, (name)]
Lycaena ottomana ; [Otakar Kudrna]

Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761)

SEU, CEU, S.Russia, Transcaucasus, Altai. See [About maps] Sooty Copper Dansk Guldvinge Bienenflater Manto oscuro Czerwończyk uroczek
Papilio tityrus Poda, 1761; Ins. Mus. Graecensis: 77, TL: Austria, Graz
acrion (Pontoppidan, 1763)
Papilio dorilis Hufnagel, 1766; Berlin. Mag. 2: 68
dorilas (Rottemburg, 1775)
Papilio circe [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 181
Papilio xanthe [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 181
Papilio phocas Rottemburg, 1775; Der Naturforscher 6: 29
?hypoxanthe Kirby, 1862; Man. Eur. Butt.: 91, f. 11, TL: ?Ukraine

= Lycaena dorilis ; Kirby, 1882, Eur. Butts Moths : 54

Polyommatus dorilis orientalis Staudinger, 1881; Stettin ent. Ztg 42 (7-9): 281
Palaeoloweia opisthochros Verity, 1939; Lambillionea 39: 186, TL: Persia
argentifex Bálint, 1990
Lycaena tityrus, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena tityrus, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena tityrus, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena tityrus, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes tityrus ; [BARU, #350]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 9, f. 25, 27]; [BRU2: 124, pl. 60, f. 1-3]
Lycaena tityrus ; [Otakar Kudrna]

443x400 (~30Kb) underside female The floodland on the Om' River right bank in the Omsk City suburbs, West Siberia, Russia. 14th August 1995, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

870x597 (~44Kb) upperside male Paetz, Berlin, Germany, 7-90, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

Larva on Rumex, Sarothamnus [R&H]

Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761)

EU, Russia, Siberia, Amur. See [About maps] Ketokultasiipi Purple-edged Copper Violettkantad guldvinge Kosmosvinge Manto de Cobre Czerwończyk płomieniec
Papilio hippothoe Linnaeus, 1761; Fauna Suecica (Edn 2): 274, TL: Sweden
Heodes hippothoe, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Lycaena hippothoe, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Lycaena hippothoe, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Lycaena hippothoe, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Lycaena hippothoe, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Lycaena hippothoe, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Lycaena hippothoe, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes hippothoe ; [BARU, #349]; [BRU2: 125, pl. 60, f. 5-12]
Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe ; [H&R, 249]; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 10, f. 9, 10]; [MRS, 664]
Paleochrysophanus[sic] hippothoe ; [BMAT: 102, pl. 32, f. 11 (not in N.Africa)]
Lycaena hippothoe ; [Otakar Kudrna]

500x455 (~31Kb) upperside female Finland, Tampere, Rusko, 6819:335, 12.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	400x359 (~21Kb) upperside male Finland, Tampere, Rusko, 6819:335, 12.7.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	550x588 (~35Kb) upperside male FINLAND: Kl: Parikkala, 683:64, 1.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela
500x564 (~35Kb) underside male FINLAND: Kl: Parikkala, 683:64, 1.7.1997, Photo © Markku Savela	600x742 (~40Kb) upperside female Finland, Sipoo 670:39, 26.6.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	600x719 (~49Kb) upperside male Finland, Sipoo 670:40, 20.6.1980, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen
1200x834 (~104Kb) underside Finland, Sipoo 670:39, 24.6.1981, Photo © Pertti Pakkanen	1119x540 (~90Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 17.06.2007, Photo © D. Smirnov

Larva on Rumex, R. acetosella, R. acetosa [SPRK], Polygonum bistorta [BARU], Rumex hydrolapathum, R. confertus, (Moscow) [BRU2, 125]

L. h. hippothoe

EU, W.Siberia, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tarbagatai Heodes hippothoe hippothoe
Papilio chryseis [Schiffermüller], 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 181
Papilio euridice Rottemburg, 1775; Der Naturforscher 6: 28, n. 17
alciphronides (Krulikovsky, 1897)
Chrysophanus hippothoe ab. spadona Krulikovsky, 1909; Rev. russ. ent. 9 (3) : 300
Heodes hippothoe hippothoe ; [BRU2, 125]

L. h. stiberi (Gerhard, 1853)

N.Scandinavia, N.Urals Polyommatus stiberi Gerhard, 1853; Mon. Lyc. : pl. 35, f. 1a-b, TL: Lappland
Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe stiberi ; [H&R, 249]
Heodes hippothoe stiberi ; [BRU2, 125]; [BARU, (note)]

