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Spilosoma Curtis, 1825

Spilosoma Curtis, 1825; British Entomology 2: pl. 92, TS: Bombyx menthastri Denis & Schiffermüller
Spilosoma Stephens, 1827; Retrospective Review (2) 1: 242, TS: Phalaena lubricipeda Linnaeus
Rhagonis Walker, 1862; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1 : 270, TS: Rhagonis bicolor Walker
Elpis Dyar, 1893; Ent. News 4 (1) : 36 (preocc. Elpis Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera)), TS: Antarctia rubra Neumoegen
Spilosoma ; Godman & Salvin, 1885, Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Heterocera 1: 117
Spilosoma (Arctiini) ; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29
Spilosoma ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma erythrozona (Kollar, [1844])

E.Afghanistan, Kashmir, NW.Himalayas, W.Xinjiang?, S.Tibet?. See [About maps] Euprepia erythrozona Kollar, [1844]; in Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek, 4: 468
Spilosoma cognata Walker, 1869; Characters undescr. Lepid. Heterocera : 11, TL: NW.Himalayas
Spilosoma erythrozona, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Diacrisia erythrozona ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 269, pl. 44, f. 21
Spilosoma erythrozona ; [DubO]

Spilosoma extrema Daniel, 1943

Yunnan. See [About maps] Spilosoma extrema ; [DubO]

Spilosoma fujianensis Fang, 1981

Fujian. See [About maps] Spilosoma fujianensis ; [DubO]

Spilosoma likiangensis Daniel, 1943

Yunnan, Guangxi. See [About maps] Spilosoma likiangensis ; [DubO]

Spilosoma lubricipedum (Linnaeus, 1758)

EU, Russia, AC, AN, E.Asia, Korea, Japan, Asia Minor, Caucasus. See [About maps] Tiikerisiilikäs Yleinen tiikerikehrääjä White Ermine Weiße Tigermotte Écaille Tigrée Allmän tigerspinnare tejszînü medvelepke
Phalaena lubricipeda Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 505
Bombyx lubricipeda alba Hufnagel, 1766; Berlin. Magazin, 2 (4) : 412
Bombyx menthastri Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 54
Phalaena lepus Retzius, 1783; Gen. Spec. Ins.: 37
Bombyx menthastri Esper, 1786; Die. Schmett., Th. III (27): 334, (25): pl. 66, f. 6-10
Bombyx mendica Rossi, 1790; Fauna Etrusc. 2: 174
Phalaena (Bombyx) erminea Marsham, 1791; Trans. Linn. Soc. 1 : 70, pl. 1, f. 1
Chelonia luxerii Godart, 1822; Hist. Nat. Lépid. Fr. 4 : 360, pl. 37, f. 4
Spilosoma walkeri Curtis, 1825; British Entomology 2: pl. 92
?Spilosoma sangaica Walker, 1864; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 294
Diacrisia menthastri chishimana Matsumura, 1929; Insecta Matsumurana 3 (4): 167
Diacrisia mashuensis Matsumura, 1930; Insecta Matsumurana, 5: 34, t. 1, f. 1
Spilosoma menthastri elegans Bryk, 1948; Ark. Zool. 41 A (1): 43
sotiriadis Koutsaftikis, 1973
Spilosoma lubricipedum, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Spilosoma lubricipeda, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Spilosoma lubricipeda, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Spilosoma lubricipeda, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Spilosoma lubricipedum, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Spilosoma lubricipeda, UK Moths [Ian Kimber]
Diacrisia lubricipeda ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 271
Spilosoma lubricipedum ; [DubA, #84]; [DubO]

1024x768 (~132Kb) female Russia, Moscow, 11.7.2004, Photo © D. Smirnov

1024x620 (~115Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 12.6.2005, Photo © D. Smirnov

412x248 (~18Kb) male

Larva on Salix phylicifolia, Urtica dioeca, Polygonum spp., P. calcatum, Rumex spp., Rubus idaeus, Pisum sativum, Trifolium spp., T. repens, Geranium sanguineum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Plantago major, Taraxacum spp., Lactuca sativa [SPRK]

S. l. lubricipedum

Spilosoma lubricipedum lubricipedum ; de Freina, 1999, Atalanta 30 (1/4): 242

Spilosoma mienshanicum Daniel, 1943

Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi. See [About maps] Spilosoma mienshanicum ; [DubO]

Spilosoma multiguttata (Walker, 1855)

Tibet, Kashmir, Sikkim, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodja. See [About maps] Hypercompa multiguttata Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 657
?Deiopeia spilosomoides Walker, [1865]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 263, TL: Kashmir Jawi
?Deiopeia pardalina Walker, [1865]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 263, TL: Cambodia
Diacrisia multiguttata major Rothschild, 1910
Diacrisia multiguttata pallidior Rothschild, 1910
Diacrisia multiguttata ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 292
Spilosoma multiguttata ; [DubO]

Spilosoma ningyuenfui Daniel, 1943

Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet. See [About maps]

S. n. ninguenfui

Yunnan Spilosoma ningyuenfui ninguenfui ; [DubO]

S. n. flava Daniel, 1943

Sichuan, Tibet Spilosoma ningyuenfui flava ; [DubO]

Spilosoma punctarium (Stoll, [1782])

Middle Amur, Primorye, S.Kuril Is., China - Tibet, Korea, Japan. See [About maps] Bombyx punctaria Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): 233, pl. 398, f. D
Spilosoma punctarium, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Diacrisia punctaria ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 268
Spilosoma punctarium ; [DubA, #85]

S. p. punctarium

Arctia punctigera Motschulsky, [1861]; Etud. Ent. 9: 31, pl. 1, f. 7
Spilosoma roseiventer Snellen, 1863; Tijds. 6: 143
Diacrisia sangaicum Hampson, 1894
Spilosoma punctarium miserata Bryk, 1942; Dt. Ent. Zeit. Iris, 56: 33
Spilosoma punctarium punctarium ; [DubP]

S. p. dornesii Oberthür, 1879

Spilosoma dornesii Oberthür, 1879; Diagn. Lep. Askold: 6
?Spilosoma doerrisi Oberthür, 1880; Étud. d'Ent. 5 : 31, pl. 1, f. 7
Spilosoma doerriesi Oberthür, [1881]; [Dubatolov]
Spilosoma punctarium dornesii ; [DubP]

