# NAME Data::Prepare - prepare CSV (etc) data for automatic processing # SYNOPSIS use Text::CSV qw(csv); use Data::Prepare qw( cols_non_empty non_unique_cols chop_lines chop_cols header_merge ); my $data = csv(in => 'unclean.csv', encoding => "UTF-8"); chop_cols([0, 2], $data); header_merge($spec, $data); chop_lines(\@lines, $data); # mutates the data # or: my @non_empty_counts = cols_non_empty($data); print Dumper(non_unique_cols($data)); # DESCRIPTION A module with utility functions for turning spreadsheets published for human consumption into ones suitable for automatic processing. Intended to be used by the supplied [data-prepare](https://metacpan.org/pod/data-prepare) script. See that script's documentation for a suggested workflow. All the functions are exportable, none are exported by default. All the `$data` inputs are an array-ref-of-array-refs. # FUNCTIONS ## chop\_cols chop_cols([0, 2], $data); Uses `splice` to delete each zero-based column index. The example above deletes the first and third columns. ## chop\_lines chop_lines([ 0, (-1) x $n ], $data); Uses `splice` to delete each zero-based line index, in the order given. The example above deletes the first, and last `$n`, lines. ## header\_merge header_merge([ { line => 1, from => 'up', fromspec => 'lastnonblank', to => 'self', matchto => 'HH', do => [ 'overwrite' ] }, { line => 1, from => 'self', matchfrom => '.', to => 'down', do => [ 'prepend', ' ' ] }, { line => 2, from => 'self', fromspec => 'left', to => 'self', matchto => 'Year', do => [ 'prepend', '/' ] }, { line => 2, from => 'self', fromspec => 'literal:Country', to => 'self', tospec => 'index:0', do => [ 'overwrite' ] }, ], $data); # Turns: # [ # [ '', 'Proportion of households with', '', '', '' ], # [ '', '(HH1)', 'Year', '(HH2)', 'Year' ], # [ '', 'Radio', 'of data', 'TV', 'of data' ], # ] # into (after a further chop_lines to remove the first two): # [ # [ # 'Country', # 'Proportion of households with Radio', 'Proportion of households with Radio/Year of data', # 'Proportion of households with TV', 'Proportion of households with TV/Year of data' # ] # ] Applies the given transformations to the given data, so you can make the given data have the first row be your desired headers for the columns. As shown in the above example, this does not delete lines so further operations may be needed. Broadly, each hash-ref specifies one operation, which acts on a single (specified) line-number. It scans along that line from left to right, unless `tospec` matches `index:\d+` in which case only one operation is done. The above merge operations in YAML format: spec: - do: - overwrite from: up fromspec: lastnonblank line: 2 matchto: HH to: self - do: - prepend - ' ' from: self line: 2 matchfrom: . to: down - do: - prepend - / from: self fromspec: left line: 3 matchto: Year to: self - do: - overwrite from: self fromspec: literal:Country line: 3 to: self tospec: index:0 This turns the first three lines of data excerpted from the supplied example data (shown in CSV with spaces inserted for alignment reasons only): ,Proportion of households with, , , ,(HH1) ,Year ,(HH2),Year ,Radio ,of data,TV ,of data Belize,58.7 ,2019 ,78.7 ,2019 into the following. Note that the first two lines will still be present (not shown), possibly modified, so you will need your chop\_lines to remove them. The columns of the third line are shown, one per line, for readability: Country, Proportion of households with Radio, Proportion of households with Radio/Year of data, Proportion of households with TV, Proportion of households with TV/Year of data This achieves a single row of column-headings, with each column-heading being unique, and sufficiently meaningful. ## pk\_insert pk_insert({ column_heading => 'ISO3CODE', local_column => 'Country', pk_column => 'official_name_en', }, $data, $pk_map, $stopwords); In YAML format, this is the same configuration: pk_insert: - files: - examples/CoreHouseholdIndicators.csv spec: column_heading: ISO3CODE local_column: Country pk_column: official_name_en use_fallback: true And the `$pk_map` made with ["make\_pk\_map"](#make_pk_map), inserts the `column_heading` in front of the current zero-th column, mapping the value of the `Country` column as looked up from the specified column of the `pk_spec` file, and if `use_fallback` is true, also tries ["pk\_match"](#pk_match) if no exact match is found. In that case, `stopwords` must be specified in the configuration ## cols\_non\_empty my @col_non_empty = cols_non_empty($data); In the given data, iterates through all rows and returns a list of quantities of non-blank entries in each column. This can be useful to spot columns with only a couple of entries, which are more usefully chopped. ## non\_unique\_cols my $col2count = non_unique_cols($data); Takes the first row of the given data, and returns a hash-ref mapping any non-unique column-names to the number of times they appear. ## key\_to\_index Given an array-ref (probably the first row of a CSV file, i.e. column headings), returns a hash-ref mapping the cell values to their zero-based index. ## make\_pk\_map my $altcol2value2pk = make_pk_map($data, $pk_colkey, \@other_colkeys); Given `$data`, the heading of the primary-key column, and an array-ref of headings of alternative key columns, returns a hash-ref mapping each of those alternative key columns (plus the `$pk_colkey`) to a map from that column's value to the relevant row's primary-key value. This is most conveniently represented in YAML format: pk_spec: file: examples/country-codes.csv primary_key: ISO3166-1-Alpha-3 alt_keys: - ISO3166-1-Alpha-2 - UNTERM English Short - UNTERM English Formal - official_name_en - CLDR display name stopwords: - islands - china - northern ## pk\_col\_counts my ($colname2potential_key2count, $no_exact_match) = pk_col_counts($data, $pk_map); Given `$data` and a primary-key (etc) map created by the above, returns a tuple of a hash-ref mapping each column that gave any matches to a further hash-ref mapping each of the potential key columns given above to how many matches it gave, and an array-ref of rows that had no exact matches. ## pk\_match my ($best, $pk_cols_unique_best) = pk_match($value, $pk_map, $stopwords); Given a value, `$pk_map`, and an array-ref of case-insensitive stopwords, returns its best match for the right primary-key value, and an array-ref of which primary-key columns in the `$pk_map` matched the given value exactly once. The latter is useful for analysis purposes to select which primary-key column to use for this data-set. The algorithm used for this best-match: - Splits the value into words (or where a word is two or more capital letters, letters). The search allows any, or no, text, to occur between these entities. Each configured primary-key column's keys are searched for matches. - If there is a separating `,` or `(` (as commonly used for abbreviations), splits the value into chunks, reverses them, and then reassembles the chunks as above for a similar search. - Only if there were no matches from the previous steps, splits the value into words. Words that are shorter than three characters, or that occur in the stopword list, are omitted. Then each word is searched for as above. - "Votes" on which primary-key value got the most matches. Tie-breaks on which primary-key value matched on the shortest key in the relevant `$pk_map` column, and then on the lexically lowest-valued primary-key value, to ensure stable return values. # SEE ALSO [Text::CSV](https://metacpan.org/pod/Text%3A%3ACSV) # LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) Ed J This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.