L. h. eurydame (Hoffmannsegg, 1806)

Alps? Papilio eurydame Hoffmannsegg, 1806; Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 5: 178, TL: Mountains near Geneva
Lycaena hippothoe eurydame, Europaische Schmetterlinge [Mario Maier]
Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe eurydame ; [H&R, 249]

L. h. eurybia (Ochsenheimer, 1808)

Altai, Sayan, Far East Papilio eurybia Ochsenheimer, 1808; Schmett. Europa 1 (2): 81
sajana (Kozhantshikov, 1923)
Heodes hippothoe sajana ; [BARU, (note)]
Heodes hippothoe eurybia ; [BRU2, 125]

501x395 (~37Kb) underside male female An alpine meadow in the valley of the headwater of the Chikty Rivulet, 2500 m above sea level, the southern principle slope of the Yuzhno-Chuiskii mountain range, the upper Dzhazator River basin, Kosh-Agach District, Altai Republic, West Siberia, Russia. 22nd July 1998 (on Pedicularis anthemifolia Fisch. ex Colla), Photo © Oleg Kosterin

439x400 (~38Kb) underside male A meadow in a depression on the Adon-Chelon elevation, at the mountain Tsagan-Obo, 10 km NNW of the village Tasyrkhoi, S Chita Province (Dahuria), Transbaikalia, Siberia, Russia. 9th July 1996, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

L. h. amurensis (Staudinger, 1892)

Transbaikalia, Amur, Ussuri Polyommatus hippothoe var. amurensis Staudinger, 1892; in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 6 : 155
Heodes hippothoe amurensis ; [BARU, (note)]; [BRU2, 125]
Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe amurensis ; [MRS, 664]

Larva on Leguminosae [MRS]

Lycaena candens (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844])

SEEU. See [About maps] Polyommatus candens Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (7): (ii) f. 229-231, TL: Kleinasien [Turkey]
Lycaena candens, Captain's European Butterfly Guide [Simon Coombes]
Heodes candens ; [BRU2: 125, pl. 60, f. 13-15]
Lycaena candens ; [Otakar Kudrna]

L. c. leonhardi (Fruhstorfer, 1917)

Chrysophanus hippothoe leonhardi Fruhstorfer, 1917; Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 16, TL: Bulgaria, "Rilo..., Herzegowina Vucijabara"
Palaeochrysophanus hippothoe leonhardi ; [H&R, 250]
leonhardi ; Abadjiev, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 20

L. c. pfeifferi (Beuret, 1952)

Caucasus, Transcaucasia Palaeochrysophanus candens pfeifferi Beuret, 1952; Mitt. ent. Ges. Basel (n.f.) 2: 59, TL: Caucasus
Heodes candens pfeifferi ; [BRU2, 125]

Larva on Rumex spp. [BRU2, 125]

Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862

New Zealand Lycaena boldenarum White, 1862; Proc. Ent. Soc. London 1861 : 26
Lycaena boldernarum ; [EBW, (missp.?)]; [BAUR, 363 (missp.?)]

Larva on Muehlenbeckia axillaris Gibbs, 1980, New Zealand Butterflies:

Cobb Valley population

324x474 (~74Kb) upperside female Cobb Valley, Nelson Lakes, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

324x487 (~60Kb) upperside male Cobb Valley, Nelson Lakes, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

'TIWAI'

462x324 (~64Kb) upperside female Awarua Bay, nr Invercargill, Southland. South Island, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	483x324 (~51Kb) underside female Awarua Bay, nr Invercargill, Southland. South Island, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	478x324 (~63Kb) upperside male Awarua Bay, nr Invercargill, Southland. South Island, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards
457x324 (~45Kb) underside male Awarua Bay, nr Invercargill, Southland. South Island, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

'DESERT ROAD'

484x324 (~45Kb) underside male Mt Ruapehu, North Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

L. b. boldenarum

L. b. caerulea (Salmon, 1946)

Chrysophanus boldenarum caerulea Salmon, 1946; Dominion Museum (New Zealand) Rec. Ent.: 10

487x324 (~66Kb) upperside male Upper Hollyford Valley, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

460x324 (~63Kb) underside male Upper Hollyford Valley, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

L. b. ianthina (Salmon, 1946)

Chrysophanus boldenarum ianthina Salmon, 1946; Dominion Museum (New Zealand) Rec. Ent.: 11

489x324 (~81Kb) upperside female Milford Sound, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	482x324 (~68Kb) underside female Milford Sound, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	458x324 (~77Kb) upperside male Milford Sound, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Jan 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards
498x324 (~57Kb) underside male Milford Sound, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Lycaena rauparaha (Fereday, 1877)