Spilosoma rostagnoi Oberthür, 1911

Sichuan. See [About maps] Spilosoma rostagnoi ; [DubO]

Spilosoma urticae (Esper, 1789)

EU, N.Iran, S.Siberia, Amur. See [About maps] Janösiilikäs Valkea tiikerikehrääjä Water Ermine Nesselbär Écaille de l'ortie Vit tigerspinnare
Phalaena (Bombyx) urticae Esper, 1789; Die. Schmett., Th. III (Suppl.) (1-2): 20, (3-4): pl. 83, f. 2
?Spilosoma sangaica Walker, [1865]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 294
?Spilosoma urticae var. quadripunctata Cosmovici, 1892; Le Naturalista 14: 280, TL: Romania
?Spilosoma urticae var. paucipunctata Fuchs, 1892; Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk. 45: 89
Spilosoma urticae, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Spilosoma urticae, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Spilosoma urticae, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Spilosoma urticae, Norges Sommerfugler [NORLEP]
Spilosoma urticae, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Spilosoma urticae, UK Moths [Ian Kimber]
Diacrisia urticae ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 270
Spilosoma urticae ; [DubA, #86]

1200x928 (~96Kb) Finland, Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539), 4.7.2004, Photo © Markku Savela

700x538 (~46Kb) Finland, Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki (6719:539), 4.7.2004, Photo © Markku Savela

396x262 (~14Kb)

Larva on (Sweden) Mentha, Plantago, Polygonum, Urtica [SPRK], Rumex, Mentha, Senecio, Galium, Menyanthes [BSW]

S. u. urticae

EU, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, N.Uzbekistan, S.Siberia, Middle Amur Phalaena papyratia Marsham, 1791; Trans. Linn. Soc. 1 : 72, pl. 1, f. 4
Spilosoma urticae urticae ; [DubA, #86a]

S. u. mandli Schawerda, 1922

S.Primorye Spilosoma mandli Schawerda, 1922; Z. Öst. EntVer. 7: 11
Spilosoma urticae mandli ; [DubA, #86b]

S. u. sangaica Walker, [1865]

Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan? Spilosoma urticae sangaica ; [DubO]

Spilosoma virginica (Fabricius, 1798)

NA, Mexico. See [About maps] Virginian Tiger Moth Virginia Ermine Moth Yellow Bear (larva) Yellow woolly-bear (larva) Diacrisie de Virginia virginiaei medvelepke
Bombyx virginica Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 437
Spilosoma congrua Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 669 (part, f.)
Spilosoma virginica f. fumosa Strecker, 1900; Lep. Rhopal. Het., Suppl. 3 : 28
Spilosoma virginica, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma virginica, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Spilosoma virginicum, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Spilosoma virginica, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Spilosoma virginica, Lynn Scott's Lepidoptera Images [Lynn Scott]
Diacrisia virginica ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 267
Diacrisia virginica f. fumosa ; [HMB, 127, pl. XVI, f. 7]
Spilosoma virginica ; [NACL, #8137]; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29
Spilosoma virginicum ; [DubP]

Spilosoma jussiaeae (Poey, 1832)

Cuba. See [About maps] Arctia jussiaeae Poey, 1832; Centurie Lèpid. Cuba : pl. [17], TL: Cuba
Diacrisia jussieuae ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 267, pl. 44, f. 18
Spilosoma jussiaeae ; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma streltzovi Dubatolov, 1996

M.Amur, Primorye. See [About maps] Spilosoma streltzovi Dubatolov, 1996; Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 37: 76, TL: Amurskaya, near Blagovestshensk
Spilosoma streltzovi, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Spilosoma streltzovi ; [DubA, #87]

Spilosoma latipennis Stretch, 1872

ENA. See [About maps] Pink-legged Tiger Moth Red-legged Diacrisia
Spilosoma latipennis Stretch, 1872; Illust. Zygaenidae Bombycidae N. Am. 1: 133
Spilosoma latipennis, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma latipennis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Spilosoma latipennis, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Diacrisia latipennis ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 266; [HMB, 128, pl. XIV, f. 6]
Spilosoma latipennis ; [NACL, #8133]; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma vestalis Packard, 1864

British Colombia, California. See [About maps] Vestal Tiger-moth
Spilosoma vestalis Packard, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3 : 125
Diacrisia echo Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 122-123 (part, m.)
Spilosoma vestalis ab. amelaina Dyar, 1893; REF#b: 511
Spilosoma vestalis, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma vestalis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Maenas vestalis ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 250; [HMB, 127, pl. XVI, f. 5]
Spilosoma vestalis ; [NACL, #8135]; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma dubia (Walker, 1855)

ENA. See [About maps] Dubious Tiger Moth
Cynia dubia Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 682, TL: Canda, Hudson's Bay
Spilosoma prima Slosson, 1889; Entom. Amer. 5: 40
Spilosoma dubia, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma dubia, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Spilosoma dubia, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Estigmene prima ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 346, pl. 48, f. 21
Spilosoma dubia ; [NACL, #8136]

Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval, 1852)

WNA. See [About maps] Wandering Diacrisia
Arctia vagans Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 322
Spilosoma vagans, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma vagans, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Spilosoma vagans, Lepidoptera collection [SZMN]
Spilosoma vagans, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Diacrisia vagans ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 307; [HMB, 128, pl. XIV, f. 33]
Spilosoma vagans ; [NACL, #8138]

S. v. vagans

Nemeophila rufula Boisduval, 1855; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 3: 32
Rhagonis bicolor Walker, 1862; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1 : 270, TL: California
Antarctia punctata Packard, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3 : 123
Antarctia punctata var. proba H. Edwards, 1881; Papilio 1 (3) : 39
Antarctia walsinghamii Butler, 1881; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 8 : 311, TL: California, Rouge R.
Spilosoma vagans vagans ; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29; [DubN]

S. v. kasloa (Dyar, 1904)

Diacrisia kasloa Dyar, 1904; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 6 (1) : 18
Spilosoma vagans kasloa ; [NACL, #8138a]; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma pteridis H. Edwards, 1874

WNA. See [About maps] Spilosoma pteridis H. Edwards, 1874; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 : 264
Spilosoma pteridis, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Spilosoma pteridis, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Spilosoma pteridis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Spilosoma pteridis ; [NACL, #8139]