New Zealand Chrysophanus rauparaha Fereday, 1877; Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9 : 462

451x300 (~90Kb) upperside female New Zealand, Malborough Sounds region, South Island, 20 Nov 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

480x329 (~22Kb) upperside male New Zealand, Malborough Sounds region, South Island, 16 Nov 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Muehlenbeckia complexa [Gibbs]

Lycaena salustius (Fabricius, 1793)

New Zealand Hesperia salustius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3: 310
Lycaena edna Doubleday, 1843; in Dieffenbach, Travels in New Zealand, ... 2: 283
Lycaena salustius ; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 18]; [EBW]; [BAUR, 363]

375x564 (~64Kb) upperside female New Zealand, Malborough Sounds region, South Island, 13 Nov 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	564x375 (~56Kb) upperside male New Zealand, Malborough Sounds region, South Island, 13 Nov 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	564x375 (~49Kb) underside male New Zealand, Malborough Sounds region, South Island, 13 Nov 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards
462x324 (~52Kb) male Homer Tunnel, Fiordland, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	487x324 (~36Kb) underside female Catlins, South Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards	324x466 (~25Kb) underside male Dunedin, South Island, NZ, Feb 2007, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards
487x324 (~41Kb) upperside female Banks Penninsular, South Island, NZ, Dec 2005, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Muehlenbeckia complexa, M. australis, M. axillaris Gibbs, 1980, New Zealand Butterflies:

L. s. maui (Fereday, 1877)

Chrysophanus maui Fereday, 1877; Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9 : 462, TL: Wellington

476x324 (~72Kb) upperside male Upland Wellington, North Island, NZ, Feb 2006, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Lycaena feredayi (Bates, 1867)

New Zealand Chrysophanus feredayi Bates, 1867; Ent. mon. Mag. 4 : 53
Chrysophanus enysii Butler, 1876; Ent. mon. Mag. 13 : 153
Lycaena feredayi ; [BOW: pl. 178, f. 15]; [EBW]; [BAUR, 363]

324x483 (~40Kb) upperside Dunedin, South Island, NZ, Feb 2007, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

479x324 (~34Kb) underside Dunedin, South Island, NZ, Feb 2007, Photo © Christopher A. Rickards

Larva on Muehlenbeckia australis Gibbs, 1980, New Zealand Butterflies:

30.4.2012 (69)

References:

[A. Timchenko]

Andrew Timchenko; Beijing, China (ex-Moscow, Russia)

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[AfrL]

Mark C. Williams; Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); e-mail: Mark C. Williams

[BAFR]

D'Abrera, 1980; Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BARU]

Korshunov, Y. P., Gorbunov, P. Y.; Butterflies of the Asian part of Russia; English translation by Oleg Kosterin; [Dnevnye babochki aziatskoi chasti Rossii. Spravochnik]

[BAUR]

D'Abrera, 1977; Butterflies of the Australian Region (2nd edn)

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BIR]

Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957; Butterflies of the Indian Region; (1982 Reprint)

[BK]

Larsen, Torben B., 1996; The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history

[BMAT]

Tennent, John, 1996; The butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; ISBN 0 906802 05 9

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[BRU2]

Tuzov (ed.), Bogdanov, Churkin, Devyatkin, Dantchenko, Murzin, Samodurov, Zhdanko, 2000; Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories; Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae; Volume 2

[Christopher A. Rickards]

Ann Arbor, Mi 48105, USA.; e-mail: Christopher A. Rickards

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[ESP]

Heppner, 1981; The dates of E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge in Abblidungen... 1776-[1830]; Archives of Natural History (1981) 10 (2): 251-254

[Erich Mangl]

http://www.mangl.at

[FLNHM]

Florida Museum of Natural History ; Bulletin of the Allyn Museum

[GALEPS]

Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm

[H&R]

Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Harri Arkkio]

Finland; For the time being these pictures are only for this site. Other usage not allowed.

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[Jean Delacre]

http://homepage.mac.com/jdelacre

[Jonathan P. Tyler]

Botanical Illustrator; http://www.jonathantyler.co.uk

[Karl Hofsäß]

Karl Hofsaess; e-mail: Karl Hofsäß

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-2005]

Gerardo Lamas; Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MRS]

Chou Io (Ed.); Monographia Rhopalocerum Sinensium, 1-2

[Mario Maier]

Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier

[Michael Borsch]

Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes

[Michal Koupý]

Czech Republic

[Michel Tarrier]

Michel R. Tarrier; Malaga, Spain; http://www.tarrier.org

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NHM]

Natural History Museum; The Global Lepidoptera Names Index

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[Oleg Kosterin]

Institue of Cytology & Genetics; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[PBSA]

Dickson, C.G.C (ed.), Kroon, D.M.; Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa; AD. DONKER 1978

[Pertti Pakkanen]

e-mail: Pertti Pakkanen; Butterfly and moth observations from Finland

[Peter Groenendijk]

http://www.home.zonnet.nl/groenendijk1963

[S. Shuichi Haupt]

e-mail: S. Shuichi Haupt; http://www.tu-berlin.de/fb7/ioeb/biologie/stefan.htm

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[SZMN]

Lepidoptera; Siberian Zoological Museum

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

[Tero Piirainen]

Tampere, Finland; e-mail: Tero Piirainen

[Wahlberg]

Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Abadjiev, 2002

Types of Balkan butterflies in the collection of The Natural History Museum, London Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 3-53

Ballmer & Pratt, 1989

Instar number and larval developement in Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas (Boisduval) J. Lep. Soc. 43 (1): 59-65

A. Bang-Haas, 1906

Neue oder wenig bekannte palaearctische Macrolepidopteren Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 19 (3) : 127-144

Bates, 1867

New species of insects from the province of Canterbury, New Zealand, collected by R. W. Fereday, Esq. Ent. mon. Mag. 4 : 52-56, 78-80

Behr, 1866

Description of a new species of Chrysophanus Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 6 : 208

Bethune-Baker, 1914

Synonymic Notes on the Ruralidae Ent. Rec. J. Var. 26 (5): 133-136, (6): 159-164

Bienert, [1870]

Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Persien in den Jahren 1858 und 1859. Inauguraldissertation Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 56pp

Blachier, 1905

Descriptions de Lépidoptères nouveaux de Maroc Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1905 : 212-215

Blachier, 1908

Lépidoptères du Maroc - Remarque sur diverses espèces et descriptions de variétés nouvelles Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 77 (2) : 209-222

Boisduval, 1852

Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 275-324

Boisduval, 1869

Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 12 : 5-28,37-94

Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]

Histoire générale et iconographie des lépidoptères et des chenilles de l'Amérique septentrionale Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (1): 1-16. pl. 1-3 (1829), (2): 17-24, pl. 4-6 (1829), (3/4): 25-40, pl. 7-12 ([1830]), (5/6): 41-56, pl. 13-18 ([1830]), (7/8): 57-80, pl. 19-24 ([1830]), (9/10): 81-100, pl. 25-30 (1833), (11-22): 101-196, pl. 31-65 ([1835]), (23-26): 197-228, pl. 66-78 ([1837])

Bryk, 1942

Zur Kenntnis der Großschmetterlinge der Kurilen Dt. Ent. Zeit. Iris, 56: 3-113 [?-90], 4fgs, 2pls

Bryk, 1946

Zur Kenntnis der Grossschmetterlinge von Korea Ark. Zool. 38A (3) : 1-74

Butler, 1876

List of the butterflies now known to inhabit New Zealand, with descriptions of a new genus, and a new species, in the collection of John D. Enys, Esq. Ent. mon. Mag. 13 : 152-154

Capronnier, 1889

Liste des Lépidoptères capturés au Congo par Messieurs Thys, Legat, Martini et Machado en 1887 C.R. Séances Soc. ent. Belg. 33 : cxviii-cxxvi [118-126]

Churkin, 1999

New taxa of butterflies from Transbaikalia, Russia Atalanta 29 (1/4): 107-204

Courvoisier, 1911

Entdeckungsreisen und kritische Spaziergänge ins Gebiet der Lycaeniden Ent. Zs. 24 (12): 59-60, (13): 65-67, (14): 70-71, (15): 77-78, (16): 81-82, (17): 88-89, (18): 92-94, (19): 99-101, (20): 106-108, (21): 112, (23): 125-127, (24): 131-132, (26): 141-142, (27): 147-149, (28): 156, (31): 167-170, (32): 175-177, (33): 181-182, (34): 185-188, (35): 190-192, (36): 196-200, (37): 201-204, (38): 205-209, (39): 210-214, (40): 227-228, (41): 230-231, (42): 233-236, (43): 237-238, (44): 241-242, (45): 245-247, (46): 249-250, (47): 253-255, (48): 257-259, (49): 261-263, (50): 265-266, (51/52): 269-270

Courvoisier, 1911

Einige neue oder wenig bekannte Lycaeniden-Formen Dt. ent. Z. Iris 25 (9) : 103-109, pl. 2