S. p. pteridis

Diacrisia rubra var. danbyi Neumoegen & Dyar, 1893; Ent. News 4 (4) : 141 (Elpis?)
Spilosoma pteridis pteridis ; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29; [DubN]

S. p. rubra (Neumoegen, 1881)

Ruddy Diacrisia
Antarctia rubra Neumoegen, 1881; Papilio 1 (5) : 79, TL: Mount Hood, Oregon
Elpis rubra ; Dyar, 1893, Ent. News 4 (1) : 36
Diacrisia rubra ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 307, pl. 46, f. 7; [HMB, 128, pl. XIV, f. 32]
Spilosoma pteridis rubra ; [NACL, #8139a]; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma pelopea (Druce, 1897)

Mexico. See [About maps] Euchaetes pelopea Druce, 1897; Biol. Cent.-Am., Lepid.-Heter. 2: 393, pl. 77, f. 8, TL: Mexico, Guadalajara
Diacrisia pelopea ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 295
Spilosoma pelopea ; Watson & Goodger, 1986, Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 29

Spilosoma canescens (Butler, 1875)

Sydney, Queensland, Victoria. See [About maps] Arcides canescens Butler, 1875; Cistula Ent. 2 : 29, TL: Sydney
Spilosoma canescens, Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia [Don Herbison-Evans]
Diacrisia canescens ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 287, pl. 45, f. 4
Spilosoma canescens ; [AUCL]

Misidentified/misapplied:

?Spilosoma obliqua; Walker, 1855, List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 679, ♀ (not ♂)

Spilosoma affinis Bartel, 1903

Tanzania. See [About maps] Spilosoma affinis Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 185, TL: Tanzania, Uhele, Iringa; Uhele, Iringa-Mgololo
Spilosoma affinis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma albiventre Kiriakoff, 1963

Tanzania. See [About maps] Spilosoma albiventre Kiriakoff, 1963; Explor. Nat. Albert 16 (2): 107, TL: Zaire, Kalonge
Spilosoma albiventre ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma angolensis Bartel, 1903

Angola. See [About maps] Spilosoma angolensis Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 186, TL: Angola
Spilosoma angolensis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma aspersa Mabille, 1878

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilosoma aspersa Mabille, 1878; Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 3: 89, TL: Madagascar
Areas virginalis Butler, 1878; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (12) : 456, TL: Madagascar, Betsileo country
Diacrisia aspersa ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 272
Spilosoma aspersa ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17, f. 22, 122-123

Spilosoma atridorsia (Hampson, 1920)

Kenya, Uganda. See [About maps] Diacrisia atridorsia Hampson, 1920; Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 2: 393, pl. 59, f. 17 (repl. Amsacta rattrayi Rothschild, 1910)
Amsacta rattrayi Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 156, TL: Uganda, Entebbe
Spilosoma atridorsia ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Larva on Commelina, Gossypium, Morus, Coffea, Solanum Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma aurantiaca (Holland, 1893)

Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon. See [About maps] Alpenus aurantiaca Holland, 1893; Psyche 6 : 397, TL: Gabon, Ogové River
Alpenus multiscripta Holland, 1893; Psyche 6 : 398, TL: [Gabon], Ogové River
Diacrisia aurantiaca ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 275, pl. 44, f. 19
Spilosoma aurantiaca ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Larva on Sapuim, Solanum, Datura, Theobroma cacao Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma batesi (Rothschild, 1910)

Nigeria, Cameroun, Zaire. See [About maps] Teracotona batesi Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 181, TL: Cameroun, Ja River
Spilosoma batesi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma baxteri (Rothschild, 1910)

Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya. See [About maps] Amsacta baxteri Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 157, TL: Tanzania, Mpuapua
Spilosoma baxteri ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma bifurca (Walker, 1855)

Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda. See [About maps] Aloa bifurca Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 700, TL: Sierra Leone
Spilarctia radiosa Druce, 1898; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1 (3): 211, TL: [Nigeria] Calabar
Diacrisia bifurca ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 275, pl. 44, f. 20
Spilosoma bifurca ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17, f. 21, 120-121

Spilosoma bipartita Rothschild, 1933

Angola, Malawi, unimaculata (Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Angola). See [About maps] Spilosoma bipartita Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 179, TL: Malawi, Zomba
Spilosoma unimaculata Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 185, TL: [Tanzania] Dar-es-Salaam

= ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma bipartita ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma brunneomixta Toulgoët, 1971

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilosoma brunneomixta Toulgoët, 1971; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 76: 87, TL: Madagascar, environs de Tananarive
Spilosoma brunneomixta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma buryi (Rothschild, 1910)

Ghana, Nigeria. See [About maps] Diacrisia buryi Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 126, TL: Ghana, Gamabaga
Spilosoma buryi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 17

Spilosoma castelli Rothschild, 1933

-. See [About maps] Spilosoma castelli Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 176, TL: Senegal, Sédhiou

S. c. castelli

Senegal Spilosoma castelli castelli ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

S. c. grandis Rothschild, 1933

Nigeria castelli grandis Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 177, TL: Nigeria, Bauchi Plateau
Spilosoma castelli grandis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma cellularis (Toulgoët, 1954)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Diacrisia cellularis Toulgoët, 1954; Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (E) 5: 211, TL: Madagascar, forêt d'Ambodivoangy, near Maroantsetra
Spilosoma cellularis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma chionea (Hampson, 1900)

South Africa. See [About maps] Diacrisia chionea Hampson, 1900; Ann. S. Afric. Mus. 2: 56, TL: Natal, Weenen
Diacrisia chionea ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 274, pl. 44, f. 11
Spilosoma chionea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma crossi (Rothschild, 1910)

Gambia, Nigeria. See [About maps] Diacrisia crossi Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 141, TL: Nigeria (Assaba; Warri; Agberri, Niger R); Gambia, Bathurst
Spilosoma crossi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma curvilinea Walker, 1855

Zaire, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria. See [About maps] Spilosoma curvilinea Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 671, TL: [Zaire] Congo
Diacrisia curvilinea ab. obsoletilinea Strand, 1919; Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 22: 175, TL: Gambia
Diacrisia curvilinea ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 275, pl. 44, f. 4
Spilosoma curvilinea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Dioscorea, Zea mays, Theobroma cacao Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma dissimilis Distant, 1897