Cramer, [1775]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Dalman, 1816

Försök till systematiks Uppställing af Sveriges Fjärilar K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 37 : 48-101, (2): 119-225

de Nicéville, 1902

On new and little-known Butteflies, mostly from the Oriental Region. I-II J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 14 (2): 236-251, pl. FF, (3): 450-457

dos Passos, 1938

Some new subspecies of North American Lycaenidae Can. Ent. 70 (3): 45-48, pl. 2

dos Passos, 1964

A synonymic list of the Nearctic Rhopalocera Lepid. Soc. Mem. 1: 145pp

Doubleday, 1847

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. lep. Ins. B. M. 2: [ii] + 57pp

Westwood, 1852

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29, 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Eliot, 1973

The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative Arrangement Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 373-505, 162fgs, pl. 1-6

Edwards, 1870

Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (1) : 10-22

Edwards, 1871

Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 (3/4) : 205-216

Edwards, 1871

Descriptions of new species of North American butterflies Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 266-277

Edwards, 1881

Description of a new species of Chrysophanus Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 7: 69-70

Edwards, 1883

Descriptions of new species of North American butterflies Can. Ent. 15 (11) : 209-211

H. Edwards, 1877

Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. No. 26. - Description of two new forms of Diurnals Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc.: 1 (Dec. 17)

Esper, 1781; Esper, 1784

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Fortsetzung. Band 2 Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (1): 1-36, pl. 51-56 (1780), (2): 37-68, pl. 57-62 (1781), (3): 69-100, pl. 63-68 (1781), (4): 101-124, pl. 69-74 (1781), (5): 125-140, pl. 75-80 (1782), (7): 141-156, pl. 81-82 (1783), (8): 157-172, pl. 83-88 (1783), (9): 173-184, pl. 89-92 (1784), (28): 185-190, pl. 93 (1786)

Erschoff, 1874

Travels in Turkestan. Volume 2. Zoogeographical Investigations. Lepidoptera [in Russian] in Fedschenko, Travels in Turkestan. 2 (5) : 1-128, pl. 1-6

Fabricius, 1807

Systema Glossatorum. Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 277-295

Felder, 1862

Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k. k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macropepidoteren Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 12 (1/2) : 473-496

Fereday, 1877

Brief observations on the genus Chrysophanus, as represented in New Zealand Trans. N.Z. Inst. 9 : 460-463

Ferris, 1974

Distribution of arctic-alpine Lycaena phlaeas L. (Lycaenidae) in North America with designation of a new subspecies Bull. Allyn Mus. 18 : 1-13

Ferris, 1977

Taxonomic revision of the species dorcas Kirby and helloides Boisduval in the genus Epidemia Scudder (Lycaenidae: Lycaeninae) Bull. Allyn Mus. 45: 1-42

Freyer, 1845

Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. (65-80) Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 5 : 1-40 (1842), : 41-92 (1844), : 93-164 (1845)

Freyer, [1850]

Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. (81-100) Neuere Beitr. Schmett. 6 : 1-20 (1846), : 21-82 (1848), : 83-104 (1849), : 105-146 (1850), : 147-198 (1851), : (1852)

Fruhstorfer, 1909

Neue Palaearkten Int. ent. Zs. 3 (20): 112-113 (14 August), (21): 120-121 (21 August)

Fruhstorfer, 1910

Neue palaearktische Rhopaloceren Ent. Zs. 24 (26) : 144 (1 October)

Fruhstorfer, 1917

Neue Lycaeniden Ent. Rundschau 34 (4) : 16-18 (13 April)

Godman & Salvin, [1887]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Graeser, 1888

Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren-Fauna des Amurlandes Berl. Ent. Zs. 32 (1): 33-153 (1888), (2): 309-414 (1889)

Graves in Graves & Hemming, 1928

The geographical variation of Lycaena virgaureae Linn. Entomologist 61: (777) 25-31, 2pls, (778) 56-62, (779) 86-90, (780) 104-109, (781): 128-135

Grum-Grshimailo, 1888

Novae species et varietates Rhopalocerum e Pamir Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 22 (3-4) : 303-307

Grum-Grshimailo, 1890

Le Pamir et sa faune lépidoptérologique in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4 : 1-576, pl. A,1-21

Grum-Grshimailo, 1891

Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 445-465

Grum-Grshimailo, 1899

Lepidoptera nova vel rarum cognita regionis palaearcticae. I. Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 4: 455-472 (?1900)

Grum-Grshimailo, 1902

Lepidoptera nova vel rarum cognita regionis palaearcticae. II Ann. Mus. Zool. Imp. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 7: 191-205

Guérin-Méneville, [1832]

Iconographie du Règne Animal de G. Cuvier. Insectes. Icon. Règne anim. Cuvier 3 (Insectes) : pl. 3-12 (1829), : pl. 13-14,21-24 (1830), : pl. 25-30,42-46,52-55,60,62,76,24-25,25bis,28bis (1831), : pl. 77-92,99,84bis (1832), : pl. 31,36-39,47-49,59,101,39bis (1833), : pl. 32-35,50,61,64-66,49bis (1834), : pl. 15-20,40,51,56-58,67-75,93-98 (1835), : pl. 100,102-104 (1836), : pl. 1-2,41,63 (1837), : 1-576 (1844)

Gunder, 1926

Several new aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) Ent. News 37 (1): 1-9

Gunder, 1927

New transition forms of 'abs' and their classification Ent. News. 38: 129-138

Hall, 1924

Notes on Polygonia j-album, Cercyonis alope, Phyciodes tharos, Heodes epixanthe and Euphydryas gillettii J. N.Y. ent. Soc. 32: 109-111, 1pl

Harris, 1862

A treatise on some of the insects injurious to vegetation Treatise Ins. injur. Veget. (3rd edn): 1-640, 8pls

Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]; Herrich-Schäffer, [1846]; Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]

Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu J. Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 1843 (-1855), Die Tagfalter Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (9): Title ("1843"), (1): [1-3], 4-16, (ii) pl. 1-5, f. 1-29 (1843), (2): 17-40, (ii) pl. 29-34, f. 131-156 (1843), (3): 41-56, (ii) pl. 6-12, f. 30-60, pl. 35-36, f. 157-164 (1844), (4): 57-80, (ii) pl. 13-22, f. 61-107 (1844), (5): 81-90, (ii) pl. 23-28, f. 108-130, pl. 37-41, f. 165-189 (1844), (6): 91-98, (ii) pl. 42-44, f. 190-203 (1844), (7): 99-114, (ii) pl. 45-52, f. 204-248 (1844), (9): 115-122 (1844), (10): 123-146, (ii) pl. 53-57, f. 249-274 (1845), (11): 147-162 (1845), (12): (iii) pl. 1-3, f. 1-17 (1845), (13): 163-164, (ii) pl. 58-65, f. 275-315 (1846), (14): (ii) pl. 66-70, f. 316-338, (iii) pl. 4-5, f. 18-30 (1846), (26): (ii) pl. 71-77, f. 339-376 (1847), (32): (ii) pl. 78-82, f. 377-400 (1848), (36): (ii) pl. 83-89, f. 401-426, (iii) pl. 6, f. 31-36 (1848), (37): (ii) pl. 90-91, f. 427-437 (1849), (43): (ii) pl. 92-94, f. 438-450, 452-453 (1850), (45): (ii) pl. 95-102, f. 453-489 (1850), (47): (ii) pl. 103, f. 490-495 (1851), (49): (ii) pl. 104-109, f. 496-528 (1851), (51): (ii) pl. 110-118, f. 529-570 (1851), (54): (ii) pl. 119-123, f. 571-596 (1852), (56): (ii) pl. 124-127, f. 597-618, pl. 130-132, f. 628-639, pl. 134, f. 646-651 (1852), (59): (ii) pl. 128-129, f. 619-627, pl. 133, f. 640-645 (1853), (65): (iii) pl. 7, f. 37-42, (index) [1], 2-20 (1854), (66): (index) 21-24 (1855)

Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]

Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu J. Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, Sechter un letzter Band, 1843-1856 Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6 (1): (i) pl. I (1843), (3): (i) I-II, pl. II-IV (1844), (6): (i) pl. V (1844), (7): (i) pl. VI (1844), (8): (i) III-X, pl. VII-VIII (1844), (9): (i) pl. IX-XI (1844), (11): (i) pl. XII (1845), (13): (i) XI-XIV, pl. XIII-XIV (1846), (17): (i) pl. XVI (1846), (22): (ii) pl. I-III (1847), (35): (i) pl. XV (1848), (36): (i) pl. XVII-XIX (1848), (37): (i) pl. XX (1849), (?38): (i) XV-XVIII (1849), (38): (i) pl. XXI-XXII (1849), (40): (ii) I-II-IV, pl. IV-IX (1849), (48): [1], 2-24 (1851), (55): 25-80, (iv) [1], 2-36 (1852), (60): (ii) V-VIII, pl. X-XIV (iv) 37-40 (1853), (65): (iv) 41-60 (1854), (66): (iv) 61-72 (1855), (68): 81-152 (1855), (69): 153-178, (Index univ.) [1], 2-48 (1856), (69): (Schlusswort) i-iv (1856)