South Africa. See [About maps] Spilosoma dissimilis Distant, 1897; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 20 (116): 198, TL: Transvaal, Pretoria
Estigmene dissimilis ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 340, pl. 47, f. 1
Spilosoma dissimilis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Cyanotis nodiflora, Veronica gerradi Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma dufranei Kiriakoff, 1965

Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma dufranei Kiriakoff, 1965; Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 41 (21): 11, TL: Zaire, Nizi (Kibali)
Spilosoma dufranei ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma euryphlebia (Hampson, 1903)

South Africa. See [About maps] Diacrisia euryphlebia Hampson, 1903; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11 : 351, TL: Zululand, Lower Tugela
Spilosoma euryphlebia ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma feminina Rothschild, 1933

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilosoma feminina Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 175, TL: Madagascar, Diego Suarez
Spilosoma feminina ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma griveaudi (Toulgoët, 1956)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilarctia griveaudi Toulgoët, 1956; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 61: 232, TL: Madagascar, Périnet, forêt Analamazoatra
Spilosoma griveaudi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma gynephaea (Hampson, 1901)

Zimbabwe. See [About maps] Estigmene gynephaea Hampson, 1901; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8 (45) : 185, TL: Mashonaland, Salisbury
Spilosoma gynephaea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma hercules (Toulgoët, 1956)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilarctia hercules Toulgoët, 1956; Revue Fr. d'Ent. 23: 131, TL: Madagascar, Ranomafana
Spilosoma hercules ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma heterogenea Bartel, 1903

Angola. See [About maps] Spilosoma heterogenea Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 192, TL: Angola
Spilosoma heterogenea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma immaculata Bartel, 1903

Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroun, Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma immaculata Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 190, TL: Cameroun, Buea
Spilosoma immaculata ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma jacksoni (Rothschild, 1910)

Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania. See [About maps] Diacrisia jacksoni Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 140, TL: Nairobi
Spilosoma jacksoni ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Commelina, Aster, Bidens pilosa, Galimsoga parviflora, Zinnia, Boerhavia, Solanum Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma jordani Debauche, 1938

C.A.R. See [About maps] Spilosoma jordani Debauche, 1938; Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 14 (9): 15, TL: C.A.R, Banbgui, Oubangui-Chari
Spilosoma jordani ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma karschi Bartel, 1903

Togo, Ghana, Nigeria. See [About maps] Spilosoma karschi Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 189, TL: Togo, Bismarckburg
Spilosoma karschi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma leighi (Rothschild, 1910)

South Africa. See [About maps] Diacrisia leighi Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 141, TL: Natal, Durban
Spilosoma leighi ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma lentifasciata (Hampson, 1916)

Zimbabwe, Zambia. See [About maps] Diacrisia lentifasciata Hampson, 1916; Novit. zool. 23 : 236, TL: Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Salisbury
Spilosoma lentifasciata ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma lineata Walker, 1855

South Africa, South West Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Angola. See [About maps] Spilosoma lineata Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 672, TL: Natal
Aloa simplex Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 699, TL: Natal
Saenura alba Wallengren, 1860; Wien ent. Monats. 4: 162, TL: Caffraria
Spilarctia puella Druce, 1898; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1 (3): 210, TL: SW.Africa, Pondoland
Spilosoma lineata f. albida Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 180, TL: Tanzania, Zanbibar; Dar-es-Salaam
Diacrisia lineata ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 314, pl. 46, f. 3
Spilosoma lineata ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Hippeastrum, Aster, Cosmos, Zinnia, Tagetes, Gloriosa, Morus, Boerhavia, Passiflora edulis Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma lucida (Druce, 1898)

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania. See [About maps] Euchaetes lucida Druce, 1898; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1 (3): 212, TL: Dar-es-Salaam
Spilosoma steudeli Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 183, TL: [Tanzania] Bagamoyo
Diacrisia lucida ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 294, pl. 45, f. 16
Spilosoma lucida ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Commelina, Aster, Cosmos, Zinnia, Morus, Boerhavia Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

Spilosoma luteoradians (Toulgoët, 1954)

-. See [About maps] Diacrisia luteoradians Toulgoët, 1954; Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (E) 5: 207, TL: Madagascar, massif de l'Ankaratra, Manjakatompo

S. l. luteoradians

Madagascar Spilosoma luteoradians luteoradians ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

S. l. jugicola Toulgoët, 1976

C.Madagacascar Spilosoma jugicola Toulgoët, 1976; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 81: 194, TL: Madagascar, maffif de l'Itremo, 1615m
Spilosoma jugicola monochroma ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

S. l. monochroma Toulgoët, 1984

Madagascar Spilosoma monochroma Toulgoët, 1984; Misc. Ent. 50: 97 (repl. madagascariensis Rothschild, 1933)
Estigmene madagascariensis Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 184 (preocc. madagascariensis Butler, 1882), TL: Madagascar, Perinet
Spilosoma luteoradians monochroma ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma lutescens Walker, 1855

-. See [About maps] Spilosoma lutescens Walker, 1855; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 3: 672, TL: Sierra Leone; South Africa
Diacrisia lutescens ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 295, pl. 45, f. 7

S. l. lutescens

Sierra Leone, Ghana, Cameroun, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania Spilosoma lutescens lutescens ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Mesembryanthemum, Tecomaria, Canna, Commelina, Bidens pilosa, Helianthus annus, Dioscorea, Vigia, Zea mays, Cassia tomentosa, Lablab, Phaseolus, Entada abyssinica, Acacia mollissima, Ficus, Morus, Boerhavia, Ligustrum, Solanum seaforthianum, Lantana Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26-27

S. l. screabile Wallengren, 1875

South Africa Spilosoma screabile Wallengren, 1875; Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh. 32 (1) : 102, TL: [South Africa]
Spilosoma lutescens screabile ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Larva on Bidens, Zea mays, Entada abyssinica, Phaseolus, Acacia mearnsii, Ornithogalum eckloni, Gloriosa superba Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 27

Spilosoma madagascariensis (Butler, 1882)

-. See [About maps] Euchaetes madagascariensis Butler, 1882; Cistula Ent. 3 : 3, TL: Madagascar, Betsileo
Diacrisia madagascariensis ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 294

S. m. madagascariensis

Madagascar Spilosoma madagascariensis madagascariensis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