Holland, 1892

Descriptions of some new species of African Lepidoptera Entomologist 25 (Suppl.) : 89-95

Holland, 1896

List of the Lepidoptera Collected in Eastern Africa by Dr. W. L. Abbot, with descriptions of some apparently new Species Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18 (1062) : 229-258, pl. 7-8

Howarth & Povolny, 1976

Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans Èas. morav. Mus. Brn. 61: 139-170, pl. 3-4

Huang, 2001

Report of H. Huang's 2000 Expedition to SE. Tibet for Rhopalocera Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 51: 65-152

Huene, 1883

Polyommatus var. Estonica Ent. Nachr. 9 (4) : 49-51

Jachontov, 1908

[? Notice sur les Lèpidoptères Rhopalocères du Caucase] Revue Russe Ent. 8 : 282-292

Johnson & Balogh, 1977

Studies in the Lycaeninae 2. Taxonomy and evolution of the Nearctic Lycaena rubidus complex, with decription of a new species Bull. Allyn Mus. 43: 1-62

Kirby, 1837

Fauna Boreali-Americana or the Zoology of the northern parts of British America in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 325pp, 8pls

Kirby, 1882

European Butterflies and Moths Eur. Butts Moths : 1-427

Krulikovsky, 1909

[russian] Rev. russ. ent. 9 (3) : 292-323

Lederer, 1869

Verzeichniss der von Herrn Jos. Haberhauer bei Astrabad in Persion gesammelten Schmetterlinge Horae Soc. ent. ross. 6 (2) : 73-93, pl. 4-5

Lederer, [1870]

Nachtrag zur verzeichnisse der von Herrn Jos. Haberhauer bei Astrabad in Persien gesamelten Schmetterlinge Horae Soc. ent. ross. 8 (1): 3-28, pl. 1-2

Leech, 1887

On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea, Pt I. Rhopalocera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1887 : 398-431, pl. 35-36

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Lucas, 1866

Variété du Chrysophanus phlaeas Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) 5 : 499

MacLean, 1990

Lycaena hyllus (Cramer): new host and mating behaviour in a drought-induced population explosion J. Lep. Soc. 44 (1): 33-34

Matsumura, 1928

New Butterflies especially from the Kuriles Insecta Matsumurana 2 (4) : 191-201

Maynard, 1891

A Manual for North American Butterflies Man. N. Amer. Butt., app.: -

McDunnough, 1940

A new race of Lycaena dorcas from northeastern New Brunswick Can. ent. 72 (7) : 130-131

McLachlan, 1878

Report on Insecta (including Arachnida) collected by Captain Feilden and Mr. Hart between Parallels of 78° and 83° North Latitude, during the recent Arctic Expedition J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 14 : 98-122

Mead, 1878

Description of two new Californian butterflies Can. Ent. 10 (10) : 196-199

Miller & Brown, 1979

Studies in the Lycaeninae (Lycaenidae). 4. The higher classification of the American coppers Bull. Allyn Mus. 51 : 1-30

Moore, 1865

List of diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N. W. Himalayas Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 486-509, pl. 30-31

Moore, 1874

List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in Cashmere Territory by Capt. R. B. Reed, 12th Regt., with Descriptions of new Species Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1) : 264-274, pl. 43

Moore, [1875]

Descriptions of new Asiatic Lepidoptera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4) : 565-579, pl. 66-67

Moore, 1884

Descriptions of some new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera; chiefly from specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta J. asiat. Soc. Bengal 53 Pt.II (1) : 16-52

Nekrutenko, 1977

[An undescribed taxon of the Polyommatus eros-eroides group from the Caucasus Major] Rep. Acad. Sci. SSR Ukraine (B) 2: 180-181 (Ukrainian)

Nekrutenko, 1983

A Revision of the Genus Hyrcanana. (in Russian) Vestnik zool. 1983 (3): 7-16

Neuburger, 1903

Chrysophanus ochmus H.-S. var. hyrcana ♂ Neubgr. Soc. Ent. 18 (8) : 59

Oberthür, 1886

[Lépidoptères de la Chine et du Thibet] Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 6 : xii-xiii,[12-13], : xxii,[22-23]

Oberthür, 1891

Nouveaux Lépidoptères d'Asie Étud. d'Ent. 15 : 7-25, pl. 1-3

Oberthür, 1910

Notes pour servir à établir la Faune Française et Algérienne des Lépidoptères Ètud. Lépid. Comp. 4 : 15-691, pl. 35-58

Ochsenheimer, 1808

Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Erster Band, Zweyte Abtheilung Schmett. Europa 1 (2): 240pp

Pelham, 2008

A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada J. Res. Lepid. 40: 1-652

Poda, 1761

Insecta Musei Graecensis, quae in ordines, genera et species juxta Systema Naturae Caroli Linnaei digessit Ins. Mus. Graecensis: 8+127, 2pls

Poulton, 1922

A form of Heodes phlaeas L., in S.W. Uganda Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. 1921 : lxxxi-lxxxvi (1922)

Pratt & Ballmer, 1986

Clarification of the larval host plant of Epidemia mariposa in northern California J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 127

Reakirt, 1866

Coloradian butteflies Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 122-151

Reiff, 1913

Some new forms of Lepidoptera from Massachusetts Ent. News 24 (7) : 305-310, pl. 10

Riley, 1921

Some undescribed Rhopalocera from Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia; and other Notes Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 8 (47) : 590-600

Sakai, 1978

Butterflies from the Hindukush, Karakorum, Kashmir and Ladak, with Descriptions of two new Species and six Subspecies Atalanta 9 (1): 104-131, 69figs

Scott, 1981

New Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea from North America Papilio (n.s.) 1: 1-12

Scott, 2006

Taxonomic studies and new taxa of North American butterflies Papilio (n.s.) 12: 1-74

Scudder, 1868

[no title] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11 : 401-403

Scudder, 1872

A systematic Revision of some of the American Butterflies; with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Mass. 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 24-83

Scudder, 1876

Synonymic list of the butterflies of North America, north of Mexico. (2) Rurales Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3 : 98-129

Scudder, 1889

The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada, with special reference to New England Butts eastern U.S. Canada 1: 1-766, 2: 767-1774, 3: 1775-1958, pl. 1-89

Shchetkin, 1963

[To the fauna of higher hlepidopterans of low-montane southern Tajikistan] Tr. Inst. Zool. Parasit. AN Tadsch. SSR 24: 21-71 [russian]

Snellen, 1899

Beschrijving van Lycaena Bathinia Snell. nov. spec. Tijdschr. Ent. 42 : 212-214

South, 1913

A list of butterflies collected by Captain F.M. Bailey in western China, south-eastern Tibet, and the Mishimi hills, 1911 J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 22 (2): 345-365, (3): 598-615

Staudinger, 1878

Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasiens Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 14 : 176-482

Staudinger, 1881

Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Central-Asiens Stettin ent. Ztg 42 (7-9): 253-300, (10-12): 393-424

Staudinger, 1886

Centralasiatische Lepidopteren Stett. Ent. Ztg. 47 (4-6): 193-215, (7-9): 225-256

Staudinger, 1892

Lepidopteren des Kentei-Gebirges Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 5 (2) : 300-393

Staudinger, 1892

Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets. I. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuae in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 6 : 83-658, pl. 4-14

Stoll, [1780]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)

Strecker, 1878

Butterflies and Moths of North America Synon. Cat. Macroplep.: -

Swinhoe, 1889

On new Indian Lepidoptera, chiefly Heterocera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1889 (4) : 396-431, pl. 43-44

Tilden, 1955

A Revision of Tharsalea (S.Str.), with Description of a new Subspecies Bull. Southern Calif. Acad. Sci. 54 (2): 67-77

Verity, 1913

Revision of the Linnean Types of Palaearctic Rhopalocera J. Linn. Soc. Zool. Lond. 32 : 173-191

Verity, 1919

Seasonal polymorphism and races of some European Grypocera and Rhopalocera Ent. Rec. J. Var. 31 : 26-31,43-48,87-89,121-129,178-184,193-201

Watson & Comstock, 1920

Notes on American Lepidoptera with descriptions of new varieties Bull. Amer. Mus. 42 (10) : 449-455

Wright, 1905

The Butterflies of the West Coast of the United States Butts. West Coast: 257pp

Wyatt, 1961

Additions to the Rhopalocera of Afghanistan with descriptions of new species and subspecies J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 1-18, 3pls

Zeller, 1847

Bemerkungen über die auf einer Reise Nach Italien und Sicilien Beobachteten Schmetterlingsarten Isis von Oken 1847 (2): 121-159, (3): 213-233, (4): 284-308, (6): 401-457, (7): 482-522, (8): 561-594, (9): 641-673, (10): 721-771, (11): 801-859, (12): 881-914

Zhdanko, 1990

[New species and subspecies of the Lycaenidae from Asiatic part of the USSR and North Iran] Ent. Obozr. 69 (1): 134-143 (Russian)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.