S. m. sparsipuncta (Hampson, 1901)

Madagascar Diacrisia sparsipuncta Hampson, 1901; Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 282, pl. 45, f. 19, TL: Madagascar, Betsilio
Spilosoma madagascariensis sparsipuncta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18, f. 23, 124-125

Spilosoma mediocinerea (Toulgoët, 1956)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilarctia mediocinerea Toulgoët, 1956; Revue Fr. d'Ent. 23: 128, TL: Madagascar, environ de Nosivola
Spilosoma mediocinerea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma mediopunctata (Pagenstecher, 1903)

Somalia. See [About maps] Amsacta mediopunctata Pagenstecher, 1903; Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Naturk. 56: 14, TL: Somalia, Süd-Schoa, Gallaland
Spilosoma mediopunctata ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma melanimon Mabille, 1880

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilosoma melanimon Mabille, 1880; C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23 : 16, TL: Madagascar
Spilosoma robleti Mabille, 1893; Annls. Soc. ent. Belg. 37 (1) : 57, TL: Madagascar
Pericallia melanimon ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 359, pl. 47, f. 4
Spilosoma melanimon ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 18

Spilosoma melanochorium Hering, 1932

Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma melanochorium Hering, 1932; Revue Zool. Bot. Afr. 22 : 107, TL: Zaire, Rutshuru
Spilosoma melanochorium ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma melanodisca (Hampson, 1907)

Cameroun, Zaire, Uganda. See [About maps] Diacrisia melanodisca Hampson, 1907; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 19 (111) : 236, TL: Uganda, Ruwenzori
Spilosoma melanodisca ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma metaleuca (Hampson, 1905)

Nigeria, Sudan. See [About maps] Diacrisia metaleuca Hampson, 1905; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15 (89) : 447 [?], TL: Niger R., Anambra
Spilosoma metaleuca ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma milloti (Toulgoët, 1954)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Diacrisia milloti Toulgoët, 1954; Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (E) 5: 209, TL: Madagascar, plateau de l'Imerina, Tananarive, parc de Tsimbazaza
Spilosoma milloti ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma nigrocastanea (Rothschild, 1917)

Malawi (Angoniland). See [About maps] Diacrisia nigrocastanea Rothschild, 1917; Novit. Zool. 24 (2): 483, TL: [Malawi] Angoniland, Lilongwe
Spilosoma nigrocastanea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma nigrocincta (Kenrick, 1914)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Diacrisia nigrocincta Kenrick, 1914; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913 (4) : 600, TL: Madagascar
Spilosoma nigrocincta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma nigricosta (Holland, 1893)

Gabon, Zaire, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Senegal. See [About maps] Aloa nigricosta Holland, 1893; Psyche 6 : 398, TL: [Gabon] Ogové River
Spilosoma nigricosta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19, f. 19, 117-119

Spilosoma nyasana Rothschild, 1933

Malawi. See [About maps] Spilosoma nyasana Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 179, TL: Malawi, Zomba
Spilosoma nyasana ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma nyasica (Hampson, 1911)

Malawi. See [About maps] Diacrisia nyasica Hampson, 1911; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 8 (46) : 409, TL: Malawi, Zomba
Diacrisia nyasica ab. zomba Strand, 1919; Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 22: 206, TL: Malawi, Zomba, B.C. Africa
Spilosoma nyasica ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma occidens (Rothschild, 1910)

-. See [About maps] Diacrisia occidens Rothschild, 1910; Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 138, TL: Ghana, Gambaga

S. o. occidens

Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria Spilosoma occidens occidens ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Larva on Leguminoseae Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 26

S. o. nyangweensis (Strand, 1922)

Diacrisia nyangweensis Strand, 1922; Archiv Naturgesch. 88 (A) 8: 268, TL: Zaire, Nyangwe
Spilosoma occidens nyangweensis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma pales (Druce, 1910)

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania. See [About maps] Diacrisia pales Druce, 1910; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 6 (32) : 169, TL: [Tanzania]
Spilosoma pales ; Hampson, 1920, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 2: 393, pl. 59, f. 16; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma pauliani (Toulgoët, 1956)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilarctia pauliani Toulgoët, 1956; Revue Fr. d'Ent. 23: 130, TL: Madagascar, route d'Anosibe, Forêt de Sandrangato
Spilosoma pauliani ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma penultimum Kiriakoff, 1965

Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma penultimum Kiriakoff, 1965; Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 41 (21): 11, TL: [Zaire] Bunia
Spilosoma penultimum ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma quadrilunata (Hampson, 1901)

Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Zaire. See [About maps] Diacrisia quadrilunata Hampson, 1901; Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 293, pl. 45, f. 23, TL: Sierra Leone
Spilosoma quadrilunata ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma quadrimacula Toulgoët, 1977

Ethiopia. See [About maps] Spilosoma quadrimacula Toulgoët, 1977; Mem. Mus. Natnl Hist. Nat. (N.S.) (Zool.) 105: 79, TL: Ethiopia, Lalokéli
Spilosoma quadrimacula ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma rava (Druce, 1898)

-. See [About maps] Spilarctia rava Druce, 1898; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1 (3): 211, TL: Gambia
Diacrisia rava ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 276, pl. 44, f. 5

S. r. rava

Gambia, Senegal, Ghana Spilosoma rava rava ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

S. r. deleta Debauche, 1938

Zaire Spilosoma deleta Debauche, 1938; Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 14 (9): 19, TL: Zaire, Bamba
Spilosoma rava deleta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma rhodesiana (Hampson, 1900)

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa. See [About maps] Diacrisia rhodesiana Hampson, 1900; Ann. S. Afric. Mus. 2: 57, TL: Zimbabwe, Salisbury, Mashonaland
Diacrisia rhodesiana ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 296, pl. 45, f. 24
Spilosoma rhodesiana ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma scita (Walker, [1865])

South Africa, Zambia. See [About maps] Antheua scita Walker, [1865]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 298, TL: Natal
Diacrisia scita ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 296, pl. 45, f. 15
Spilosoma scita ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Larva on Tageteserecta, Cassia tomentosa, Acacia mearnsii, Smilax kraussiana Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 27

Spilosoma scortillum Wallengren, 1875

-. See [About maps] Spilosoma scortillum Wallengren, 1875; Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh. 32 (1) : 101, TL: Transvaal
Diacrisia scortilla ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 274, pl. 44, f. 13

S. s. scortillum

South Africa Spilosoma scortillum scortillum ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

S. s. costalis (Kiriakoff, 1954)

Zaire Estigmene costalis Kiriakoff, 1954; Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 50: 181, TL: Zaire, Lumbumbashi "Elisabethville"
Spilosoma scortillum costalis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma semihyalina Bartel, 1903

Togo, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania. See [About maps] Spilosoma semihyalina Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 188, TL: Togo, Bismarckburg
Spilosoma semihyalina ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma sublutescens Kiriakoff, 1958

-. See [About maps] Spilosoma sublutescens Kiriakoff, 1958; Ruwenzori Exp. 1952 1: 20, TL: Uganda, Ibanda

S. s. sublutescens

Uganda (Ibanda) Spilosoma sublutescens sublutescens ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

S. s. fletcheri Kiriakoff, 1958

Tanzania (Arusha) Spilosoma fletcheri Kiriakoff, 1958; Ruwenzori Exp. 1952 1: 21, TL: Tanzania, Arusha district
Spilosoma sublutescens fletcheri ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma sulphurea Bartel, 1903

Cameroun. See [About maps] Spilosoma sulphurea Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 189, TL: Cameroun, Yaunde
Spilosoma sulphurea ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Larva on Acanthus arboreus, Senecio abyssinica, Morus, Boerhavia Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 27

Spilosoma tenuivena Kiriakoff, 1965

Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma tenuivena Kiriakoff, 1965; Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 41 (21): 12, TL: [Zaire] Ituri, Vieux Kilo
Spilosoma tenuivena ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma togoensis Bartel, 1903

Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo, Nigeria, Zaire. See [About maps] Spilosoma togoensis Bartel, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 184, TL: Togo, Bismarckburg, Aorie, Hinterland
Spilosoma impunctata Rothschild, 1933; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 180, TL: Nigeria, Abinsi R., Benue; Cameroun, Yoko; Central African Republic, Fort Sibut

= ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma togoensis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19, f. 30, 138

Spilosoma turlini Toulgoët, 1973

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilosoma turlini Toulgoët, 1973; Nouv. Rev. Ent. 3: 183, TL: Madagascar, Région Ambatofinandrahana
Spilosoma turlini ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma unipuncta (Hampson, 1905)

Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Angola. See [About maps] Estigmene unipuncta Hampson, 1905; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15 (89) : 447 [?], TL: [Tanzania] Dar-es-Salaam
Estigmene unipuncta f. defasciata Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill Mus. 4: 175, TL: Kenya, Kitale
Estigmene unipuncta f. limbata Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill Mus. 4: 175, TL: Kenya, Kitale
Estigmene unipuncta f. limitata Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill Mus. 4: 175, TL: Keyna, Kitale
Spilosoma unipuncta ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Larva on Gramineae, (grasses) Arachis hypogaea Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 27

Spilosoma viettei (Toulgoët, 1954)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Diacrisia viettei Toulgoët, 1954; Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (E) 5: 208, TL: Madagascar, massif de l'Ankaratra, Manjakatompo, forêt d'Ambahona
Spilosoma viettei ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma vieui (Toulgoët, 1956)

Madagascar. See [About maps] Spilarctia vieui Toulgoët, 1956; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 61: 233, TL: Madagasar, Périnet, forêt d'Analamazoatra
Spilosoma vieui ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

Spilosoma yemenensis (Hampson, 1916)

Yemen. See [About maps] Diacrisia yemenensis Hampson, 1916; Novit. zool. 23 : 235, TL: Yemen
Spilosoma yemenensis ; Goodger & Watson, 1995, The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: 19

?Spilosoma fuscipennis (Hampson, 1894)

Himalayas. See [About maps] Spilosoma fuscipenne Hampson, 1894; Fauna Br. India (Moths) 2: 11, TL: NW.Himalayas, Simla
Diacrisia fuscipennis ; Hampson, 1901, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : 310, pl. 46, f. 23
"Spilosoma" fuscipennis ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma inexpectata Rothschild, 1933

New Ireland. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" inexpectata ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma reticulata Rothschild, 1933

New Britain. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" reticulata ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma sericeipennis Rothschild, 1933

Yunnan. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" sericeipennis ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma wahri Rothschild, 1933

Timor. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" wahri ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma melaenoides Rothschild, 1935

Java. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" melaenoides ; [DubO]

Spilosoma fusifrons Walker, [1865]

S.India. See [About maps] Spilosoma fusifrons Walker, [1865]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 295, TL: S.India
"Spilosoma" fusifrons ; [DubO]

?Spilosoma rothschildi Roepke, 1943

Celebes. See [About maps] "Spilosoma" rothschildi ; [DubO]

21.6.2010 (111)

References:

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[AUCL]

Nielsen & Rangsi, 1996; Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia; CSIRO, Australia

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BSW]

de Freina, J. J., Witt, T. J, 1987; Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalearktis; ISBN 3-926285-00-1

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[Don Herbison-Evans]

and Stella A. Crossley; Lepidoptera Larvae of Australia; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans; e-mail: Don Herbison-Evans

[DubA]

Dubatolov, 1996; A list of the Arctiinae of the territory of the former U.S.S.R (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae); In: Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, Band 37: 39-89; A web presentation of the list.

[DubN]

Dubatolov; Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) of the Nearctic Region; (under construction)

[DubO]

Dubatolov

[ESP]

Heppner, 1981; The dates of E. J. C. Esper's Die Schmetterlinge in Abblidungen... 1776-[1830]; Archives of Natural History (1981) 10 (2): 251-254

[GALEPS]

Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm

[HMB]

Holland, 1908; The Moth Book; A popular guide to a knowledge of the moths of North America

[Ian Kimber]

http://www.ukmoths.force9.co.uk/

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[Lynn Scott]

Moths of the Ottawa Area; Lynn Scott's Lepidoptera Images

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MPG]

North American Moth Photographers Group

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NORLEP]

Norges Sommerfugler

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[SZMN]

Lepidoptera; Siberian Zoological Museum

Some related literature:

Bartel, 1903

Neue aethiopische Arctiidae der Sammlung des Kgl. Museums für Naturkunde in Berlin Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1) : 170-214

Boisduval, 1852

Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 : 275-324

Bryk, 1942

Zur Kenntnis der Großschmetterlinge der Kurilen Dt. Ent. Zeit. Iris, 56: 3-113 [?-90], 4fgs, 2pls

Bryk, 1948

Zur Kenntnis der Großschmetterlinge von Korea. II Ark. Zool. 41 A (1): 1-225, 7pls

Butler, 1875

Revision of the genus Spilosoma and the allied groups of the family Arctiidae Cistula Ent. 2 : 21-44

Butler, 1878

Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Lepidoptera from Old Calabar and Madagascar Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 2 (12) : 455-465

Butler, 1881

An account of the Sphinges and Bombyces collected by Lord Walsingham in North America during the years 1871-1872 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 8 : 306-318

Butler, 1882

Descriptions of new species of Heteroceus Lepidoptera from Madagascar Cistula Ent. 3 : 1-27

Curtis, 1825

British Entomology; being Illustrations and Descriptions of the Genera of Insecta found in Great Britain and Ireland: Containing coloured Figures from Nature of the Most Rare and Beautiful Species, an in Many Instances of the Plants Upon Which They are Found British Entomology 1: pl. 1-50 (1824), 2: pl. 51-98 (1825), 3: pl. 99-146 (1826), 4: pl. 147-194 (1827), 5: pl. 195-241 (1828), 6: pl. 242-289 (1829), 7: pl. 290-337 (1830), 8: pl. 338-383 (1831), 9: pl. 384-433 (1832), 10: pl. 434-481 (1833), 11: pl. 482-529 (1834), 12: pl. 530-577 (1835), 13: pl. 578-625 (1836), 14: pl. 626-673 (1837), 15: pl. 674-721 (1838), 16: pl. 722-769 (1839)

Debauche, 1938

Amatidae et Lihosiidae nouveaux ou peu connus Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 14 (9): 1-21

Distant, 1897

On a Collection of Heterocra made in the Transvaal Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 20 (115): 15-17, (116): 197-211

Druce, 1898

Description of some new species of Heterocera Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1 (2): 146-149, (3): 207-215

Druce, 1910

Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera from East & West Africa and Tropical South America Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 6 (32) : 168-183

Dubatolov, 1996

Three contributions to the knowledge of palearctic Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 37:

Dyar, 1893

Synonymic and structural notes Ent. News 4 (1) : 33-36

Dyar, 1904

Notes on the distribution of the red forms of Diacrisia Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 6 (1) : 18-19

H. Edwards, 1874

Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. - No. 4. Descriptions of some New genera and Species of Heterocera Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 : 264-267

H. Edwards, 1881

Descriptions of new species and varieties of Arctiidae Papilio 1 (3) : 38-39

Esper, 1786

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil III. Die Nachtschmetterlinge Die. Schmett., Th. III (15): 1-32, pl. 1-6 (1782), (16): 33-56, pl. 7-12 (1782), (17): 57-88, pl. 6A, 13-17 (1783), (18): 89-104, pl. 18-23 (1783), (19): 105-136, pl. 24-31 (1784), (20): 137-184, pl. 32-37 (1785), (21): 185-208, pl. 38-43 (1785), (22): 209-240, pl. 44-49 (1785), (23): 241-272, pl. 50-55 (1785), (24): 273-288, pl. 56-61 (1786), (25): 289-312, pl. 62-67 (1786), (26): 313-328, pl. 68-73 (1786), (27): 329-344, pl. 74-79 (1786), (28): 345-396 (1786)

Esper, 1789

Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil III. Supplement. Dritter Abscnitt. Die Nachtschmetterlinge Die. Schmett., Th. III (Suppl.) (1-2): 1-36, pl. 80 (1789), (3-4): pl. 81-85 ([1789]), (5-6): 37-64, pl. 86-90 (1794), ([7]): 65-72, pl. [91] ([1798]), (8-9): 73-94, pl. 92-93 (1800), (10): 95-100, pl. 94 ([1800-1807]), ([11]): 101-104 ([1807])

de Freina, 1999

Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Kleinasiens, Weitere Kenntnisse über Artenspektrum, Systematik und Verbreitung der Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Notodontidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae und Cymatophoridae Atalanta 30 (1/4): 187-257

Gaede, 1923

Alte und neue Arctiinae des Berliner Zoologischen Museums Ent. Rundsch. 40: 2-3, 14-15, 19-20, 27-28 (?29)

Godart, 1822

Histoire naturelle des Lépidoptères ou Papillons de France. Nocturnes 1 Hist. Nat. Lépid. Fr. 4 : 1-424

Godman & Salvin, 1885

Biologia Centrali-Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Mexico and Central America. Zoology. Lepidoptera. Heterocera Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Heterocera 1: 1-490, 3: pl. 1-101

Goodger & Watson, 1995

An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae) The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths

Hampson, 1894

Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma Fauna Br. India (Moths) 2: 609pp

Hampson, 1900

The moths of South Africa (Part 1) Ann. S. Afric. Mus. 2: 33-66

Hampson, 1901

Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. 3 : i-xix, 1-690, pl. 36-54

Hampson, 1901

New species of Syntomidae and Arctiadae Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8 (45) : 165-186

Hampson, 1903

Descriptions of new Syntomidae and Arctiadae Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11 : 337-351

Hampson, 1905

Description of new genera and species of Syntomidae, Arctiadae, Agaristidae, and Noctuidae Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15 (89) : 425-453

Hampson, 1907

Descriptions of new genera and species of Syntomidae, Arctiadae, Agaristidae and Noctuidae Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 19 (111) : 221-257

Hampson, 1911

Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomidae, Arctiadae, Agaristidae, and Noctuidae Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 8 (46) : 393-445

Hampson, 1916

Description of new species of the family Arctiadae in the British Museum Novit. zool. 23 : 230-240

Hampson, 1920

Catalogue of the Lithosiadae (Arctianae) and Phalaenoididae in the collection of the British Museum Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 2: 1-592,592a,593-619, pl. 42-71

Hering, 1932

Neue Heteroceren aus Africa Revue Zool. Bot. Afr. 22 : 102-117

Holland, 1893

Descriptions of new species and genera of West African Lepidoptera Psyche 6 : 373-376, 393-400, 411-418, 431-434, 451-454, 469-476, 487-490, 513-520, 531-538, 549-552, 565-568, pl. 10, 17-18, 20-21

Hufnagel, 1766

Tabelle über die heiesigen nachtvögel. V. Dritte tabelle von dene Insected oder die erste von den Nachtvögel Berlin. Magazin, 2 (4) : 391-437

Kenrick, 1914

New or little known Heterocera from Madagascar Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913 (4) : 587-602, pl. 31-32 (1914)

Kiriakoff, 1954

Hétérocères nouveaux ou peu connus du Katanga Revue Zool. Bot. afr. 50: 168-188

Kiriakoff, 1963

Lepidoptera Heterocera Explor. Nat. Albert 16 (2): 73-124

Kiriakoff, 1965

Les Lépidoptères hétérocères africaines de la collection Abel Dufrane Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 41 (21): 1-17

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Mabille, 1878

Lepidoptera Africana Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 3: 81-95

Mabille, 1880

Diagnoses Lepidopterum Malgassicorum C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 23 : xvi-xxvii,[16-27]

Mabille, 1893

Description de Lepidopteres nouveaux Annls. Soc. ent. Belg. 37 (1) : 50-65

Marsham, 1791

Observations on the Phalaena Bombyx Lubricipeda of Linnaeus, and some other Moths allied to it Trans. Linn. Soc. 1 : 67-75, pl. 1

Matsumura, 1929

New moths from Kuriles Insecta Matsumurana 3 (4): 165-168

Matsumura, 1930

New species and form of Arctiidae from Japan Insecta Matsumurana, 5: 31-40, pl. 1

Motschulsky, [1861]

Insectes du Japon Etud. Ent. 9: 4-39

Neumoegen, 1881

A new species of Antarctia from Mount Hood, Oregon Papilio 1 (5) : 79-80

Neumoegen & Dyar, 1893

Notes on Lithosiinae and Arctiidae with descriptions of new varieties Ent. News 4 (4) : 138-143

Oberthür, 1879

Diagnoses d'Escpèces nouvelles de Lépidoptères de l'ile Askold Diagn. Lep. Askold: 16pp

Oberthür, 1880

Faune des Lépidoptères de l'ile Askold. Premiere Partie Étud. d'Ent. 5 : 1-88, pl. 1-9

Packard, 1864

Synopsis of the Bombycidae of the United States. (1 & 2) Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3 : 97-130, : 331-396

Pagenstecher, 1903

Wissenschafliche Resultate der Reise des Freiherrn Carlo von Erlanger durch Süd-Schoa, die Galla un Somliländer in 1900 und 1901. Sphingiden und bombyciden Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Naturk. 56: 1-28

Poey, 1832

Centurie de Lépidoptères de l'ile de Cuba contenat la description et les figures coloriées de cent espèces de papillons nouveaux ou peu connus, réprésentés d'après nature, souvent avec la chenille, la chrysalide, et plusieurs détails microscopiques Centurie Lèpid. Cuba : [1-54], pl. [1-20]

Püngeler, 1906

Neue palaearctische Macrolepidopteren Dt. ent. Z. Iris 19 (2) : 78-98

Rossi, 1790

Fauna Etrusca, sistens insectae, quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Fauna Etrusc. 2: 348pp

Rothschild, 1910

Catalogue of the Arctianae in the Tring museum, with notes and descriptions of new species Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 113-171

Rothschild, 1910

Descriptions of new species of Arctianae in the Tring Museum Novit. Zool. 17 (2): 172-188

Rothschild, 1917

Some new moths of the families Arctiidae and Eupterotidae Novit. Zool. 24 (2): 475-492

Rothschild, 1933

New species and subspecies of Arctiinae Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 11 (62): 167-194

Schawerda, 1922

Ussuriensia Z. Öst. EntVer. 7: 10-11

Stoll, [1782]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)

Strand, 1919

Arciidae: Subfam. Arctiinae Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 22: [1]-415

Strand, 1922

Miscellanea Lepidopterologica et Arachnologica I-VI Archiv Naturgesch. 88 (A) 8: 267-272

Strecker, 1899

Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic Lep. Rhopal. Het., Suppl. 2 : 1-11

Strecker, 1900

Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic Lep. Rhopal. Het., Suppl. 3 : 13-37,38

Talbot, 1932

New forms of African Lepidoptera Bull. Hill Mus. 4: 170-177

Toulgoët, 1954

Arctiides nouveaux de Madagascar et de l'ile Maurice Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (E) 5: 169-217

Toulgoët, 1956

Description d'Arciides nouveaux de Madagascar Revue Fr. d'Ent. 23: 128-131

Toulgoët, 1956

Description de deux Arctiidae nouveaux de Madagascar Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 61: 231-234

Toulgoët, 1961

Description d'Arctiides malgaches nouvelles Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 66: 39-42

Toulgoët, 1971

Description d'Arctiides nouvelles de Madagascar Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 76: 82-90

Toulgoët, 1973

Description d'Arctiides nouvelles de Madagascar Nouv. Rev. Ent. 3: 181-184

Toulgoët, 1976

Description d'Arctiides nouvelles de Madagascar et des Comores Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 81: 185-197

Toulgoët, 1977

Missions entomologiques en Ethiopie-Arctiidae et Nolidae Mem. Mus. Natnl Hist. Nat. (N.S.) (Zool.) 105: 68-81

Toulgoët, 1984

Liste récapitalutive des Lépidoptères Arctiidae et Nolidae de Madagascar et de l'Archipel des Comores Misc. Ent. 50: 69-108

Walker, 1855

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 1: 1-278 (1854), 2: 279-581 (1854), 3: 582-775 (1855), 4: 776-976 (1855), 5: 977-1258 (1855), 6: 1259-1508 (1855), 7: 1509-1808 (1856)

Walker, 1862

Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1 : 70-128, : 263-279

Walker, 1864; Walker, [1865]

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 1-322 ([1865]), 32: 323-706 (1865), 33: 707-1120 (1865), 34: 1121-1534 ([1866]), 35: 1535-2040 (1866)

Wallengren, 1860

Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen (1-3) Wien ent. Monats. 4: 33-46,161-176 (1860), 7: 137-151 (1863)

Wallengren, 1875

Insecta Transvaaliensia. Bidrag till Transvaalska Republikens i Södra Afrika Insektenfauna Öfvers. Vet. Akad. Förh. 32 (1) : 83-137

Watson & Goodger, 1986

Catalogue of the Neotropical Tigermoths Occ. papers on syst. entomology 1: 1-71

Wiltshire, 1986

Lepidoptera of Saudi Arabia Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8: 262-323

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Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.